Chuc Nang Hoach Dinh

ThS. Nguyn Vn Tun Khoa Qun l cng nghip i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.HCMB mn: Tip Th - Qun l

PHN II: CHC NNG QUN TR

HOCH NH

PHN II: CHC NNG QUN TR

Hot ng

qun tr

Lm g?

Lm nh th

no?

Nh qun trPhn tch,

nh gi mi

trng

D bo & cn nhc

chn gii php

Mc tiuCch t mc tiu

Hoch nh

ThS. Nguyn Vn Tun - Qun tr i cng\Chng 4: Cng tc hoch nh - 3

PHN II: CHC NNG QUN TRChng 4

CNG TC HOCH NHPhn A: Nhng c s ca hoch nh

1. Khi nim

2. Mc tiu: yu t nn tng ca H - Ql theo mc tiu (MBO)

Phn B: H chin lc (Strategic planning)

1. Khi nim chung v gii thiu cc loi chin lc

2. Tin trnh H chin lc v cng c SWOT

PHN II: CHC NNG QUN TRChng 4

CNG TC HOCH NHPhn C: Hoch nh tc nghip (Operational planning)1. Khi nim chung v cch phn loi k hoch tc nghip 2. Tin trnh hoch nh tc nghip.


A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh

1. Khi nim

1.1. Khi nim Cng tc H (lp KH)

Hoch nh l qu trnh:

- D bo,

- Xc nh mc tiu,

- ra nhng bin php tt nht c th c t n mc tiu .

CHUN B CHO TNG LAI!ThS. Nguyn Vn Tun - Qun tr i cng\Chng 4: Cng tc hoch nh - 5


1. Khi nim

+ ngha tc dng ca hoch nh:

- Nhn din cc c hi KD trong tng lai;

- D kin v trnh hoc i ph nhng nguy c, kh khn;

- Trin khai kp thi cc chng trnh hnh ng.



1. Khi nim

- Hng dn

- Phi hp

- Kim tra

- Ch ng i ph, gim bt nhng bt trc

- Gim c s trng lp ch i



1. Khi nim

1.2. Cc loi hoch nh

Tiu chun Loi hoch nhTheo tnh cht/mc - Hoch nh chin lc (strategic

planning Corporate strategy > Business strategies > Functional strategies)- Hoch nh chin thut (tactics Action plans)- Hoch nh tc nghip (operations Hands-on programs)



1. Khi nim

1.2. Cc loi hoch nh

Tiu chun Loi hoch nhTheo thi hn thc thi - Hoch nh di hn

- Hoch nh ngn hn

Theo mc chi tic th

t, - K hoch xc nh- K hoch hng dn

Theo mc s dng - K hoch dng 1 ln (unique)- K hoch dng nhiu ln (periodic)



1. Khi nim

1.3. Quy trnh hoch nh tng qut- Nhn thc c hi.- Thit lp mc tiu.- Xem xt tin hoch nh (loi hoch nh, rng buc).- Xc nh cc phng n c th.- nh gi v so snh cc phng n.- Chn phng n ln k hoch c th.- Thit lp cc k hoch ph tr.- nh lng ha bng ngn sch.



1. Khi nim

1.4. Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnhhoch nh- Mi trng (bn ngoi, bn trong).

- Chu k sng ca sn phm/dch v.

- iu kin ca hp ng: thi hn, iu kin thc thi, iu kin kim tra, giao nhn, cc rng buc khc v.v

- Cp bc trong t chc.



1. Khi nim

Mc tiu

Mc tiu l nhng mong i m nh qun tr mun t c trong trong mt thi gian nht nh cho t chc ca mnh. Tr li cho cu hi: n v tn ti lm g?

Mc tiu & mc tiu tuyn b



1. Khi nim

Hoch nh v nhim v kinh doanh

S mng/chc nng (mission), trit l doanh nghip

Tm nhn (vision) nh hng chin lc (goals) Mc tiu chin lc (long-term obj.) Mc tiu b phn (Short-term obj.)



1. Khi nimNI DUNG CH YU CA MT BROCHURE CA CNG TY- Mc ch tn ti ca cty (mission,vision,goals)- Trit l doanh nghip- Khch hng, th trng a l- Sn phm, dch v- Cng ngh c bn- Thnh tch, nhng ng gp cho cng ng,



1. Khi nimV sao phi c doanh nghip?

Mc ch(Goals)

Mc tiu chin lc Ch tiu phn u ca cng ty

(Objectives)

S MNG (Mission)CHC NNG - NHIM V

Doanh nghip s tr thnh nh th no trong tng lai?

Tm nhn

(Vision)Doanh nghip s t n v tr /

li ch no trong tng lai?

Vo nm 20?? doanh nghip s t c th phn/doanh thu/li nhun bao nhiu trn

th trng no?

Mc c th, r rng (nh lng c)

ca cc pht biu

tng dn

- Ch tiu thc hin cho cc b phn chc nng ca cng ty - Chnh sch ca cng ty

Phn bit cc mc pht biu v mc tiu

ca mt DN



1. Khi nimS mng (mission) ca DN c th l:

- Gia tng gi tr xut khu cho quc gia.

- Pht trin cng ngh.

- Chm sc nhn dn mt cch tt nht.

- Cung ng ngun nhn lc tr tu cao cho khu vc.

- Lm giu cc gi tr tinh thn cho x hi, v.v


Three Mission Statements

ThS. Nguyn Vn Tun -Qun tr i cng\Chng 4: Cng tc hoch nh- 17


1. Khi nim+ Cp bc qun tr v cng tc hoch nh:

CP BC

QUN TR

TNH CHT

HOCH NH

NI DUNG

Qun tr cp cao

Chin lc(Long term)

- S mng, tm nhn, trit l kinh doanh- Mc ch, ng li, chnh sch- T chc ang i u?- Mc tiu ca t chc trong thi on ti? Cn nhng ti nguyn g?- Vai tr phi hp ca cc b phn? Ai chu trch nhim v cng vic g?




CP BC

QUN TR

TNH CHT

HOCH NH

NI DUNG

Qun tr cp trung

Chin thut(Short term)

- t mc tiu ra bng cch no?

- nh lng ti nguyn & tin nghi cn thit?

- Khi no thc hin? Bt u t n v no? Tin ra sao?

- Phi hp cc hot ng chnh u?

- Ai kim sot nhng hot ng no?




CP BC

QUN TR

TNH CHT

HOCH NH

NI DUNG

Qun tr cp c s

Tc nghip(Daily activities)

- Giao cng tc cho c nhn- Thi kha biu hot ng: Khi no? u? Ai chu trch nhim? Ti sao?- Phn b ti nguyn & tin nghi cn thit: Khi no? u? Nh th no?- Hun luyn, ng vin- Bo co tin



2. Mc tiu Nn tng ca Hoch nh2.1. Th no l mt mc tiu (obj.) ng?

+ Mc tiu l nn tng ca hoch nh:

- nh hng khi thc hin;

- lm tiu chun nh gi, thm nh, kim sot tin thc hin theo hoch nh.



2. Mc tiu Nn tng ca Hoch nh2.1. Th no l mt mc tiu (obj.) ng?

+ Vai tr ca mc tiu th hin hai mt:

- Mt tnh: l nn tng ca hoch nh;

- Mt ng: linh hot pht trin theo hng mc ch chin lc ca cng ty.



2. Mc tiu Nn tng ca Hoch nhSpecific C th

Measurable C th o lng c

Achievable Kh thi, c th t c

Reasonable Hp l

Time-bound C hn nh, hiu lc thi gian

Nguyn tcSMART



2. Mc tiu Nn tng ca Hoch nh2.2. QL l theo mc tiu (M. By Objective)

+ Khi nim

L qun tr thng qua vic mi thnh vin ch ng xc nh mc tiu, t mnh qun l v thc hin cc mc tiu m h ra.

Mi thnh vin s t nguyn rng buc v cam kt hnh ng trong sut qu trnh qun tr theo mc tiu.





Mc tiu ca Doanh nghip

Mc tiu ca b phn

Mc tiu cai nhm

Mc tiu ca cc c nhn

MBO la g?



+ Bn yu t c bn ca chng trnh MBO:

S cam kt ca qun tr cp cao;

S hp tc ca cc thnh vin trong t chc v mc tiu chung;

S t gic vi tinh thn t qun v thc trch nhim thc hin k hoch chung;

T kim sot v t chc kim tra nh k.ThS. Nguyn Vn Tun - Qun tr i cng\Chng 4: Cng tc hoch nh - 29



+ Phng php tip cnKhng c MT ring l ca c nhn hay b phn no trong TC, m n phi t c s ha hpv theo nh hng chung ca MT cp trn; cao mi quan h gia cc mc tiu cc cp (c nhn b phn t chc); cao s tham gia v cam kt ca c nhn;Xc nh r cc mc tiu v th t u tin.




+ Tc dng ca MBO:

m bo mc tiu.

Gim bt s gim st, bt p lc cng vic tc nghip cho cc nh QL.

Phn b ngun lc hp l v st thc t hn.

t c s thng nht gia mc tiu c nhn v mc tiu ca tp th.



2. Mc tiu Nn tng ca Hoch nh2.2. QL l theo mc tiu (M. By Objective)Kch thch tinh thn hng hi, c trch nhim, v s thng hiu nhau gia cp tha hnh (ngi thc hin) v cp QT (ngi a ra mc tiu).To iu kin cho mi thnh vin c c hi pht huy nng lc lm vic v sng to ca mnh, thng qua vic trao quyn tng ng vi yu cu ca vic thc hin mc tiu. Gip cho vic kim tra trong DN d dng, thun li, nng cao cht lng cng tc QT & kt qu hot ng ca DN.D nhn ra c nhng khim khuyt trong t chc.



Quy trnh thc hin MBO RA MC TIU

Xc nh mc tiu chin lc di hn Mc tiu ngn hn ca cng ty Mc tiu ca tng lnh vc KD ca cng ty Mc tiu ca cc chc nng, cc phn xng

THIT K CHNG TRNH HNH NG

T KIM SOTBo m thc hin k hoch theo ng tin

iu chnh nhng sai lch

KIM TRA NH K CA CP TRNCp di c t c mc tiu khng?

nh gi vic thc hin mc tiu Bin php ci tinThS. Nguyn Vn Tun - Qun tr i cng\Chng 4: Cng tc hoch nh - 33


u nhc im ca MBO+ u im:- Cung cp cho cc nh QT nhng d kin hoc mc tiu thc hin hoch nh.

- Buc nh QT phi bit sp xp u tin cho cc mc tiu trong nhng rng buc nht nh (vd: vn, thi gian, nhn lc).



u nhc im ca MBO+ u im:- Xc nh r nhim v, trch nhim v quyn hn i vi cc c nhn Gim mu thun.- Li ko cc thnh vin tham gia vo cc qu trnh xy dng mc tiu chung Cam kt cao.

- To iu kin cho c nhn pht huy nng lc, v nh c c hi thng tin



u nhc im ca MBO+ Nhc im:- Tn thi gian xy dng v thng nht mc tiu chung.

- D sa vo nhng mc tiu nh lng.

- Vic t ra mc tiu c nhn kh thc hin c nu thiu s hng dn v tin tng ca cp trn (c kin thc rng hn).



u nhc im ca MBO+ Nhc im:- Tm nhn khc nhau: cc c nhn c khuynh hng tp trung vo mc tiu trc mt, ngn hn, o lng c Nhng k hoch di hn t c quan tm ng mc.

- Ri ro qun l: cp di d qua mt cp trn, cp trn khng nm chi tit qu trnh thc hin ca cp di khng nhn dng vn v tc ng kp thi, c th li hu qu lu di.



Tho lun:

Thc hin MBO cho mn hc ny


A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh3. Mi quan h gia Hoch nh (Planning) Chin lc (Strategy) Thay i (Change)Hoch nh l chun b cho s thay i

HOCH NH CHIN LC THAY IPhn tch, d bo, nhndng v la chn:- nh hng v ccmc tiu ph hp.- Tp hp cc bin php t chc c th c nhng mc tiu.

t

Mt tp hp cc quynh v bin php c thm cc nh qun tr sp dng cho t chc t c nhng mctiu c xc nh thoch nh.

t Qu trnh trin khai, thchin chin lc. Qu trnhny i hi:- Phn b ngun lc, thigian, nhim v, trchnhim, quyn hn Action plans.- Theo di, ng vin, hiuchnh


A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh3. Mi quan h gia Hoch nh (Planning) Chin lc (Strategy) Thay i (Change)

(M hnh 3 Bc ca Kurt Lewin, 1951)

Lm tan tng(unfreezing)

tnh trng n nh c

Dch chuyn(moving)

sang tnh trng mi

ng bng tr li(refreezing)

tnh trng mi i vo n nh

Qu trnh thay i (change process)


A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh3. Mi quan h gia Hoch nh (Planning) Chin lc (Strategy) Thay i (Change)Qu trnh thay i (change process)

- Gio dc & thng tin, tuyn truyn (Communication)- Tham d (Involvement)- To thun li & cam kt h tr (Facilitating & commitment)- Thng lng, thuyt phc (Negotiating)- Vn ng & li ko (Lobby & motivation)- Cng ch (compulsion)


B: Hoch nh chin lc1. nh ngha v Phn loi Chin lc

1.1. nh ngha

Hoch nh chin lc l vic xc nh mc tiu di hn c bn ca mt DN, thc hin v phn b cc ngun ti nguyn cn thit cho vic thc hin cc mc tiu . (Alfred Chardler)


B: Hoch nh chin lc1. nh ngha v Phn loi Chin lcCc cp chin lc:

Chin lc cp cng ty(Corporate Strategy)

Chin lc cp ngnh/lnh vc kinh doanh ca cng ty(Business Strategy) p dng cho SBU 1



Chin lc chc nngca SBU2 (Functional Strategy) Vd: Chin

lc Cng ngh


lc Nhn s


lc Tip th



1.2. Cc loi Chin lc

+ Loi chin lc n nh

- Nhm mc tiu duy tr tnh hnh hin ti (uy tn, th phn)

- p dng trong mi trng n nh: mc phc tp thp, v mc nng ng ca mi trng cng thp.

nh k hoch nh chin lc l bao lu?ThS. Nguyn Vn Tun - Qun tr i cng\Chng 4: Cng tc hoch nh - 44


1.2. Cc loi Chin lc

+ Loi chin lc suy gim

- Thu hp hot ng

- Bt i cc hot ng

- Thanh l



+ Loi chin lc tng trng

Hng tng trng

Loi chin lc

Tng trng tp trung (growth)

- Thm nhp th trng: tng th phn i vi SP hin ti & th trng hin ti.

- Pht trin th trng: a SP hin ti sang th trng mi, hay l m rng th trng.

- Pht trin sn phm: tung SP mi (ci tin) vo th trng hin ti.



+ Loi chin lc tng trng

Hng tng trng

Loi chin lc

Tng trng bng cch hnhp/kt hp (integration)

i - Hi nhp dc ngc chiu (backward integration): hi nhp vi nh cung cp.

- Hi nhp dc thun chiu (forward integration): hi nhp vi nh phn phi.

- Hi nhp ngang (horizontal integration): hi nhp vi i th cnh tranh.



+ Loi chin lc tng trng Hng tng

trngLoi chin lc

Tng trngbng cch adng ha(diversification)

- a dng ha ng tm: nhn hiu SP mi cng h SP (products line) vi cc SP hin ti (tn dng cng ngh, cc chng trnh tip th ang c).- a dng ha theo chiu ngang: SP mi khng cng h SP hin ti nhng cng phc v trn mt th trng.- a dng ha ton b : va m rng h SP va ra chng loi SP mi.



+ Loi chin lc tng trng Hng tng

trngLoi chin lc

Tng trng bng quc t ha (internationalization)

- Xut khu, c vn phng i din;

- Lin doanh (joint venture);

- St nhp (merger) & mua li (acquisition);

- Lin minh chin lc (strategic alliance) gia cci th cnh tranh.



+ Loi chin lc cnh tranh Loi chin lc Chin lc

Cnh tranh v th trng cM. Porter

a - Chin lc dn u v gi (cost leadership)

- Chin lc to s khc bit(differentiation)

- Chin lc tp trung vo trng im (focus)



+ Loi chin lc cnh tranh Loi chin lc Chin lc

Cnh tranh v tip th - Chin lc ko (pull)

- Chin lc y (push)Chin lc k mnh k yu (Thng trng cng l chin trng)

- K mnh: tn cng trc din, nh t xa, bao vy

- K yu: nh du kch, bc hu


B: Hoch nh chin lc2. Tin trnh H Chin lc v Cng c SWOT2.1. Tin trnh hoch nh chin lc

Bc 1: Xc nh s mng (mission, vision) v mc tiu (objectives) ca t chc.

Bc 2: Phn tch nhng c hi (opportunities) v nguy c (threats) ca mi trng.

Bc 3: nh gi nhng im mnh (strengths) v im yu (weaknesses) ca t chc.


B: Hoch nh chin lc2. Tin trnh H Chin lc v Cng c SWOT2.1. Tin trnh hoch nh chin lc

Bc 4: XD cc phng n chin lc la chn.

Bc 5: Trin khai chin lc chn.

Bc 6: XD KH tc nghip, k hoch h tr.

Bc 7: Kim tra v nh gi kt qu.

Bc 8: Hiu chnh cn thit v lp li tin trnh hoch nh.


B: Hoch nh chin lc2. Tin trnh H Chin lc v Cng c SWOT2.2. Phn tch da trn ma trn SWOT Quy trnh thit lp cc p/a chin lc theo SWOT

- Lit k cc im mnh (Strengths) ch yu bn trong cng ty

- Lit k nhng im yu (Weaknesses) bn trong cng ty

- Lit k cc c hi (Opportunities) bn ngoi cng ty

- Lit k cc mi e da (Threats) quan trng bn ngoi cng ty


B: Hoch nh chin lc2. Tin trnh H Chin lc v Cng c SWOT2.2. Phn tch da trn ma trn SWOT - Kt hp im mnh bn trong vi c hi bn ngoi, v ghi kt qu ca chin lc SO vo thch hp;

- Kt hp nhng im yu bn trong cng ty vi nhng c hi bn ngoi, v ghi KQ ca chin lc WO;

- Kt hp nhng im mnh bn trong cng ty vi nhng e da bn ngoi, v ghi KQ ca chin lc ST;

- Kt hp nhng im yu bn trong cng ty vi nhng e da bn ngoi, v ghi KQ ca chin lc WT.


B: Hoch nh chin lc2. Tin trnh H Chin lc v Cng c SWOT+ Ma trn SWOT

Opportunities(C hi)

Threats(Nguy c)

Strengths(im mnh) SO ST

Weaknesses(im yu) WO WT


B: Hoch nh chin lc2. Tin trnh H Chin lc v Cng c SWOT+ u im v hn ch ca vic H chin lc

U IM HN CH- C.ty thm nng ng, sng to, xl tt cc thay i t mi trng

- Hiu c mc tiu v hng sp ti ca DN

- D on nm bt c cc chi v nguy c

- To v th ch ng trong cnhtranh

- XD nhng chin lc tt hn

i

- i hi thi gian v n lc

- Khi c n nh thnh vn bn:c th b xem l cng nhc

- D bo mi trng khng thchnh xc c

- Cc c.ty ch ch vic lp KH mt quan tm n vic thc hin mi ngi khng n lc thc hin vs dn n hiu qu km.


C: Hoch nh tc nghip1. nh ngha v Phn loi k hoch tc nghip

1.1. nh ngha

L H trin khai cc chin lc ca c.ty:

- Trong nhng lnh vc, tnh hung c th;

- Cc mc tiu c xc nh c tnh cht ngn hn (hng ngy, hng thng, hng qu).

- C tnh nh hng theo mc tiu ca chin lc cp trn.



1.2. Phn loi k hoch tc nghip

C S LOI K HOCH

Da trn yu cu vmc chuyn bica k hoch.

t- K hoch thng xuyn (Standing plan)

- K hoch chuyn bit (Single-use plan)



1.2. Phn loi k hoch tc nghip

C S LOI K HOCH

Da trn yu cuchuyn mn chcnng c th.

- K hoch tuyn dng

- K hoch o to

- K hoch sn xut (iu SX)

- K hoch bn hng

- K hoch chiu th

- K hoch thu chi v.v


C: Hoch nh tc nghip2. Tin trnh hoch nh

2.1. Tin trnhCc MC TIU t k hoch chin lc ca cng ty

Cc K hoch tc nghip

Cc K hoch CHUYN BIT(Cho cc hot ng khng lp li)

Cc K hoch THNG XUYN(Cho cc hot ng lp li)

Cc d n

Cc chng trnh

Cc ngn sch

Cc chnh sch

Cc th tc

Cc quy nh


C: Hoch nh tc nghip2. Tin trnh hoch nh2.2. Ni dung c bn ca mt KH tc nghip:Mc tiu: Lm ci g? t c mc no? Thi hn?Bin php/ phng php thc hin: Cch thc? K thut/m hnh? Qui trnh/Cu trc?Ngun lc cn thit: c v s lng v cht lng (ngn sch, nhn lc, thi gian, cng ngh, c s vt cht, ti nguyn, my mc thit b,)Vic thc hin: bao gm c phn cng v phn bngun lc theo mt tin c d kin, lch kim sot qu trnh, trch nhim v quyn hn c th,


C: Hoch nh tc nghip2. Tin trnh hoch nh2.2. Ni dung c bn ca mt KH tc nghip:C th b sung thm: li ch, ngha thc tin, tin v tnh k tha, kh nng m rng k hoch, mt s hn ch hoc kh khn/ri ro cn lu , k hoch ph tr (hp tc, cung ng, t vn, d phng ri ro)

Tho lun: Vai tr ca hoch nh hin nay cc DN VN.


PHN II: CHC NNG QUN TR PHN II: CHC NNG QUN TR PHN II: CHC NNG QUN TR PHN II: CHC NNG QUN TR A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh Three Mission StatementsA: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh A: Nhng C s ca Hoch nh B: Hoch nh chin lcB: Hoch nh chin lcB: Hoch nh chin lcB: Hoch nh chin lcB: Hoch nh chin lcB: Hoch nh chin lcB: Hoch nh chin lcB: Hoch nh chin lcB: Hoch nh chin lcB: Hoch nh chin lcB: Hoch nh chin lcB: Hoch nh chin lcB: Hoch nh chin lcB: Hoch nh chin lcB: Hoch nh chin lcB: Hoch nh chin lcC: Hoch nh tc nghip C: Hoch nh tc nghip C: Hoch nh tc nghip C: Hoch nh tc nghip C: Hoch nh tc nghip C: Hoch nh tc nghip

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Chuc Nang Hoach Dinh