Ciliated Epithelium is a Category of Epithelium

8/11/2019 Ciliated Epithelium is a Category of Epithelium

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Ciliatedepitheliumis a category of epithelium, a tissue whose cells line the outermost and

innermost surfaces of the body. It is named for the presence ofcilia,or thin, finger-like hairs,

on its surface. These cilia move in one direction in a wavelike pattern, allowing the cells to

sweep away debris, direct the flow of particles, and create a current.

Ciliated epithelium can be found in the bodys air passages, including the lungs,trachea,and

nose; in the fallopian tubes anduterus;and in thebrain.In the airways, ciliated epithelium is

necessary to keep dust and debris out of the lungs, because it controls the flow ofmucus.

Particles in the air are trapped by the mucus in the nose and lungs, and the sweeping motionsof the cilia direct the mucus away from the lungs and out of the body. In the fallopian tubes,

cilia sweep an ovum down toward the uterus, where uterine cilia position it or sweep it out of

the body. Ciliated epithelium in the ventricles of the brain generates circulation of the

cerebral fluids.

he cilia on the edges of the cells are comprised of microtubules, which are long protein

strands known as filaments that make up a cells cytoskeleton and give it structure. These

microtubules bind together to form dimers, or pairs, which then associate with each other into

a cylindrical shape for more strength. These cylindrical tubes are held together by linking

proteins, and they extend up through each of the cilium hairs on the surface. The sweeping

movements of the cilia are energy-dependent, and they rely onenzymesthat use adenosine

triphosphate (ATP) to generate motion. These enzymes connect to the microtubule cylinders

and whip them in one direction, allowing for the cilias characteristic pulsing waves.

The classification of ciliated epithelium is based on several factors, including location, cell

shape, and overall appearance of the tissue as a whole. It is only found on the inner surfaces

of the body, so it is part of theendothelium,or internal epithelium. The shape of individual

cells is cylindrical, like a column, placing this tissue in the columnar epithelium category.

Although the cells exist in a single layer, the cells nuclei are positioned unevenly, giving the

tissue the appearance of multiple layers, or stratification. This places the tissue in thecategory of pseudostratified epithelium, or epithelium that appears to be stratified but is

not. These terms can be combined to form the more specific category of ciliated

pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

In this tissue the epithelial cells bear at their free ends thin elongated cytoplasmic processes

called Cilia (Sing cilium). Each cilium arises from a minute particle called basal granule or

blepharoplast that lies internal to the cell membrane.

In between the ciliated epithelial cells are present mucous secreting goblet cells. The mucous

spreads over the epithelium as a thin coating. The cilia have a beating action (move like the

lashes of a whip) as a result of which the mucous and other substances are transferred overthe epithelium from one place to another.
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The cilia also help in shifting small solid particles entangled in the mucous. In this tissue the

epithelial cells bear at their free ends thin elongated cytoplasmic processes called Cilia (Sing

cilium).

Each cilium arises from a minute particle called basal granule or blepharoplast that lies

internal to the cell membrane. In between the ciliated epithelial cells are present mucoussecreting goblet cells. The mucous spreads over the epithelium as a thin coating.

The cilia have a beating action (move like the lashes of a whip) as a result of which the

mucous and other substances are transferred over the epithelium from one place to another.

The cilia also help in shifting small solid particles entangled in the mucous.

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Epithelial TissuesStructure|Sqaumous Epithelium|Cubiodal Epithelium|Columnar Epithelium|Stratified Epithelium|Functions

of Epithelium|

Structure

Epithelial tissue covers the whole surface of the body. It is made up of cells closely packed

and ranged in one or more layers. This tissue is specialised to form the covering or lining of

all internal and external body surfaces. Epithelial tissue that occurs on surfaces on the

interior of the body is known as endothelium. Epithelial cells are packed tightly together,

with almost no intercellular spacesand only a small amount of intercellular substance.

Epithelial tissue, regardless of the type, is usually separated from the underlying tissue by a

thin sheet of connective tissue; basement membrane. The basement membrane provides

structural supportfor the epithelium and also binds it to neighbouring structures.

Types of Epithelial Tissue

Epithelial tissue can be divided into twogroups depending on the number of layers of which

it is composes. Epithelial tissue which is only one cell thickis known as simple epithelium.

If it is two or more cells thicksuch as the skin, it is known as stratified epithelium.

Simple epithelium

Simple epithelium can be subdivided according to the shape and functionof its cells.

Squamous (pavement) epithelium.

Squamous cells have the appearance of thin, flat plates. The shape of the nucleus

usually corresponds to the cell formand help to identify the type of epithelium.

Squamous cells, for example, tend to have horizontall flattened, elliptical nuclei

because of the thin flattened form of the cell. They form the lining of cavities such as

the mouth, blood vessels, heartand lungsand make up the outer layers of the skin.
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Simple sqaumous epithelium

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium.

As their name implies, cuboidal cells are roughly squareor cuboidalin shape. Each

cell has a spherical nucleusin the centre. Cuboidal epithelium is found in glandsand

in the lining of the kidney tubulesas well as in the ducts of the glands. They alsoconstitute the germinal epitheliumwhich produces the egg cellsin the female ovary

and the sperm cellsin the male testes.

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Columnar epithelial cells occur in one or more layers. The cells are elongatedand

column-shaped. The nuclei are elongatedand are usually located near the base of

the cells. Columnar epithelium forms the lining of the stomach and intestines. Some

columnar cells are specialised for sensory receptionsuch as in the nose, ears and

the taste buds of the tongue.Goblet cells(unicellular glands) are found between the

columnar epithelial cells of the duodenum. They secrete mucus or slime, a

lubricating substance which keeps the surface smooth.


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Simple columnar epithelium

Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

These are simple columnar epithelial cells, but in addition, they posses fine hair-

like outgrowths, ciliaon their free surfaces. These cilia are capable of rapid,

rhythmic, wavelike beatingsin a certain direction. This movement of the cilia in a

certain direction causes the mucus, which is secreted by the goblet cells, to move

(flow or stream) in that direction. Ciliated epithelium is usually found in the air

passages like the nose. It is also found in the uterus and Fallopian tubesof females.

The movement of the cilia propel the ovum to the uterus.

Ciliated columnar epithelium

Glandular Epithelium

Columnar epithelium with goblet cells is called glandular epithelium. Some parts of

the glandular epithelium consist of such a large number of goblet cellsthat there are

only a few normal epithelial cells left. Columnar and cuboidal epithelial cells oftenbecome specialised as gland cellswhich are capable of synthesising and secreting

certain substances such as enzymes, hormones, milk, mucus, sweat, wax and

saliva. Unicellular glandsconsist of single, isolated glandular cells such as the goblet

cells. Sometimes a portion of the epithelial tissue becomes invaginated and a

multicellular glandis formed. Multicellular glands are composed of clusters of

cells. Most glandsare multicellular including the the salivary glands.

Glandular epithelium

Stratified Epithelium.

Where body linings have to withstand wear and tear, the epithelia are composed of

several layers of cells and are then called compound or stratified epithelium. The

top cellsare flat and scalyand it may or may not be keratinised(i.e. containing a


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tough, resistant protein called keratin). The mammalian skinis an example of dry,

keratinised, stratified epithelium. The lining of the mouth cavityis an example of

an unkeratinisied, stratified epithelium.

Stratified epithelium

Functions of Epithelial Tissue

Protection

Epithelial cells from the skinprotect underlying tissue from mechanical injury,

harmful chemicals, invading bacteria and from excessive loss of water.

Sensation

Sensory stimulipenetrate specialised epithelial cells. Specialised epithelial tissue

containing sensory nerve endings is found in the skin, eyes, ears, nose and on the

tongue.

Secretion

In glands, epithelial tissue is specialised tosecrete specific chemical substancessuch

as enzymes, hormones and lubricating fluids.

Absorption

Certain epithelial cells lining the small intestine absorb nutrients from the digestion of

food.

Excretion

Epithelial tissues in the kidney excrete waste products from the body and reabsorb

needed materials from the urine. Sweatis also excreted from the body by epithelial

cells in the sweat glands.

Diffusion


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Simple epitheliumpromotes the diffusion of gases, liquids and nutrients. Because

they form such a thin lining, they are ideal for the diffusion of gases (eg. walls of

capillaries and lungs).

Cleaning

Ciliated epithelium assists in removing dust particles and foreign bodieswhich have

entered the air passages.

Reduces Friction

The smooth, tightly-interlocking, epithelial cells that line the entire circulatory system

reduce friction between the blood and the walls of the blood vessels.

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Epithelial Tissue

Epithelial tissue,or epithelium, has the following general characteristics:

Epithelium consists of closely packed, flattened cells that make up the inside or

outside lining of body areas. There is little intercellular material.

The tissue is avascular,meaning without blood vessels. Nutrient and waste exchange

occurs through neighboring connective tissues by diffusion.

The upper surface of epithelium is free, or exposed to the outside of the body or to an

internal body cavity. The basal surface rests on connective tissue. A thin, extracellular

layer called the basement membraneforms between the epithelial and connectivetissue.

There are two kinds of epithelial tissues:

Covering and lining epithelium covers the outside surfaces of the body and lines

internal organs.

Glandular epithelium secretes hormones or other products.

Epithelium that covers or lines

Epithelial tissues that cover or line surfaces are classified by cell shape and by the number of

cell layers. The following terms are used to describe these features.

Cell shape:

Squamous cellsare flat. The nucleus, located near the upper surface, gives these cells

the appearance of a fried egg.

Cuboidal cellsare cube- or hexagon-shaped with a central, round nucleus. These cells

produce secretions (sweat, for example) or absorb substances such as digested food.

Columnar cellsare tall with an oval nucleus near the basement membrane. These

thick cells serve to protect underlying tissues or may function to absorb substances.Some have microvilli, minute surface extensions, to increase surface area for
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absorbing substances, while others may have cilia that help move substances over

their surface (such as mucus through the respiratory tract).

Transitional cellsrange from flat to tall cells that can extend or compress in response

to body movement.

Number of cell layers:

Simpleepitheliumdescribes a single layer of cells.

Stratifiedepitheliumdescribes epithelium consisting of multiple layers.

Pseudostratifiedepitheliumdescribes a single layer of cells of different sizes, giving

the appearance of being multilayered.

Names of epithelial tissues include a description of both their shape and their number of cell

layers. The presence of cilia may also be identified in their names. For example, simple

squamous describes epithelium consisting of a single layer of flat cells. Pseudostratified

columnar ciliated epithelium describes a single layer of tall, ciliated cells of more than one

size. Stratified epithelium is named after the shape of the outermost cell layer. Thus, stratifiedsquamous epithelium has outermost layers of squamous cells, even though some inner layers

consist of cuboidal or columnar cells. These and other epithelial tissues are illustrated in

Figure 1.

Figure 1. Types of epithelial tissues.


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Glandular epithelium

Glandular epithelium forms two kinds of glands:

Endocrine glandssecrete hormonesdirectly into the bloodstream. For example, the

thyroid gland secretes the hormone thyroxin into the bloodstream, where it is

distributed throughout the body, stimulating an increase in the metabolic rate of body

cells.

Exocrine glandssecrete their substances into tubes, or ducts, which carry the

secretions to the epithelial surface. Examples of secretions include sweat, saliva, milk,

stomach acid, and digestive enzymes.

Exocrine glands are classified according to their structure (see Figure 2):


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277526.html

Epithelial TissueEpithelial tissues come in three basic types: squamous, cuboidal and columnar. These three

types of tissue are seen in either simple(only one cell layer thick) or stratified(many cells in

thickness) arrangements. We will begin with thesimple epithelia,as they are easier to

visualize, and then touch onpseudostratified columnar epitheliumbefore we move on to the

stratified squamous epithelium.Please note that, whereas stratified cuboidal and columnar

epithelia do exist, they are rare and will not be discussed here.

The Simple Epithelial Tissue Types

Simple Squamous Epithelium:

In this silver stained, whole mount of a

simple squamous epithleium, we see it as it

would look from a "top" view. These cells are

large, but quite thin, and have a prominent,

protruding nucleus. A good analogy to their

shape is the sunny-side-up fried egg. It has

also been called "pavement epithelium,

because it can look like like paving stones as

Here we see simple squamous epithelia as

seen in cross section. This photograph is of

the peripheral portion of the chick embryo at

about 33 hours of incubation. Even though

there are several layers of cells visible, they

are all distinct and separate simple squamous

epithelial layers. In other words, they are

each a different structure, each of which is
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seen from above (although paving stones

don't have something similar to the nucleus,

so I like the fried egg analogy better). This

epithelium is called mesotheliumwhen it is

found in certain locations within the body

such as the linings of the peritoneal, pleuraland pericardial cavities. Other places simple

squamous epithelia can be found include; the

glomerulus of the kidney, the walls of

capillaries, and the alveoli of the lungs, to

name a few. Here they are forming a thin

sheet-like layer which allows for minimal

resistance to diffusion.

only one cell layer thick. One of the nuclei of

a squamous cell is shown (arrows), which

demonstrates how the nuclei can "bulge out"

along the simple squamous epithelial layer.

The embryonic layers seen here are, from top

to bottom: i. ectoderm, ii. somatic mesoderm,iii. splanchnic mesoderm and iv. endoderm

(here an example of a simple cuboidal

epithelium).

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: Simple Columnar Epithelium:

These are collecting ducts in a section the

medulla of a mammalian kidney. Each duct is

lined by simple cuboidal epithelium, where

the height of the cells is approximately the

same as the width (and depth). This type of

epithelium is thicker than simple simple

squamous epithelium, so it does not allow for

passive diffusion as readily. There are also

tubules and capillaries composed of simple

squamous epithelia visible.

This is a cross section through the small

intestine. The tall, vertical cells seen at the

top of the tissue are columnar cells (one is

shown - red arrow), which make up simple

columnar epithelium (the cells at the bottom

of the image are connective tissue, which will

be discussed later). Since columnar cells are

quite thick, they do not readily allow passive

diffusion. As a result, these cells use active

transport to move nutrients through them

from the intestine to the blood. This is what

we commonly call "absorption." To help with

this, they have numerous microvilli on their

apical (lumenal) surface, which increases

their surface area to allow for greater

absorption. These are seen as a darker pink

staining border at their lumenal edge. The

black arrow is indicating a goblet cell. Thesecells show a triangular basal nucleus and a


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large amount of clear apical cytoplasm. The

cytoplasm stains clear due to a large amount

of mucus within it that the cell secretes to

protect the intestinal cells from digestion by

the digestive enzymes (your body wants to

digest the food, not itself!).

The Pseudostratified Epithelial Tissue Type

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium:

Here we see a cross section through the 33

hour chick, which shows the neural tube,

mesenchyme and various other labelled

structures. The slide on the right focuses on

the pseudostratified columnar epithelium

associated with the neural tube.

1. Ectoderm

2. Neural Tube

3.

Neurocoele

4. Mesenchyme

5.

Foregut

6. Heart

7. Extraembryonic

Coelom

8. Splanchnopleur

e

Here we see a close up of the cranial neural

tube region of the 33 hour chick. When the

neural tube first forms, it is composed of

pseudostratified columnar epithelium. A

pseudostratified epithelium consists of a

single layer of tall cells with nuclei at

varying heights within the cells. Since their

nuclei are at differing heights within the cells

(unlike a simple columnar epithelium where

nuclei are roughly at the same height within

the cells), it appears as though there are

multiple layers of cells. In reality, though,

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

consists of only one layer of cells.

1. Ectoderm

2. Pseudostratifie

d ColumnarEpithelium (of

the Neural

Tube)

3.

Neurocoele4. Mesenchyme

The Stratified Epithelial Tissue Type

Stratified Squamous Epithelium:


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Here, in a section of frog skin, we see the epidermis (outer part of the skin) showing a typical

stratified squamous epithelium and the dermis showing connective tissue. The cells of the

basal layer of the epidermis (closest to the dermis) are cuboidal to columnar in shape. These

cells are actively mitotic, producing new cells that get pushed upward into the overlyinglayers. As these cells are pushed up, they become flatter and longer (just as if you were to

squash something), taking on the typical squamous shape. When the cells reach the top, they

are sloughed off and replaced by cells from below. The dermis which underlies the epidermis

is composed of a dense, irregular connective tissue, which we will see again later.

1. Epidermis (Stratified Squamous Epithelium)

2. Dermis

http://www.uoguelph.ca/zoology/devobio/210labs/epithelial1.html

epitalium is the tissue that forms the surfaces and linings of the body, and columnar

epithelium consists of one or more layers of closely packed columnar cells. Such cells can be

recognized by their appearance, being taller than they are wide. Generally, this type of tissue

can be found lining the intestines and the respiratory tract. It is also found inside glands,

reproductive organs, and other places where the secretion and absorption of substances

occurs.

Columnarepithelial cellsresemble elongated boxes. They have oval nuclei that usually are

situated in the lower part of the cell. The cells are closely joined together and rest on a

basement membrane, known as the basal lamina.

Some cells have tiny hair-like structures known asciliaon their upper surfaces. These tiny

fronds beat in unison to waft particles across the cell surface. Columnar cells with cilia can be

found in the respiratory tracts. Other cells have minute finger-like projections called

microvilli.These help to increase the surface area available for absorption and can be found

lining the intestines.

In thedigestive tract,this type of tissue is arranged to form a series of finger-like projections,

calledvilli,that increase the surface area. It contains specializedgoblet cellstiny glands

that each contain a reservoir ofmucus.As well as being found in the intestines, they exist in

respiratory passages. The mucus they secrete acts as a lubricant and a protective layer.
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This type of epithelium can be arranged in a number of ways. When the cells are unilayered,

it is known as simple columnar epithelium. The cells are arranged in a row on the basement

membrane with their nuclei in alignment. Usually, the single layer is delicate and restricted to

areas of the body without too much wear and tear. Simple tissue lines the digestive tract,

glands such as thegall bladder,and parts of the reproductive organs.

Less commonly, multi-layered columnar cells can be found, which is known as stratified

columnar epithelium. This tissue may be found within the mammary glands andsalivary

glands.

Some tissue appears to have more than one layer, but when examined closely, it has only one

row of cells, all attached to the same basement membrane. The confusion arises because the

layer of cells is folded or curvy and the cell nuclei are all at different heights. This is known

as pseudostratified columnar epithelium and it often contains both cilia and goblet cells. The

upper branches of the respiratory tract and parts of the male reproductive organs contain this

type.

Epithelial cells are specialized cells which line many different kinds of tissue. Columnar

epithelial cells are named because they are somewhat rectangular in shape and resemble a

column in their orientation. Columnar epithelial cells are often specialized so that they can

have a variety of different functions in the tissues which they line.

Sensory

Columnar epithelial cells are often found at the linings of certain sensor organs, the

University of the Western Cape explains. Columnar epiothelial cells can be found in the

linings of the ears, nose and on the taste buds of the tongue. These cells are designed torespond to stimuli, which can come in the form of sound waves or as molecules which are

able to bind to these specialized epithelial cells. These cells are able to transmit information

about their surroundings to nerve cells, which then convey sensory information to the brain.

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SecretionColumnar epithelial cells can also be involved in secretion, notes the University of Florida

Physician Assistant Program. Columnar epithelial cells can be designed to manufacture and

excrete different substances. Columnar epithelial cells can be modified to become glandular

or goblet cells. Sometimes these cells secrete mucus, gastric juices or tears into different

ducts within the body. These are known as exocrine glands because the secretions affect the

surrounding tissue. Columnar epithelial cells can also be found in endocrine glands, which

make hormones which are then secreted into the blood. Endocrine glands can affect many

different tissues throughout the body because of their connection to the blood stream.

Absorption
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Columnar cells also have an important role in the digestive tract, Southern Illinois University

explains. These cells line the intestines and are responsible for absorbing nutrients from

digested food. Columnar epithelial cells in these cases often have multiple finger-like

projections, which increase the surface area of the cells. A large surface area is necessary to

maximize the efficiency of the absorption of these specialized cells.

Propulsion

A specialized kind of columnar epithelium, known as ciliated columnar epithelium, can be

found in the lining of some organs, such as the fallopian tubes and in the lungs. Cilia are

specialized bundles of protein which can move together to help propel material in one

direction. In the lungs these cells help propel mucus and other materials out of the lungs and

up into the throat. In the fallopian tubes cilitated columnar epithelial cells move eggs through

the fallopian tubes and into the uterus.

Protection

Like all epithelial cells, columnar epithelial cells are designed to protect the tissues which

they line. Columnar epithelial cells are rather thick, which allows them to withstand mild

amounts of damage. In some cases columnar cells can be replaced by more hardy forms of

epithelium if they experience significant damage. This can occur with chronic acid reflux,leading to a condition known as Barrett's esophagus.

Read more:http://www.livestrong.com/article/192342-what-are-the-functions-of-columnar-

epithelial-cells/#ixzz2Otmdx3a6

http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-columnar-epithelium.htm

cilindrisepithelial astigmatism

A coat astigmatism epithelium

Cylindrical layer of epithelial tissue layer composed by cylindrical cells. Location: The network ispresent in the digestive gland epithelium, flakes intestine, gall bladder, stomach (ventrikulus), and

intestine (intestinum).

Function: Network epithelium serves for the absorption of nutrients in the intestine and secretion.

Cylindrical epithelium-lined lot

Cylindrical multi-layered epithelial tissue composed by more than one-cell layer silindria.

Location: The network is present in epithelial tissues larynx, pharynx, trachea, and salivary glands.

Function: Network multi-layered cylindrical epithelium in the secretion and function as a

protector.

cylindrical layer of ciliated epithelium

The epithelium is shaped like a layered cylindrical epithelium, only has a vibrating hairs or cilia.

Epithelium can be found on the wall of the nasal cavity, duct trachea, bronchus, and the wall ofthe oviduct channel.
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Function: Producing mucus (phlegm) to catch foreign objects that enter, with the cilia vibration

banish foreign objects entering / or attached to the mucus.

FIG. Many layers of ciliated cylindrical epithelium.

(looks cilia in the middle, taken from eaofagus fetus).

quasi-layered cylindrical epithelium (ciliated cylindrical epithelium)epithelium is composed of epithelial stem cells that berekatan one another and not all cells reach

the surface to resemble layered epithelium. Located in the nasal cavity and trachea.

Function: protection, secretion, movement of substances through the surface

What Are Squamous Epithelial Cells?

By Beth Celli, eHow Contributor

Print this article

Epithelial cells are the building blocks of epithelial tissue, which forms large sheets that

cover the entire outer surface of the body and help form the skin. Squamous epithelial cells

are thin and flat. These cells resemble fish scales. Simple squamous cells are arranged in one

layer, while stratified squamous epithelial cells are arranged in two or more layers.

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What Causes Epithelial Cells in a Urinalysis?

What Are Epithelial Cells in Urinalysis?

1.

Simple or Stratifiedo Simple squamous epithelial cells arrange themselves in a single layer. Because

the tissue they form is so thin, it is generally found in areas that need a thin

membrane to allow the transport of nutrients or waste, diffusion or filtration.Stratified squamous epithelial tissue is formed when the cells arrange in two or

more layers. These are the most common type of epithelium and are less likely

to be damaged since they are thicker and stronger.

Location

o Simple squamous epithelial cells are found in the walls of the capillaries, in

the air sacs, or alveoli, of the lungs, and in the kidneys. Stratified epithelial

cells are located on the outer layer of the skin and they also all body openings.

o

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Effective, inexpensive dialysis for small samples.

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Functiono Simple squamous epithelial cells perform a few vital functions for the human

body. In the capillaries, they allow for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients and

waste. The cells that are located in the lungs permit diffusion, or the transport,

of oxygen and carbon dioxide. This is an essential part of circulation. The

squamous cells found in the kidneys work to filter water and electrolytes.

Cancers of

o The majority of cancers are cancer of the epithelial cells, also called

carcinoma. Since squamous epithelial is found in most organs and across the

skin, there is a potential for it to be affected in many areas. Squamous cell

carcinoma is the second most common type of skin cancer and it is usually

treatable.

Dangerous Exposure

o Since squamous cell carcinoma is so common, it is important to know what

can cause the disease. Sun exposure is a risk in all skin cancers. Radiation

exposure, either environmental or therapeutic, is also a contributing factor to

many cases of squamous cell carcinoma. An immune system that is not in topworking order can also contribute to this disease. People with lighter skin are

more prone to squamous cell carcinoma and all should limit their exposure to

potential risks.

Read more:What Are Squamous Epithelial Cells? | eHow.com

http://www.ehow.com/about_5448228_squamous-epithelial-cells.html#ixzz2OtohTScS

Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of thin cells that are often flattened.

These cells have a variety of functions within the body and are primarily used to line certaintissues. These cells are used to make very thin linings which can protect tissues and allow

substances to pass between different tissues with relative ease.

Protection and Support

One place where simple squamous epithelial cells can be found is in the mesentery, notes the

Suny Downstate Medical Center. The mesentery is responsible for protecting organs in the

abdominal cavity. It prevents organs from rubbing against each other, leading to

inflammation and possible organ damage. In addition to its role in protecting organs in the

body, the mesentery is also used to help support organs and the nearby blood vessels and
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nerves that run to and from the organs. This helps keep these important structures in place

and can reduce the risk of them becoming damaged or disconnected.

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Diffusion

Simple squamous epithelium can also be found in portions of the lungs and kidneys. In the

lungs, the squamous cells are found in the alveoli, which are the small air sacs in the lungs. In

the kidneys, simple squamous epithelial cells line small structures known as glomeruli, which

are responsible for filtering the blood. In both cases these structures are involved in diffusion,

which is the process by which a substance is able to pass from one tissue to the next. Within

the alveoli, diffusion works to allow oxygen from the air to get into the blood; within theglomeruli, diffusion is needed to allow water and other substances to pass from the blood to

the urine. Diffusion works best when there is only a thin lining of tissue that substances need

to pass through. Simple squamous epithelial cells are flat, which makes them ideal for lining

tissues which utilize diffusion.

Endothelium

Simple squamous epithelial cells also line blood vessels, where they are known as

endothelium. The endothelium functions as a sort of gatekeeper for blood vessels. These cells

are responsible for letting fluids and cells, such as immune cells, escape from small blood

vessels and get into the surrounding tissues. Endothelial cells can either form a solid wall

which makes it hard for substances to escape blood vessels, or they can become "leaky,"

which allows for larger molecules and cells to leave the blood vessel. Endothelial cells can

become leaky in response to certain chemical signals, according to "Vascular Endothelium:

Source and Target of Inflammatory Mediators," a 2001 book edited by John Catravas and

colleagues.

Read more:http://www.livestrong.com/article/192286-what-are-the-functions-of-simple-

squamous-epithelial-cells/#ixzz2OtpCN6sE

Definition:

A squamous cell is a type of epithelial cell that is found in many locations of the body.

Although many people think of epithelial cells as "skin" cells, they can actually be found

covering many layers of the human body - not just the outside.

Squamous cells are the flat, as opposed to square (cuboidal) or rectangular (columnar),

epithelial cells found in many parts of the body. You can find squamous cells in the mouth,

on the lips, and on the cervix, as well as in the middle layers of the skin. Squamous cells are

pretty utilitarian epithelial cells, used for covering just about everywhere.
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Most people only become familiar with the term squamous cell when they are diagnosed with

a squamous cell carcinoma - a type of cancer. Squamous cell carcinomas are the most

common cancer of the oral cavity and are also commonly found in the cervix and the skin.

Women may also be familiar with the term squamous cell because potentially precancerous

abnormal Pap smear resultsare diagnosed assquamousintraepithelial lesions. In this case,squamous cells found in the cervix have taken on an abnormal morphology, or shape, but

they have not necessarily become cancerous. In fact, low grade squamous intraepithelial

lesions, orcervical dysplasias,often heal themselves without any intervention.

http://std.about.com/od/glossary/g/squamousgloss.htm

http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/corepages/epithelia/epithel.htm

http://www.brown.edu/Courses/Digital_Path/systemic_path/hn/cylindricalpapilloma2.html

http://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/ex_simple_columnar.jpg

http://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/simple_columnar.jpg

http://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/ciliated_simple_columnar.jpg

http://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/fallopian_tube.jpg

http://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/ex_simple_squamous.jpg

The working procedure done this experiment are:

1. Prepare tools and materials to be used

2. Observing ingredients one by one under a microscope

3. Drawing attention to the observation and magnification used, coloring and give testimony.

4. Cleaning the lab table before leaving the laboratory.
http://std.about.com/od/prevention/a/abnormalpap.htmhttp://std.about.com/od/prevention/a/abnormalpap.htmhttp://std.about.com/od/gettingtested/qt/cervicaldysplasia.htmhttp://std.about.com/od/gettingtested/qt/cervicaldysplasia.htmhttp://std.about.com/od/gettingtested/qt/cervicaldysplasia.htmhttp://std.about.com/od/glossary/g/squamousgloss.htmhttp://std.about.com/od/glossary/g/squamousgloss.htmhttp://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/corepages/epithelia/epithel.htmhttp://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/corepages/epithelia/epithel.htmhttp://www.brown.edu/Courses/Digital_Path/systemic_path/hn/cylindricalpapilloma2.htmlhttp://www.brown.edu/Courses/Digital_Path/systemic_path/hn/cylindricalpapilloma2.htmlhttp://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/ex_simple_columnar.jpghttp://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/ex_simple_columnar.jpghttp://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/simple_columnar.jpghttp://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/simple_columnar.jpghttp://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/ciliated_simple_columnar.jpghttp://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/ciliated_simple_columnar.jpghttp://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/fallopian_tube.jpghttp://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/fallopian_tube.jpghttp://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/ex_simple_squamous.jpghttp://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/ex_simple_squamous.jpghttp://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/ex_simple_squamous.jpghttp://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/fallopian_tube.jpghttp://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/ciliated_simple_columnar.jpghttp://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/simple_columnar.jpghttp://webanatomy.net/histology/epithelium/ex_simple_columnar.jpghttp://www.brown.edu/Courses/Digital_Path/systemic_path/hn/cylindricalpapilloma2.htmlhttp://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/corepages/epithelia/epithel.htmhttp://std.about.com/od/glossary/g/squamousgloss.htmhttp://std.about.com/od/gettingtested/qt/cervicaldysplasia.htmhttp://std.about.com/od/prevention/a/abnormalpap.htm

Documents

Ciliated Epithelium is a Category of Epithelium