CIP Annual Report 2011

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Cover

Anniversary:

Celebrating

CIPth

the impacts

International Potato Center

AnnualReport 2011


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The International Potato Center (known by its

Spanish acronym CIP) is a research-for-development organization with a

focus on potato, sweetpotato, and Andean roots and tubers. CIP is dedicated

to delivering sustainable science-based solutions to the pressing world issues

of hunger, poverty, gender equity, climate change and the preservation of

our Earths fragile biodiversity and natural resources.

Our vision is roots and tubers improving the lives of the poor.

Our mission is to work with partners to achieve food security, well-

being, and gender equity for poor people in root and tuber farming and food

systems in the developing world. We do this through research and innovation

in science, technology, and capacity strengthening.


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Contents

Statement from the Board Chair 4

Foreword from the Director General 6

Introduction 9CIP = A smart investmentfor reducing poverty and hunger 10

Stories 13

Seeds of success for smallholder farmers in Kenya 14

Sweetpotato-in perpetuity:insurance for a changing world 16

Resistance makes the difference between having enough to eat or not 18

in the Andes

Alternatives for Asia-Pacific:shining light on underground treasures to improve 20

food security

Speeding breeding to meet urgent needs in Mozambique 22

A major boost for biofortification: new use of NIRS technology revolutionizing 24

food fortification effortsA decade of pro-poor innovations: the Papa Andina experience 26

Fostering farming-as-business mentality among smallholder producers 28

Cow cafeteria: using sweetpotato as animal feed in East Africa 30

One system, many gains from a common CGIAR corporate platform 32

Tapping stakeholder synergies: designing the new CGIAR Research Program 34

on Roots, Tubers, and Bananas

Outputs 2011 37

CIP staff publications 2011 38

CIP in 2011 49

Financial report 50

List of donors 52Global contact points 53

Executive committee 56

CIPs internal structure 57

Staff list 58

CGIAR centers 65


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In 2011, the CIP Board of Trustees met in Beijing China, along with Chinas Minister of Agriculture Han. Pictured from left to right are:S. Ayyappan, Jose Valle-Riestra, Stella Williams, Simon Best, Pamela K. Anderson (CIP, DG), Hon. Han Changfu (Minister of Agriculture),Peter VanderZaag (Board Chair), Phyllis Kibui, Zhang Taolin (Vice-Minister of Agriculture), Lu Xiaoping.

2011was an excitingyear for CIP.We celebrated the Centers 40th anniversaryand set into place a new organizational structure to lead CIPs management and research

agenda into a new decade of growth, challenges, and opportunities.

Today, CIP employs a staff of over 600 people, spread across offi ces in nearly 30 different

countries. In the coming years, we anticipate that CIPs size and reach will expand considerably.

The organizations complexity and expected growth require strong, sophisticated management

including a full complement of senior-level administrators. They also drive the need for a

flatter structure to decentralize decision-making and accountability, while also recognizing

the strong and diverse leadership talent base of our staff around the world.

This year, CIP instituted a new level of senior leaders at CIP headquarters and in its four regions.

Several new positions were created. For the first time, CIP has a Chief Operating Offi cer (COO),

Chief Financial Offi cer (CFO), and Deputy Director for the CIP China Center for Asia and the

Pacific (DDG-CCCAP). In addition, there are four new Regional Operations Leaders (ROLs) for

each of CIPs global regions: Latin America-Caribbean (LAC); Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA); South,

STATEMENT FROMthe Board Chair


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West and Central Asia (SWCA); and East and Southeastern Asia-Pacific (ESEAP). This group

will serve to help strengthen management processes, further cross-center coordination, and

ensure effi cient program management, donor relations, and accountability.

Another important organizational change in 2011 included the refinement of CIPs research

areas. New Regional Scientific Leader (RSL) positions were created for Potato or Sweetpotato in

each of CIPs global regions. The number of Global Scientific Leaders (GSLs) was also expanded

to reflect the growing importance of cutting-edge work being conducted in CIPs global

programs. Along with providing scientific leadership and oversight, these leaders identify and

coordinate cross-cutting issues across regions or between geographic and global programs.

Finally, seven Research Support Units were identified, with a Manager for each and a Head to

oversee them all. Each unit has specific infrastructures, capital, instrumentation, facilities, and

talent needed to deliver research support services and create new business opportunities.

CIP maintained solid fiscal management in 2011, despite a year of financial uncertainties due to

global economic conditions, and in a context of major system and funding structure changes.

The consortium of international agricultural research centers, known as the CGIAR, of

which CIP is a member, began implementation of fundamental reforms in 2011. These

included transformations in funding structures, organizational framework, and cross-center

collaborations. The approval and implementation process for 15 new cross-organizational

CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs) was begun. CIP participates in seven of the CRPs. It leads the

CRP on Roots, Tubers, and Bananas, which was formally approved in November and is set to

begin implementation on January 1, 2012.

Like CIP, the CGIAR also celebrated a 40th anniversary in 2011. As we pass this auspicious

milestone together, we look forward to a promising future, built on the legacies of our shared

investments, and turned to meet the challenges of a changing world.

We are grateful to CIPs staff, partners, and donors for their dedication and support.

CIPs is a great mission. We look forward to advancing it together for decades to come.

Peter VanderZaag

Chair, CIP Board of Trustees


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In 2011, CIP celebrated its 40th anniversary. We are very proud of thismilestone, and of the innovations and advances that have resulted from CIPs four decades of

commitment to agricultural research for development.

For this edition of CIPs Annual Report, we have chosen to feature some of the impacts of CIPs

work, recognizing that much of the progress we measure today builds upon four decades of

research investment and dedication.

CIP recently conducted an analysis of returns on investment in CIP activities. The results showed

that annual net benefits from CIP research have exceeded $225 million for the last 10 years. It

is an impressive sum, which clearly represents an excellent rate of return for our donors.

The analysis of returns was based on 15 impact assessment case studies, spanning an

array of technologies (e.g., new varieties, improved seed or seed systems, integrated pest

management) and regions around the globe. The case studies evaluate economic and poverty

reduction impacts for targeted CIP activities, conducted in collaboration with national

agricultural research systems (NARS) and other key partners.

The introductory story in this Annual Report highlights the analysis of returns study in greater

detail. Subsequent stories feature examples of some of the breadth of CIPs impacts, from

the provision of global public goods to illustrations of how they have changed the lives of

individual end users.

The stories in this report also demonstrate that often the effects of our research-for-

development efforts stretch beyond economic impacts to include benefits such as increased

FOREWORD FROM

the Director General

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human capital, cultural pride, social cohesion, or management of natural resources. Further

benefits include such things as greater preservation of biodiversity, better use of underutilized

root and tuber crops, and more resilient food systems, which are more diffi cult to quantify.

I would like to take this opportunity to recognize all of the individuals who have worked

with CIP over the past four decades as researchers, staff members, advisors, and leaders.

We are also deeply grateful to the donors, policymakers, and other key partners who have

supported us, often taking deep personal interest in the priorities, course, and outcomes of

CIPs work. Finally, I want to acknowledge the role of all of our stakeholders, from the Heads of

State, business leaders, and donors to the individual extension workers, lab technicians, and

smallholder farmers. By sharing their ideas, inputs, and innovations they have helped us to

keep our research targeted and grounded in reality.

Thank you one and all. May we continue to work together successfully through the decades to

come, advancing CIPs vision of roots and tubers improving the lives of the poor.

Pamela K. Anderson

Director General

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Director General

CIPARCHIVES


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10/6810 International Potato Center Annual Report 2011

For CIPs donors, the return on investment in

CIP represents a handsome dividend, indeed.

But the real beneficiaries of investments in

agricultural research for development (R4D)

are the research stakeholders and end-users

who reap the rewards of new technologies,

capacity strengthening, and improved

opportunities. CIP end-users range from

semi-subsistence women potato farmers in the

East African highlands to small sweetpotato-

producing households in mixed crop-livestock

systems in Asia, and poor potato consumers in

CIP = A SMART INVESTMENTfor reducing poverty and hunger

Annual net benefits from CIP research have exceeded

$225 million for the last 10 years, according to an

analysis of impact studies conducted in 2011.

Latin America. They also include stakeholders

in National Agricultural Research Services

(NARS) and partners from public, private, not-

for-profit, academic, and other sectors.

The challenge for R4D organizations like CIP

is that large-scale impacts require sustained,

long-term investments. It was not until 1990

nearly 20 years after its founding that CIP was

able to get out of the red with returns from

research projects exceeding the organizations

annual budget. As CIP technologies matured,

the impacts of those investments continued

to increase. By the mid-1990s, they were

generating seven times more economicvalue on a yearly basis than CIPs annual

expenditures.

Much of the bang for the

buck measured through

CIP impact studies has

resulted from improved

seed technologies and the

development of improved

varieties. Integrated pestmanagement practices also

figure increasingly in return

on investment calculations.

(Figure 1).

The estimates of impacts

are based on detailed case

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

01971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010

m

illionUSD

Varieties Seed IPM

Figure 1. Net annual benefits from CIP technologies show that

returns on investment in CIPs research are significant, but

require sustained, long-term investments.


11/68International Potato Center Annual Report 2011

studies measuring the adoption of an array

of technologies developed by CIP and its

partners. In each case, the studies identify who

benefits from the use of the technology andwhere, the adoption profile, and the additional

total value that accrues from its use over time.

Since benefits accumulate over a long period

of time and the profile of benefits varies with

each technology, researchers apply a discount

when summing future benefits to calculate

the net present value of the investment.

Table 1 presents estimated returns on

investment for various CIP technologies bycrop and by region as documented in the

impact studies. For example, the most recent

study of varietal adoption in potatoes shows

that by 2008, CIP-related varieties covered over

one million hectares worldwide. Applying a

discount rate of 5% gives a net present value of

the investment in improved potato varieties of

more than $121 million.

The estimates in Table 1 are conservative. Notall success stories have been documented,

nor does all CIPs work lend itself to economic

measurements. CIPs role in the preservation

of biodiversity maintains options for

varietal change for future generations. CIPs

contributions to human capital development,

and to other livelihood assets such as physical

capital and improved social cohesion,

are undeniably important benefits. Butquantifying these additional gains entails

extensive research. Because impacts usually

occur outside the time frame of a standard

project, special attention needs to be given

to funding impact work and developing an

impact culture in the planning, funding, and

implementation of research programs.

The trend toward lower investment in long-

term global research initiatives, such as

breeding, threatens to compromise these

advances. Likewise, pressures from donors

to produce short-term results for targeted

programs are moving investment away

from up-stream research that may producethe biggest impacts in the longer run.

Impact studies have an important role in

demonstrating the value of this strategic

research, raising awareness and ensuring

continued donor investment.

Table 1. Impact studies and estimated net present value of investment ($millions)

Net benefits from CIP research

have exceeded $225 million for

the last 10 years.

Potato Cent. Africa ($27) Tunisia - ($21) Tunisia - ($64)

China ($11.9) India ($18) Peru ($1.8)

Peru ($5.4) Vietnam - 1 ($2.1) Peru ($0.06)

World ($121) Egypt ($2.9)

Vietnam - 2 ($5.1)

Sweetpotato Peru ($3.0) China ($550) Dom.Rep. ($1.1) (Sichuan-Starch, feed)

Cuba ($21.7) (Vietnam-feed)

Varieties Seed systems Integrated Crop Post-harvest utilization/

Management enterprise development



Stories



Christine Nashuru cuts the figure of a traditionalMaasai woman, tall and shy. She lives in the

Transmara District of Kenya, in the southwestern

Rift Valley Province. Christine did not access

formal education, but thanks to a CIP-led training

course, she has pioneered the production ofseed potato in her district. Christine sold over

10.3 tons of seed potato in 2010, worth over

US$4,000, and she is expecting more than 80

tons of seed from her 4 acres for 2011.

This is an unusual role for a Maasai woman. By

tradition, the pastoralist Maasai are consummate

cattle-herders. I hope your cattle are well, is a

standard greeting.

But potatoes are taking on increased importance

in Transmara District, and in the region more

broadly, with rising demand. Yields remain low,however, for many farmers who lack access

to quality seed or awareness of better seed

management practices.

In August 2009, Christine was selected to attend

a course on potato seed production held in

Nairobi and organized by CIP. The course focused

on the use of three-generation (3G) seed

multiplication strategy.

The 3G seed strategy is geared to producing

large numbers of minitubers, to be used as seed,

through very rapid multiplication. The point is to

yield suffi cient, high-quality potato seed morequickly than through conventional methods -

in three field generations, instead of the usual

seven required. The rapid multiplication means

production costs are lowered, and the risk of

pest or disease contamination is reduced.

CIP is leading 3G projects in Kenya, Rwanda,

and Uganda, with public and private partners.

SEEDS OF SUCCESSfor smallholder farmers in Kenya

15,000 African smallholder growers are reaping

higher yields and increased incomes thanks to

capacity strengthening and improved potato

production technologies.

Christine Nashuru (far left) is seen as a darling of the village and has trainedother Maasai women from her district on how to grow seed and ware potato.

a

CIPD.BORUS



The private sector collaboration is key toincreasing capacity and broadening adoption

of quality seed. It also helps accelerate the

availability of improved varieties that are more

adapted to local conditions and demands.

With increased adoption of the 3G strategy and

better management techniques, average yields

have increased by 20% for more than 15,000

smallholder potato growers.

As for Christine, she has never looked back.

Not only is she driving better seed production

in her district, she is also training other farmers

in her region, mostly women, to produce

better seed and ware potatoes. As one of her

trainees notes, Christine is now a darling of

the village; she is like light put on a hill forall to see her success. She has brought seed

to our doorstep and trained us in potato

production. We now feed our families with the

nutritive potatoes.

See: Video Seed for Change about the role

of potatoes in Africa at http://www.youtube.

com/watch?v=ZDdZN1_zibQ

The stories of success

Amon Mgendi, a potato farmer in the Taita

district of Kenya, has been practicing potato

farming for several decades. But his opportunity

to make it a lucrative business only presented

itself after the 3G training.

I started planting potatoes in 1984, says

Amon, but the problem was lack of quality

seed. For a long time I relied on potatoes fromthe local markets as seed. Many times it was

disastrous, as my crop was often damaged by

diseases. The training opened my eyes, and

now I can finance other projects with the proceeds from potatoes.

Amon has been planting about one acre of seed every season, garnering a net profit of about $600 (KSh.

50,000). More than 100 potato farmers have since benefited from his seed. Unlike his neighbors, whose

potato crop reeled under devastating effects of bacterial wilt and late blight in 2011, his farm stands out as

center of excellence. With the earning from his potatoes, Amon has started a retail shop and a posho mill

(for grinding wheat or maize into flour).

Christine and Amon are not alone. According to the district reports, there are approximately 60 trained

farmers working either individually or in groups who are now doing seed business in Kenya up from only20 when the project began.

Christine is now a darling of the

village; she is like light put on a hill

for all to see her success.

e

r

i

a

Amon Mgendi stands before his shop, built from the proceeds ofhis successful seed potato fields.

CIPV.GWINNERinclude men, too



SWEETPOTATOIN PERPETUITY:insurance for a changing world

A new agreement between CIP and the Global

Crop Diversity Trust is paving the way to support,

conserve, and make available sweetpotato

varieties today, and for the future.

The sweetpotato germplasm collection at CIPcomprises 7,777 accessions, including 4,615

landraces (native varieties), 1,984 breeding lines

(improved varieties), and 1,178 samples of wild

sweetpotato. They originate from Asia, Africa,

the Americas, and the Pacific Islands. It is the

largest and most diverse sweetpotato collection

in the world. The purpose of the collection is to

conserve living samples to ensure that genetic

resources are available now for use by farmers,

plant breeders, and researchers, and that they

are secure for the long term.

Sweetpotato is the potato of the tropics. It is a

tough crop, able to grow in high temperatures

and arid conditions with little demand for

either water or fertilizer. Sweet potato ranks

as the worlds seventh most important food

crop, principally because of its versatility and

adaptability.

The material preserved in CIPs genebank holds

great promise for the future. Sweetpotato

is thought to have much potential for yield

improvement, and the orange-fleshed varietiesare a highly effective food for combating

rampant vitamin A deficiency in Sub-Saharan

Africa and parts of Asia.

In 2007, sweetpotato experts from around the

world gathered at a CIP-organized workshop

in the Philippines to address the concern that

the precious biodiversity of sweetpotato could

be lost. There was clear agreement among

the participants of the need to regenerate

sweetpotato material, which was at risk of being

lost due to climate change, explains Genoveva

Rossel, sweetpotato curator for CIPs genebank.

The workshop led to an agreement, signed

in 2011, between CIP and the Global Crop

Diversity Trust to provide US$1 million over five

years from the Trust to support the sweetpotato

collection in CIPs genebank.

One of the principle functions of a genebank is

to duplicate and maintain clonal collections to

secure their conservation and use. The genetic

diversity they hold is critical for developing

varieties that can adapt to different needs

and preferences of producers and consumers,

and to the shifting pressures and conditions

associated with climate change.

The sweetpotato accessions are conserved in

the genebank both as seeds and as in vitro

plantlets. Cryopreservation is also used to

preserve plant material indefinitely. CIP is

collaborating with the Global Crop Diversity

Trust and researchers from six collaborating

countries to develop cryo-preservation

protocols, standardizing methodologies for long-

term preservation of sweetpotato accessions.

Sweetpotato specialists are a very collaborativegroup, here at CIP and globally, notes Rossel.

We work with colleagues across all parts of

CIP, whether its regarding the identification of

selected clones for improved varieties, analysis

of nutritional value and quality, genetic analysis,

or ensuring the distribution of clean material for

colleagues and institutions around the world.



Sweetpotato germplasm is conserved in CIPs genebank as in vitro plantlets, among other methods, to ensure its long term preservation,conservation, and availability.

CIPARCHIVES



RESISTANCE MAKES THE DIFFERENCEbetween having enough to eat or not

Two CIP-developed potato varieties were vital in

the face of natural disaster and the pressures of

climate change.

Excessive rains and an increased presence oflate blight disease have had devastating effects

in Andean regions reliant on potato for food,

nutrition, and income. When the Cusco region

Extreme weather events in the Andes, such as excessive rains and floods, are increasing the devastating effects of late blight disease,highlighting the importance and impact of disease-resistant varieties.

s

CIPS.DEHAAN

in the Andes



Effects of climate change are

making it so that formerly un-touched areas are falling victim

to the potatoes most feared dis-

ease, late blight, which is causing

more damage with each year.

released by INIA as Pallay Poncho and Puka

Lliclla.

The highlands of Peru are continuing toexperience heavier than average rains and

rising temperatures.

Effects of climate change are making it so

that formerly untouched areas are falling

victim to the potatoes most feared disease,

late blight, which is causing more damage

with each year, says CIP agronomist, Manuel

Gastelo. Investigation by CIP suggests

that small-scale farmers are not replacing

traditional varieties with improved ones.

Rather, as they are averse to risk, they grow

the improved varieties along with numerous

native ones as a sort of insurance against

disaster. So far, it is a strategy that seems to be

paying off.

The impact of late blight disease is visible in this Andeanpotato field.

of Peru was declared a national emergency

area due to flooding, it was largely thanks to

two CIP-developed late blight resistant potato

varieties, called Pallay Poncho and Puka Lliclla,

that the food security of local communitieswas preserved.

Under high stress conditions, the yield of

these two potatoes has been about 8-times

higher than any of the 150 native potato

varieties grown in the district, explains Stef de

Haan, CIP potato breeder. He adds, they have

made the difference between having enough

to eat, or not.

Under normal conditions, Pallay Poncho

and Puka Lliclla give yields of 15-16 tons per

hectare, compared to 5 tons per hectare with

the traditional native potatoes. In periods ofhigh late blight damage, the difference is even

greater. The yields hold up for the improved

varieties but drop to only around 2 tons per

hectare for the traditional varieties.

The first time that late blight began to wipe

out potato harvests at higher altitudes in

Peru was in 2003. CIP joined forces with the

Peruvian Ministry of Agriculture and Perus

National Institute of Agrarian Innovation (INIA)

to address the problem. Twenty clones from

CIP with expected late blight resistance went

through evaluation and participatory selectionwith the 200 families in the affected area.

After 5 years, the two clones with the best

properties were chosen. They were offi cially

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Root and tuber crops are really

underground treasures. Throughinnovative products, policies, and

capacity strengthening we can

make sure their bounty isnt wasted.

FoodSTART includes partners from key

national and regional research organizations,

CGIAR centers, and development partners in

the public, NGO, and private sectors. Target

countries include China, India, Indonesia,

Bangladesh, and the Philippines. There is an

emphasis on indigenous communities (including

ethnic minorities) and on women, as critical

stakeholders for reaching household food

security and nutrition objectives.

Priority locations are being determined through

mapping and comprehensive data analysis to

identify areas where reliance on root and tuber

crops overlaps with high incidences of poverty

and food insecurity. Forward-looking scenarios

are assessing potential impacts of technologicaland policy interventions regarding root and

tuber crops within the context of climate change

pressures. Another emphasis of the program

is on the versatility of root and tuber crops not

only for home production, consumption, and

sale but also as processed products and for use

as animal feed.

FoodSTART team partners launching the program in Pasig City, Philippines, June 17, 2011

Additional efforts are looking to boost the image

and use of these crops through communication

and knowledge sharing activities using media,

social media, and extension workers. Program

partners are also identifying root and tuber crop

champions among celebrities, chefs, and programstakeholders.

Root and tuber crops are really underground

treasures, concludes Campilan, through innovative

products, policies, and capacity strengthening we

can make sure their bounty isnt wasted. Hopefully,

FoodSTART will help jumpstart that effort.



SPEEDING BREEDINGto meet urgent needs in Mozambique

Fifteen drought-tolerant orange-fleshedsweetpotato (OFSP) varieties and seven new

potato varieties were released in Mozambique

in 2011 thanks to exciting approaches designed

to radically shorten the time it takes to develop

improved varieties.

We want to revolutionize conventional

breeding, using accelerated breeding and other

advanced breeding methods, explains Robert

Mwanga, a CIP sweetpotato breeder based inUganda.

With sweetpotato, the goal is to get much

needed OFSP to farmers more quickly to help

combat widespread vitamin A deficiency. CIP

scientists and partners are using a method

known as accelerated breeding to develop

varieties rich in beta-carotene (for vitamin

A) and suited to local needs, conditions, and

preferences. Accelerated breeding involves

rapid multiplication of new varieties using many

concurrent sites at early stages in the breeding

cycle. This compares to conventional methods

that use fewer sites over longer time periods,explains Maria Andrade, a CIP sweetpotato

breeder based in Mozambique. The method is

cutting by half the time needed to develop new

varieties.

The achievements are part of a program

emphasis on breeding in Africa, for Africa. We

are investing in the development of diverse

sweetpotato types that will provide national

programs with a wide range of parents

that have the preferred combination of

characteristics to use in their own breeding

programs, says Mwanga.

The goal regarding potato is to lessen

Mozambiques costly dependence on imported

seed, at a time when consumer demand for

potato is rising. With timely availability of seed

for well-adapted varieties, we can enhance

the sustainability and economics of potato

production in Mozambique, notes Dieudonne

Harahagazwe, a CIP seed system specialist

based in Malawi. In recent years, Mozambiques

government has been prioritizing food

security, including the adaptation of agricultural

regulations to fast track getting seeds to the field.

CIP also works with partners to help ensure

that new varieties actually reach smallholder

farmers and enter into production, market, and

consumption systems where their potential

impacts on peoples lives can be realized.

The release of multiple new varieties at once

not only helps end users, it also benefits

researchers. Usually, only one new variety

is released at a time, explains Merideth

Bonierbale, who leads CIPs global breeding

program, so there is little possibility to

understand why one variety spreads quickly

CIP is dramatically reducing the time it takes to

release new potato and sweetpotato varieties

with follow-up projects to ensure dissemination

and their availability to farmers.

We want to revolutionize conven-

tional breeding, using accelerated

breeding and other advanced

breeding methods.



CIPs Maria Andrade and Irene de Souza (USAID-retired), show off one of 15 newly released OFSP varieties inMozambique thanks to accelerated breeding methods.

while another does not. New varieties are all

subject to the same institutional procedures

and made available simultaneously to farmers

and end-users. We now have interesting

opportunities to study uptake pathways,

notes Bonierbale, we can collect and compare

information on aspects such as farmers and

consumers choices, other factors that can

determine varietal success, and the costs and

benefits of production.

CIPA.NAICO



A MAJOR BOOST FOR BIOFORTIFICATION:new use of NIRS technology revolutionizing

A key tool pioneered and applied at CIP saves

time and money in the hunt for vitamin- or

mineral-rich crop samples.

Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy maysound like a mouthful, but it represents a very

useful and low-cost method for estimating

concentrations of nutritional components

in crops. Known as NIRS, it is now being

used in a new way in CIPs Quality and

Nutrition Laboratory (QNLAB) that is radically

strengthening the biofortification program

and its potential impacts on combatting

malnutrition and its devastating consequences.

Biofortification uses breeding to increase levels

of nutrients such as iron, zinc, and vitamin A,

which occur naturally in staple food crops.

It is an effective and sustainable means for

addressing nutrient deficiencies and improving

health outcomes, particularly for malnourished

populations in remote areas.

NIRS was traditionally used to analyze

macronutrients such as protein, starch, and fat,

explains Thomas zum Felde, a CIP scientist who

pioneered the adaptation of NIRS technology

for evaluating critical micronutrients, such as

iron, zinc, and pro-vitamin A carotenoids. The

work is central to CIPs biofortification research

efforts, such as those aimed at boosting ironvalues in potato to address chronic anemia

in the Andes and for combating vitamin A

deficiency in Africa and Asia with orange-

fleshed sweetpotato varieties, among others.

Large numbers of samples must be analyzed

to identify those with naturally high nutrient

values that can be used for biofortification

breeding programs. NIRS provides a fast and

low cost solution.

With NIRS, CIP scientists can analyze

pro-vitamin A carotenoids, iron, zinc, protein,

starch, glucose, fructose, and sucrose in potatoand sweetpotato in less than two minutes for

a cost of only US$5. In comparison, chemical

analysis of pro-vitamin A carotenoids using

High Performance Liquid Chromatography

(HPLC) takes one hour at a cost of US$45 per

sample. Similarly, chemical analysis of mineral

content with Inductively Coupled Plasma

spectrometry (ICP) requires 20 minutes and

costs US$12 per sample.

Imagine the cost and time savings for

analyzing up to 40,000 samples annually that

breeding programs at CIP require, points out

Zum Felde.

Preparing samples for NIRS is also much

simpler than for chemical analysis, and it does

not require the use of chemical solvents. In

the last four years, CIPs Quality and Nutrition

Lab has evaluated more than 130,000

sweetpotato samples and over 6,000 potato

samples for breeding programs. The Lab has

also collaborated with HarvestPlus under the

umbrella of a NIRS feasibility study to evaluate

nutrients in crops such as maize, wheat, rice,

cassava, millet, and beans from other CGIAR

centers (CIAT, CIMMYT, ICRISAT, IITA, and IRRI).

Based in Lima, the Quality and Nutrition Lab

(QNLAB) is expanding its reach to create a

global NIRS network. In 2011, that network

began to facilitate the analysis of sweetpotato

samples in SubSaharan Africa, including

Uganda, Mozambique, and Ghana. Plans are to

expand the network to Rwanda and China.

food fortification efforts



Chiclayo

Haiti

Dominican Republic

Brazil

San RamnLa Molina

Caete

Nigeria

Kenya

Tanzania

MalawiMozambique

China

BangladeshIndia

Sri Lanka

Indonesia

Vietnam

NIRS 1 - master(CIP-Lima HQ)

1NIRS 2 - satellite

(NARO-Uganda)

NIRS 2

NIRS 3 - satellite

(CIP-Mozambique)

IRS 3

NIRS 6 - satellite

(CIP-Ghana)

IRS 6

NIRS 5 - satellite

(ISAR-Rwanda)

NIRS 4 - satellite

(CIP-China)

NIRS 4

Imagine the cost and time savings

for analyzing up to 40,000 samples

annually that breeding programs

at CIP require.

Future applications for NIRS may also include

the ability to assess different stress tolerances

in crops, since NIRS can detect and evaluate the

metabolites that plants produce when subjected

to stress condition.

We still have a lot of ideas to implement for

meeting the needs of research, concludes

Gabriele Burgos, who leads CIPs QNLAB. Our

vision is to be a worldwide reference laboratory

for micronutrient analysis of root and tuber and

other crops with a view to improving humanhealth, reducing poverty, and alleviating hidden

hunger.

Further information is available at: QNLAB -

www.cipotato.org/qnlab

Sweetpotato NIRS - network locations

Sweetpotato field trial locations



A DECADE OF PROPOOR INNOVATIONS:the Papa Andina experience

The programs participatory approaches have

generated innovations and unleashed the

potential of native potato for increasing and

diversifying incomes for small-scale Andean

farmers.

CIPC.FONSECA

Product innovations, such as this packaged chuo, havecome from Papa Andinas participatory methods linkingsmall-scale producers to high value market chains.

Selling native potatoes to the industry haschanged our lives says Victoriano Meza, a farmer

from Perus central Andes. It has meant additional

income to build a house for his family and equip

it with satellite internet so that my children can

learn quickly and get a better future. Mr. Meza is

one of thousands of small-scale Andean farmers

benefitting from a new boom in the market for

native potatoes, and from pro-poor innovations

to link them to the native potato market chain,

spearheaded by CIPs Papa Andina program.

Papa Andina is a CIP partnership program,

which works in collaboration with research

organizations, public partners, the private sector,

and NGOs. For over 10 years it has functioned

as an innovation broker in the Andean potato

sectors of Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador.

Product innovations from Papa Andina have

opened new market niches and brought higher

prices for farmers. Examples include award-

winning Tikapapa (bagged native potatoes),

packaged traditional dehydrated chuo,and native potato chips originally pioneered

through Papa Andinas Participatory Market

Chain Approach (PMCA) and taken up by large,

multi-national companies. By promoting the

integration of corporate social responsibility,

Papa Andina has helped ensure that the benefits

of corporate involvement reach small farmers

and are socially and environmentally sustainable.

Other Papa Andina results include new public

policies and practices to invest in the sector,

regulate product quality, and raise the profile

of native potatoes as a high-value product and

cultural asset. For example, the establishment

of an annual national potato day in Peru haselevated the native potato from poor mans

food to a point of national pride. Technological

innovations spearheaded by Papa Andina

range from improved seed systems for native

potatoes to the application of integrated crop

management techniques and improved post-

harvest management using simple processing

equipment.

The impacts of its projects and methods have

benefitted small-scale farmers and their families

directly. In Bolivia, new potato products sold to

supermarkets have enabled farmers to receive

3040 percent higher prices than in traditional

markets. The innovation network in Ecuador

(Plataforma) has enabled farmers to raise yields

by 33 percent, improving input:output ratios

by 20 percent, resulting in a fourfold increase in

gross margins per hectare.



Selling native potatoes to industry is changing lives and creating new opportunities for smallholder Andean farmers, and their families.

With more than 700,000 farming families

working in the Andean potato sector, the

indirect impacts are likely to be far greater, not

only regarding incomes but also in terms of

cultural, social, and personal assets. As notes

farmer Nolberta Inostroza, Now I produce and

sell with less work, earn more, and take pride in

sharing the native potatoes that I take care of, as

my ancestors did before me.

Added to these are further collateral benefits

to farming communities and parallel sectors

stemming from the boom in demand. In fact,

demand is so strong that in spite of increasing

supplies, prices for fresh and processed native

potato products continue to rise.

Designed for the Andean context, the Papa

Andina tools and methods also have been

applied successfully elsewhere. For example,

the Participatory Market Chain Approach has

been adapted to train and connect farmers tosweetpotato or potato market chains in Africa

and Asia, and to vegetable, milk, and coffee

value chains in Latin America.

The legacies of Papa Andina are particularly

important as it faces its next decades. June

2011 marked the close out of the original Papa

Andina Program, with a new iteration beginning

in a broader context of food security across the

Andean highlands. Its reach is expanding to

include Colombia and Venezuela, along with the

original targets of Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia.

Andr Devaux, who has led Papa Andina,concludes: Papa Andina has become a

working model, even a philosophy, which will

live on beyond the program itself. The model

has created a horizontal space for effective

interactions among diverse partners to better

articulate research and development and to

better address needs and improve livelihoods for

small producers.

Now I produce and sell with less

work, earn more, and take pride in

sharing the native potatoes that

I take care of, as my ancestors did

before me.


28/68



orientation to smallholder producers can spur

innovation and create greater linkages to value

market chains.

For farmers to link with markets, they need to

learn not only to produce, but to produce for

the market, says Dindo Campilan, CIPs Regional

Leader for South West and Central Asia, who has

helped introduce Farmer Business Schools in his

region.

Campilans insights are based on work

conducted by CIP to introduce innovations for

improving on-farm productivity, postharvest

value addition, and market development. The

Farmer Business School approach, being piloted

in Indonesia, takes marketing as a starting point

for determining what, how, and for whom to

produce. It combines methodological elements

of the Participatory Market Chain Approach

developed by CIPs Papa Andina Program to

increase innovation and market access for native

potato farmers in the Andes with farmer field

school and business learning approaches.

Successstory:

Ida Rosida of West Java,

Indonesia, participated in the

farmer business school training

with the hope of enhancing

her meager household income.

She is now a full-time potato

processing entrepreneur.

Her specialized potato chips

feature the intact potato skin

and come in new varieties,

based on consumer and retailer

suggestions. They are marketed under the brand, Cumelly, which was an

innovation of the farmer business school initiative.

Farmer business schools provide a group-based

and participatory learning environment for

smallholder farmers to foment marketing ideas,

conduct small-scale experiments for improvingcrop quality and production, and pick up business

skills. They learn to develop a business plan, use

market analysis tools, and meet with market chain

stakeholders such as industry representatives.

Participants also pick up knowledge and

strategies for handling supply chain issues.

Another benefit of the Farmer Business School

model is that it serves to support farming

communities in using local resources such as

crop genetic diversity and traditional know-how

for selling products to elite urban consumers and

supermarkets.

Business skills of negotiation and strategy play a

key role, too. Successful farm business requires

the capacity not only for technological change

but also for nurturing relationships among

market chain actors based on trust, collaboration,

and coordination.

CIPARCHIVES



COW CAFETERIA:using sweetpotato as animal feed

Lessons from CIPs work in Asia are being applied

to improve options for livestock and dairy farmers

in East Africa

Youre a livestock specialist, what are youdoing working with sweetpotato? Ben Lukuyu

laughs as he describes this typical reaction from

his colleagues at the International Livestock

Research Institute (ILRI) in Nairobi, where he

works with the multi-partner East African

Dairy Development (EADD) project. But it is

sweetpotatos highly promising potential as an

animal feed that interests Lukuyu, and has him

teaming up with Sammy Agili, a CIP sweetpotato

breeder and other public and private partners

in East Africa. Their goal: to better exploit

sweetpotatos potential as a healthy and easily

available livestock feed.

Two decades ago, CIP conducted similar research

testing varieties of livestock forage using

sweetpotato in countries such as Vietnam and

China. Results showed that mixtures based on

easily available resources were a clear formula

for success: The pigs are growing faster, their

skins are shinier and best of all, it takes a lot less

time to prepare feed for them, was a comment

from farmer Ta Van Hien in Pho Yen Province

in 1999. More recently, a CIP project in Papua-

Indonesia using sweetpotato-based formulas

as pig feed showed positive impacts on farmersincomes and on other livelihood indicators, such

as human capital, social cohesion, and physical

structures.

We are drawing on CIPs many years of

experience in Asia, where they successfully use

sweetpotato in livestock systems, says Lukuyu.

In China, 25-30% of sweetpotato crops are used

for animal feed. Such work is particularly

relevant in East Africa, which has the

highest per capita consumption of livestock

products (e.g., dairy cattle, pig, and goats for

meat and milk) of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

The project is part of CIPs SweetpotatoAction for Security and Health in Africa

(SASHA) initiative, which aims to reposition

sweetpotato in food economies of SSA to

alleviate poverty and undernutrition.

Currently, smallholder livestock and dairy

producers in East Africa face increasing

feed costs and challenges. High population

pressures have increased the competition

for grains as food or livestock feed. Major

shortages occur during the dry season, and

quality feed concentrates demand a price

many cannot afford. Napier grass, which is

used in Kenya as a primary feed for dairy

farming, requires significant allocations of

land and is currently suffering from a major

outbreak of a disease called head smut and

stunt.

Increased use and production of

sweetpotato may provide a solution.

Sweetpotato vines offer more protein and

dry matter per unit area and require less

land than other staple livestock feeds.

Sweetpotato roots that are too small for

human consumption or sale also make good

feed.

CIP and EADD are working directly with

pig and dairy farmers in Kenya, Rwanda,

and Uganda. They are guiding adaptive

participatory research to test the feasibility

and business case for using sweetpotato

vines as silage and leaf protein supplements.

On-station and farm-based experiments

I

.

r

g

a

l

t

r

in East Africa



Smallholder livestock and dairy producers in East Africa face increasing feed costs and challenges. Sweetpotato mayprovide a solution.

are testing low-cost silage-making techniques

and different blends using roots, vines, and

other feeds. They are also trying varieties under

different cropping regimes and analyzing

nutritional components under varyingconditions.

We like to call it the cow cafeteria, explains

Lukuyu. We want to give farmers options for

mixing sweetpotato vines and roots with locally

available feed resources and come up with

feeding strategies to best respond to their needsand demands.

ILRI



ONE SYSTEM, MANY GAINSfrom a common CGIAR corporate

CIP is joining eight other CGIAR Centersand the Consortium Offi ce to integrate their

diverse project, financial, and human resource

management systems into a common corporate

platform, known as One Corporate System

(OCS). The move is expected to create an

automated and interconnected system that will

boost effi ciencies, support greater cross-Center

coordination, and result in better investments of

donor funding.

OCS is a Center-driven initiative. CIP was an

early proponent of the project, recognizing

the economic and organizational gains to be

derived from adopting a joint system. Current

calculations suggest that each participating

Center is saving approximately US$500,000

by implementing a common platform

and purchasing a system jointly instead of

individually. And there are significant annual

savings in equipment and maintenance costs

associated with using a commonly hosted

infrastructure.

Research and administrative teams from

numerous Centers have invested considerable

time and effort over several years to identify

needs, align terminology, and analyze processes

and requirements in preparation for the new

system. In 2011, they devoted weeks to face-

to-face workshops and reviews, along with

multiple conference calls and remote meetings

to compare processes, test proposals and

prototypes, and prepare for implementation.

OCS is already recognized as a model of CGIAR

collaboration. But it is also unconventional

and complex, notes Carlos Alonso, CIPs

Executive Director for Strategy and Corporate

Development, who has been spearheading the

project for CIP and coordinating much of the

collaboration with other Centers.

Culling through the details of the system

prototypes and design specifications has

required enormous commitment, patience, and

compromise from all the parties involved. The

process has not been without its frustrations.

OCS involves 10 institutions scattered around

the world, with 10 different corporate cultures,

diverse cultural backgrounds, and locations

across many time zones, notes Alonso. But

what makes this effort unique is that we are all

inspired by a shared vision of doing things better

and a common purpose to make OCS a success,

he concludes.

Finalization of the OCS design, reconciliation of

Center systems to the common one (known as

localization), training, and implementation of

the new system are slated to begin in 2012 for

a first group of participating Centers. CIP will

be among the initial implementers, along with

the Consortium Offi ce and the International

platform

n

TE

One Corporate System represents a whole new

level of collective action and transformative

change that will vastly increase collaboration,

information sharing, and effi ciencies across the

CGIAR Centers and Research Programs.



Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Joining in a

second phase will be WorldFish, AfricaRice, the

International Center for Agricultural Research

in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), the International

Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), and the

World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), followed by

Bioversity International and the International

Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT).

IITANigeria

CIFORIndonesia

IWMISri Lanka

ICRISATIndia

IFPRIUSA

CIMMYTMexico

CIPPeru

CIATColombia

BIOVERSITYINTERNATIONALItaly

AFRICA RICEBenin

ILRI

Kenya

WORLDAGROFORESTRY

CENTREKenya

IRRI

Philippines

WORLDFISHMalaysia

ICARDASyria

CONSORTIUMOFFICEFrance

orwar - ng

center

Centers

comm tte

processothers

n finance

mutp

once ve

center- r ven

develo mentwider

vac rat on

m t oconce n

engage

O ce

rectors groupect

sys m

nnces

managemen

-cen

s port designeuma resourc

ad ativ e t ona

One

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orporat

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elo

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utomated

initiaticross

I


34/68



centers involved in the Roots, Tuber, and

Banana research program - CIP, Bioversity

International, the International Center for

Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), and the International

Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA).

Incorporating stakeholder perspectives in

international agricultural research: the case of the

CGIAR Research Program for Roots, Tubers and

Bananas for Food Security and Incomeprovides an

instructive case-study of successful stakeholder

consultation. It describes the process used to

engage stakeholders and incorporate their

feedback into program design, with lessons learned

and experiences that can serve others looking to

replicate, adapt, or build upon this example.

This document not only offers insights on how

stakeholder consultation can effectively flag

important priorities in the project design phase,

but also what methods worked best in achieving

quality interaction, says Graham Thiele, leader

of CIPs Social and Health Sciences Division, who

formed part of the intercenter group leading the

design of the program proposal.

One interesting finding of the case-study regards

the effectiveness of different methods for

gathering stakeholder input. To be as inclusive

as possible with limited time and money,

stakeholder input was gathered via regional

workshops, on-line surveys, and one-on-oneinterviews, for a total of over 200 participants.

Among those methods, the on-line surveys

proved to be surprisingly agile and effective for

gathering and integrating responses in real time,

including new ideas. They garnered feedback

from 150 respondents, with detailed responses

which were in many cases quite novel, thoughtful,

and highly useful for the program proposal.

This comment from the leader of an international

NGO in Africa gives a flavor: Roots, tubers, and

The perspectives of different stake-

holders raised our ability to reflect

a more integral understanding of

challenges and opportunities.

bananas are not usually well positioned within

agricultural extension, as decision makers

do not have a full appreciation of their true

importance. Quality data on true level of

production, perhaps through remote-sensingmethodologies, is an essential starting point.

Input from stakeholders served to reaffi rm

the importance of core components of the

program, and also shed further light on

cross-cutting issues, such as gender, climate

change, knowledge sharing, and capacity

strengthening.

The perspectives of different stakeholders

raised our ability to reflect a more

integral understanding of challenges and

opportunities. It makes the program planningmore grounded, and ultimately more likely

to achieve objectives that will result in real

development impacts, explains Vincent

Johnson of Bioversity, who led the consultation

taskforce. Without this perspective, we could

never have delivered a convincing program

proposal within the deadline, he concludes.

Incorporating stakeholder perspectives is available online at:http://cipotato.org/cipotato/publications/pdf/005751.pdf

ISSN 0256-8748Social Sciences

Working PaperNo.2011-3

WorkingPaper

2011-3

Incorporating stakeholder perspectivesin international agricultural research: thecase of the CGIAR Research Program forRoots, Tubers and Bananas for FoodSecurity and Income

Jonathan Woolley,V incent B. Johnson, Bernardo Ospin a,

Berga Lemaga,Tania Jordan,Gary Harrison,Graham Thiele


36/68



Outputs2011



Adda, C.; Atachi, P.; Hell, K.; Tamo, M. 2011. Potential use of the bushmint, Hyptis suaveolens, for the controlof infestation by the pink stalk borer, Sesamia calamistis, on maize in southern Benin, West Africa. Journal

of Insect Science. ISSN 1536-2442. 11:13 p.

Attaluri, S.; Sangakkara, U.R.; Costa, W.A.J.M. de. 2011. Physiological adaptability of sweetpotato (Ipomoeabatatas) genotypes as influenced by seasons with emphasis on orange-fleshed sweetpotato. Indian Journalof Agricultural Sciences. (India). ISSN 0019-5022. 81(1):33-37.

Attaluri, S.; Sangakkara, U.R.; Costa, W.A.J.M. De. 2011. Stability analysis for yield in sweetpotato (Ipomoeabatatas) genotypes with special reference to orange-fleshed sweetpotato. Indian Journal of Agricultural

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Blandon-Diaz, J.U.; Forbes, G.A.; Andrade-Piedra, J.L.; Yuen, J.E. 2011. Assessing the adequacy of the

simulation model LATEBLIGHT under Nicaraguan conditions. Plant Disease. (USA). ISSN 0191-2917.95(7):839-846.

Buytaert, W.; Cuesta-Camacho, F.; Tobon, C. 2011. Potential impacts of climate change on theenvironmental services of humid tropical alpine regions. Global Ecology and Biogeography. (UK). ISSN

1466-822X. 20(1):19-33.

Cavatassi, R.; Gonzales-Flores, M.; Winters, P.; Andrade-Piedra, J.; Espinosa, P.; Thiele, G.2011. Linking

smallholders to the new agricultural economy: The case of the Plataformas de Concertacion in Ecuador.Journal of Development Studies. (UK). ISSN 0022-0388. 47(10):1545-1573.

Cervantes-Flores, J.C.; Sosinski, B.; Pecota, K.V.; Mwanga, R.O.M.; Catignani, G.L.; Truong, V.D.; Watkins, R.H.;

Ulmer, M.R.; Yencho, G.C. 2011. Identification of quantitative trait loci for dry-matter, starch, and -carotene

content in sweetpotato. Molecular Breeding. (Netherlands). ISSN 1380-3743. 28(2):201-216.

Cole, D.C.; Orozco, F.; Pradel, W.; Surquillo, J.; Mera, X.; Chacon, A.; Prain, G.; Wanigaratne, S.; Leah, J.2011. An agriculture and health inter-sectorial research process to reduce hazardous pesticide health

impacts among smallholder farmers in the Andes. BMC International Health and Human Rights. (UK). ISSN

1472-698X. 11(Suppl 2):S6.

Cole, D.C.; Orozco, F.A.; Ibrahim, S.; Wanigaratne, S. 2011. Community and household socioeconomicfactors associated with pesticide-using, small farm household members health: a multi-level, longitudinal

analysis. International Journal for Equity in Health. (UK). ISSN 1475-9276. 10(54):10 p.

Cuellar, W.J.; Cruzado, R.; Fuentes, S.; Untiveros, M.; Soto, M.; Kreuze, J.F.2011. Sequence

characterization of a Peruvian isolate of sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus: Further variability and a modelfor p22 acquisition. Virus Research. (Netherlands). ISSN 0168-1702. 157(1):111-115.

Cuellar, W.J.; Souza, J. de.; Barrantes, I.; Fuentes, S.; Kreuze, J.F.2011. Distinct cavemoviruses interactsynergistically with sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (genus Crinivirus) in cultivated sweet potato. Journal

of General Virology. (UK). ISSN 0022-1317. 92(5):1233-1243.

CIP STAFFPublications 2011

Journals Articles



De Souza, J.; Cuellar, W.J.2011. Sequence analysis of the replicase gene of sweet potato caulimo-like

virus suggests that this virus is a distinct member of the genus Cavemovirus. Archives of Virology. (Austria).ISSN 0304-8608. 156(3):535-537.

Fonseca, C.; Huarachi, E.; Ordinola, M.2011. [A technological innovation experience for artisan

production of dehydrated potato: Tunta]. Una experiencia de innovacion y difusion en la produccionartesanal de la papa deshidratada: Tunta. Revista Latinoamericana de la Papa. (Colombia). ISSN 1019-6609.16(1):99-125.

Garrett, K.A.; Forbes, G.A. ; Savary, S.; Skelsey, P.; Sparks, A.H.; Valdivia, C.; Bruggen, A.H.C. van.; Willocquet,L.; Djurle, A.; Duveiller, E.; Eckersten, H.; Pande, S.; Vera Cruz, C.; Yuen, J. 2011. Complexity in climate-change

impacts: an analytical framework for effects mediated by plant disease. Plant Pathology. (UK). ISSN 0032-0862.60(1):15-30.

Gibbs, M.; Bailey, K.B.; Lander, R.D.; Fahmida, U.; Perlas, L.; Hess, S.Y.; Loechl, C.U.; Winichagoon, P.; Gibson,R.S. 2011. The adequacy of micronutrient concentrations in manufactured complementary foods from low-

income countries. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. (USA). ISSN 0889-1575. 24(3):418-426.

Gibson, R.W.; Mpembe, I.; Mwanga, R.O.M.2011. Benefits of participatory plant breeding (PPB) as

exemplified by the first-ever offi cially released PPB-bred sweet potato cultivar. Journal of AgriculturalScience. (UK). ISSN 0021-8596. 149(5):625-632.

Gildemacher, P.R.; Schulte-Geldermann, E.S.; Borus, D.; Demo, P. ; Kinyae, P.; Mundia, P.; Struik, P.C. 2011.

Seed potato quality improvement through positive selection by smallholder farmers in Kenya. Potato

Research. (Netherlands). ISSN 0014-3065. 54(3):253-266.

Gonzales, L.; Nino, L.; Gastelo, M.; Suarez, F. 2011. [Evaluation and selection of potato clones for theirresistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) in Merida State, Venezuela]. Evaluacion y seleccion de

clones de papa con resistencia a candelilla tardia en el estado Merida, Venezuela. Revista Latinoamericana

de la Papa. (Colombia). ISSN 1019-6609. 16(1):142-150.

Goss, E.M.; Cardenas, M.E.; Myers, K.; Forbes, G.A.; Fry, W.E.; Restrepo, S.; Grunwald, N.J. 2011. The plant

pathogen Phytophthora andina emerged via hybridization of an unknown Phytophthora species and theIrish potato famine pathogen, P. infestans. PLoS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 6(9):e24543.

Guberman, J.M.; Ai, J.; Arnaiz, O.; Baran, J.; Blake, A.; Baldock, R.; Chelala, C.; Croft, D.; Cros, A.; Cutts, R.J.;

Genova, A. Di; Forbes, S.; Fujisawa, T.; Gadaleta, E.; Goodstein, D.M.; Gundem, G.; Haggarty, B.; Haider, S.;

Hall, M.; Harris, T.; Haw, R.; Hu, S.; Hubbard, S.; Hsu, J.; Iyer, V.; Jones, P.; Katayama, T.; Kinsella, R.; Kong, L.;Lawson, D.; Liang, Y.; Lopez-Bigas, N.; Luo, J.; Lush, M.; Mason, J.; Moreews, F.; Ndegwa, N.; Oakley, D.; Perez

Llamas, C.; Primig, M.; Rivkin, E.; Rosanoff, S.; Shepherd, R.; Simon, R.; Skarnes, D.; Smedley, D.; Sperling, L.;Spooner, W.; Stevenson, P.; Stone, K.; Teague, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, J.X.; Whitty, B.; Wong, D.T.; Wong-Erasmus,

M.; Yao, L.; Youens-Clark, K.; Yung, C.; Zhang, J.; Kasprzyk, A. 2011. BioMart Central Portal: An open databasenetwork for the biological community. Database. ISSN 1758-0463. 40(D1):D1077-D1081.

Hell, K.; Mutegi, C. 2011. Aflatoxin control and prevention strategies in key crops of Sub-Saharan Africa.African Journal of Microbiology Research. ISSN 1996-0808. 5(5):459-466.

Honfo, F.G.; Hell, K.; Akissoe, N.; Hounhouigan, J.; Fandohan, P. 2011. Effect of storage conditions onmicrobiological and physicochemical quality of shea butter. Journal of Food Science and Technology.

(India). ISSN 0022-1155. 48(3):274-279.

Horton, D.; Thiele, G.; Oros, R.; Andrade-Piedra, J.; Velasco, C.; Devaux, A. 2011. Knowledge management

for pro-poor innovation: The Papa Andina case. Knowledge Management for Development Journal. ISSN1947-4199. 7(1):65-83.

Ierna, A.; Tenorio, J.2011. Effects of pre-sowing treatment on plant emergence and seedling vigour in true

potato seed. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. ISSN 1462-0316. 86(5):467-472.

Khazaie, H.; Mohammady, S.; Monneveux, P.; Stoddard, F. 2011. The determination of direct and indirect

effects of carbon isotope discrimination () stomatal characteristics and water use effi ciency on grain yield


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virus species involved in Cassava brown streak disease. Molecular Plant Pathology. (UK). ISSN 1464-6722.

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Quiroz, R.; Yarleque, C.; Posadas, A.; Mares, V.; Immerzeel, W.W. 2011. Improving daily rainfall estimation

from NDVI using a wavelet transform. Environmental Modelling & Software. (Netherlands). ISSN 1364-8152.

26(2):201-209.

Rana, R.K.; Sharma Neeraj, K.; Kadian, M.S.; Girish, B.H.; Arya, S.; Campilan, D.; Pandey, S.K.; Carli, C.; Patel,

N.H.; Singh, B.P. 2011. Perception of Gujarat farmers on heat-tolerant potato varieties. Potato Journal.

(India). ISSN 0970-8235. 38(2):121-129.

Rios, A.A.; Kroschel, J.2011. Evaluation and implications of Andean potato weevil infestation sourcesfor its management in the Andean region. Journal of Applied Entomology. (Germany). ISSN 0931-2048.

135(10):738-748.

Roullier, C.; Rossel, G.; Tay, D.; McKey, D.; Lebot, V. 2011. Combining chloroplast and nuclear microsatellites

to investigate origin and dispersal of New World sweet potato landraces. Molecular Ecology. (UK). ISSN0962-1083. 20(19):3963-3977.

Savary, S.; Nelson, A.; Sparks, A.H.; Willocquet, L.; Duveiller, E.; Mahuku, G.; Forbes, G.; Garrett, K.A.; Hodson,

D.; Padgham, J.; Pande, S.; Sharma, M.; Yuen, J.; Djurle, A. 2011. International agricultural research tacklingthe effects of global and climate changes on plant diseases in the developing world. Plant Disease. (USA).ISSN 0191-2917. 95(10):1204-1216.

Scott, G.J.; Suarez, V.2011. Growth rates for potato in India and their implications for industry. PotatoJournal. (India). ISSN 0970-8235. 38(2):100-112.

Segnini, A.; Posadas, A.; Quiroz, R.; Milori, D.M.B.P.; Vaz, C.M.P.; Neto, L.M. 2011. Soil carbon stocks andstability across an altitudinal gradient in southern Peru. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. (USA). ISSN

0022-4561. 66(4):213-220.

Sharma, N.; Kumar, P.; Kadian, M.S.; Pandey, S.K.; Singh, S.V.; Luthra, S.K. 2011. Performance of potato

(Solanum tuberosum) clones under water stress. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. (India). ISSN 0019-5022. 81(9):825-829.

Silvestre, R.; Untiveros, M.; Cuellar, W.J.2011. First report of potato yellowing virus (Genus Ilarvirus) inSolanum phureja from Ecuador. Plant Disease. (USA). ISSN 0191-2917. 95(3):355.

Simon, R.; Fuentes, A.F.; Spooner, D.M. 2011. Biogeographic implications of the striking discovery of a

4,000 kilometer disjunct population of the wild potato Solanum morelliforme in South America. SystematicBotany. (USA). ISSN 0363-6445. 36(4):1062-1067.

Sparks, A.H.; Forbes, G.A.; Hijmans, R.J.; Garrett, K.A. 2011. A metamodeling framework for extending theapplication domain of process-based ecological models. Ecosphere. (USA). ISSN 2150-8925. 2(8):14 p.

Temme, A.J.A.M.; Claessens, L.; Veldkamp, A.; Schoorl, J.M. 2011. Evaluating choices in multi-processlandscape evolution models. Geomorphology. (Netherlands). ISSN 0169-555X. 125(2):271-281.

Thiele, G.; Devaux, A.; Reinoso, I.; Pico, H.; Montesdeoca, F.; Pumisacho, M.; Andrade-Piedra, J.; Velasco,

C.; Flores, P.; Esprella, R.; Thomann, A.; Manrique, K.; Horton, D. 2011. Multi-stakeholder platforms for

linking small farmers to value chains: Evidence from the Andes. International Journal of AgriculturalSustainability. (UK). ISSN 1473-5903. 9(3):423-433.

Tumwegamire, S.; Kapinga, R.; Rubaihayo, P.R.; LaBonte, D.R.; Gruneberg, W.J.; Burgos, G.; Felde, T.

zum.; Carpio, R.; Pawelzik, E.; Mwanga, R.O.M.2011. Evaluation of dry matter, protein, starch, sucrose,

-carotene, Iron, Zinc, Calcium, and Magnesium in East African sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam]germplasm. HortScience. (USA). ISSN 0018-5345. 46(3):348-357.

Tumwegamire, S.; Rubaihayo, P.R.; LaBonte, D.R.; Diaz, F.; Kapinga, R.; Mwanga, R.O.M.;Gruneberg,

W.J.2011. Genetic diversity in white- and orange-fleshed sweetpotato farmer varieties from East Africa

evaluated by simple sequence repeat markers. Crop Science. (USA). ISSN 0011-183X. 51(3):1132-1142.



Vimala, B.; Sreekanth, A.; Binu, H.; Gruneberg, W.2011. Variability in 42 orange-fleshed sweet potato

hybrids for tuber yield and carotene and dry matter content. Gene Conserve. (Brazil). ISSN 1808-1878.10(41):190-200.

Xu, X.; Pan, P.; Cheng, S.; Zhang, B.; Mu, D.; Ni, P.; Zhang, G.; Yang, S.; Li, R.; Wang, J.; Orjeda, G.; Guzman, F.;

Torres, M.; Lozano, R.; Ponce, O.; Martinez, D.; Cruz, G. de la.; Chakrabarti, S.K.; Patil, V.U.; Skryabin, K.G.;Kuznetsov, B.B.; Ravin, N.V.; Kolganova, T.V.; Beletsky, A.V.; Mardanov, A.V.; Genova, A.D.; Bolser, D.M.;Martin, D.M.A.; Li, G.; Yang, Y.; Kuang, H.; Hu, Q.; Xiong, X.; Bishop, G.J.; Sagredo, B.; Mejia, N.; Zagorski, W.;

Gromadka, R.; Gawor, J.; Szczesny, P.; Huang, S.; Zhang, Z.; Liang, C.; He, J.; Li, Y.; He, Y.; Xu, J.; Zhang, Y.; Xie, B.;Du, Y.; Qu, D.;Bonierbale, M.; Ghislain, M.; Herrera, M.R.; Giuliano, G.; Pietrella, M.; Perrotta, G.; Facella, P.;

OBrien, K; Feingold, S.E.; Barreiro, L.E.; Massa, G.A.; Diambra, L.; Whitty, B.R.; Vaillancourt, B.; Lin, H.; Massa,

A.N.; Geoffroy, M.; Lundback, S.; DellaPenna, D.; Buell, R.; Sharma, S.K.; Marshall, D.F.; Waugh, R.; Bryan, G.J.;Destefanis, M.; Nagy, I.; Milbourne, D.; Thomson, S.J.; Fiers, M.; Jacobs, J.M.E.; Nielsen, K.L.; Sonderkaer, M.;

Iovene, M.; Torres, G.A.; Jiang, J.; Veilleux, R.E.; Bachem, C.W.B.; Boer, J. de.; Borm, T.; Kloosterman, B.; Eck, H.van.; Datema, E.; Lintel Hekkert, B. te.; Goverse, A.; Ham, R.C.H.J. van.; Visser, R.G.F. 2011. Genome sequence

and analysis of the tuber crop potato. Nature. (USA). ISSN 0028-0836. 475(7355):189-195.

Yada, B.; Tukamuhabwa, P.; Alajo, A.; Mwanga, R.O.M.2011. Field evaluation of Ugandan sweetpotato

germplasm for yield, dry matter and disease resistance. South African Journal of Plant and Soil. (South

Africa). ISSN 0257-1862. 28(2):142-146.

Zuniga, N.; Cabrera, H.; Gastelo, M.; Haan, S. de.; Cabello, R.; Pacheco, M.A. 2011. Avances demejoramiento genetico de papa en la ultima decada en Peru. AgroInnova. (Peru). 2(6):22-23.

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Alcazar, J.; Baimey, H.; Kroschel, J.2011. Patogenicidad de aislamientos nativos de nematodos

entomopatogenos procedentes de la region andina. In: Sociedad Entomologica del Peru (SEP), Lima.

Resumenes. 53. Convencion Nacional de Entomologia. Lima (Peru). 7-10 Nov 2011. Lima (Peru). SEP;Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. ISBN 978-612-46103-0-1. p. 13. ISSN 2225-362.

Andrade Piedra, J.; Reinoso, J.; Ayala, S.(eds). 2011. Memorias del IV Congreso Ecuatoriano de la Papa.

Guaranda (Ecuador) 28-30 Jun 2011. Guaranda (Ecuador). Gobierno Autonomo Descentralizado del canton

Guaranda; Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Acuacultura y Pesca; Universidad Estatal de Bolivar; INIAP;Consorcio de la Papa; FAO; Fondo Ecuatoriano Populorum Progressio; Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP).

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Arimod, M.; Hawkes, C.; Ruel, M.T.; Sifri, Z.; Berti, P.R.; Leroy, J.L.; Low, J.W.; Brown, L.R.; Frongillo, E.A. 2011.

Agricultural interventions and nutrition: Lessons from the past and new evidence. In: Thompson, B.Amoroso, L. (eds). Combating micronutrient deficiencies: Food-based approaches. Oxfordshire (UK). CAB

International; FAO. ISBN 978-1-84593-714-0. pp. 41-75.

Ashby, J.; Heinrich, G.; Burpee, G.; Remington, T.; Ferris, S.; Wilson, K.; Quiros, C. 2011. Preparing groups

of poor farmers for market engagement: Five key skill sets. In: Batiano, A. Waswa, B. Okeyo, J.M. Maina, F.Kihara, J. (eds). Innovations as key to the Green Revolution in Africa: Exploring the scientific facts. Dordrecht

(Germany). Springer. ISBN 978-90-481-2541-8. v. 1. pp. 103-111.

Bievre, B. de; Calle, T.2011. El manejo del paramo y los limites para el cultivo de papas: Algunas

reflexiones desde la experiencia del proyecto Paramo Andino. In: Andrade Piedra, J. Reinoso, J. Ayala,S. (eds). Memorias. 4. Congreso Ecuatoriano de la Papa. Guaranda (Ecuador) 28-30 Jun 2011. Guaranda

(Ecuador). Gobierno Autonomo Descentralizado del canton Guaranda; Ministerio de Agricultura,Ganaderia, Acuacultura y Pesca; Universidad Estatal de Bolivar; INIAP; Consorcio de la Papa; FAO; Fondo

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Kroschel, J.; Caedo, V.; Alcazar, J.; Miethbauer, T.2011. Manejo de plagas de la papa en la region

andina del Peru. Lima (Peru). Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP). ISBN 978-92-9060-409-9. 85 p. Guia deCapacitacion.

Kroschel, J.; Sporleder, M.; Juarez, H.; Tonnang, H.; Carhuapoma, P.; Gonzales, J.C.2011. Como el

cambio climatico afectara la distribucion y abundancia de la polilla de la papa: Un analisis utilizandomodelos fenologicos y sistemas de informacion geograficas. In: Sociedad Entomologica del Peru (SEP),Lima. Resumenes. 53. Convencion Nacional de Entomologia. Lima (Peru). 7-10 Nov 2011. Lima (Peru). SEP;

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. ISBN 978-612-46103-0-1. p. 23. ISSN 2225-362.

Kroschel, J.; Alcazar, J.; Caedo, V.; Miethbauer, T.; Zegarra, O. 2011. Introduccion y difusion de un

nuevo manejo integrado de plagas de la papa en la sierra central del Peru. In: Sociedad Entomologica delPeru (SEP), Lima. Resumenes. 53. Convencion Nacional de Entomologia. Lima (Peru). 7-10 Nov 2011. Lima

(Peru). SEP; Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. ISBN 978-612-46103-0-1. p. 31. ISSN 2225-362.

Kwambai, T.K.; Omunyin, M.E.; Okalebo, J.R.; Kinyua, Z.M.; Gildemacher, P.2011. Assessment of potato

bacterial wilt disease status in North Rift Valley of Kenya: A survey. In: Batiano, A. Waswa, B. Okeyo, J.M.Maina, F. Kihara, J. (eds). Innovations as key to the Green Revolution in Africa: Exploring the scientific facts.

Dordrecht (Germany). Springer. ISBN 978-90-481-2541-8. v. 1. pp. 449-456.

Maila, G.; Taipe, A.; Forbes, G.; Andrade Piedra, J.2011. Validacion del simulador de epidemias late blight

LB2004 con clones precoces y resistentes de papa (Solanum tuberosum). In: Andrade Piedra, J. Reinoso,J. Ayala, S. (eds). Memorias. 4. Congreso Ecuatoriano de la Papa. Guaranda (Ecuador) 28-30 Jun 2011.

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Ganaderia, Acuacultura y Pesca; Universidad Estatal de Bolivar; INIAP; Consorcio de la Papa; FAO; FondoEcuatoriano Populorum Progressio; CIP. pp. 124-127.

Maldonado, L.; Fonseca, C.; Ordinola, M.2011. Estudio de caso: Evaluacion de impacto de la intervencion

del proyecto INCOPA en Puno. Lima (Peru). Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP); Proyecto INCOPA;

Iniciativa Papa Andina. ISBN 978-92-9060-406-8. 67 p.

Maldonado, L.; Ordinola, M.; Manrique, K.; Fonseca, C.; Sevilla, M.; Delgado, O. 2011. Estudio de caso:Evaluacion de impacto de la intervencion del proyecto INCOPA/CAPAC en Andahuaylas. Lima (Peru). Centro

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la produccion de semilla prebasica de papa. In: Andrade Piedra, J. Reinoso, J. Ayala, S. (eds). Memorias. 4.Congreso Ecuatoriano de la Papa. Guaranda (Ecuador) 28-30 Jun 2011. Guaranda (Ecuador). Gobierno

Autonomo Descentralizado del canton Guaranda Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganaderia , Acuacultura y

Pesca; Universidad Estatal de Bolivar; INIAP; Consorcio de la Papa; FAO; Fondo Ecuatoriano PopulorumProgressio; CIP. pp. 105-107.

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cooperative and a family. In: Mele, P. Van Bentley, J.W. Guei, R.G. (eds). African seed enterprises: Sowing the

seeds of food security. Wallingford (UK). CAB International. ISBN 978-1-84593-843-7. pp. 142-155.

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Morales, W.; Taipe, P.; Forbes, G.2011. Concentracion e infeccion de esporangios de Phytophthorainfestans (Mont.) de Bary en pre-emergencia de tuberculos de papa (Solanum tuberosum). In: Andrade



Piedra, J. Reinoso, J. Ayala, S. (eds). Memorias. 4. Congreso Ecuatoriano de la Papa. Guaranda (Ecuador) 28-

30 Jun 2011. Guaranda (Ecuador). Gobierno Autonomo Descentralizado del canton Guaranda; Ministeriode Agricultura, Ganaderia, Acuacultura y Pesca; Universidad Estatal de Bolivar; INIAP; Consorcio de la Papa;

FAO; Fondo Ecuatoriano Populorum Progressio; CIP. pp. 69-71.

Morocho, M.; Yumisaca, F.; Monteros, C.; Andrade Piedra, J. 2011. Efecto de epocas de cosechas de trescultivares de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) sobre el rendimiento y calidad de fritura para hojuelas decolores. In: Andrade Piedra, J. Reinoso, J. Ayala, S. (eds). Memorias. 4. Congreso Ecuatoriano de la Papa.

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Orrego, R.; Manrique, K.; Quevedo, M.; Ortiz, O.2011. Mejorando la calidad de nuestra semilla de papa

mediante la seleccion de las mejores plantas, seleccion positiva: Guia de campo para agricultores. Lima(Peru). Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP). ISBN 978-92-9060-403-7. 71 p.

Pallo, E.; Taipe, A.; Yumisaca, F.; Panchi, N.; Espinoza, J.; Montesdeoca, F.; Andrade Piedra, J.2011.Efecto de la seleccion positiva en el rendimiento del cultivo de papa. In: Andrade Piedra, J. Reinoso,

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Enfermedades y plagas que afectan la calidad de la semilla de papa y efecto de la seleccion positiva. In:Andrade Piedra, J. Reinoso, J. Ayala, S. (eds). Memorias. 4. Congreso Ecuatoriano de la Papa. Guaranda

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Panta, A.; Tay, D.; Ynouye, C.; Roca, W.2011. The effect of pre-culture temperature treatment on the

cryopreservation of potato shoot-tips. In: Panis, B. Lynch, P. (eds). Proceedings of the First International

Symposium on Cryopreservation in Horticultural Species. 1. International Symposium on Cryopreservationin Horticultural Species. Leuven (Belgium). 05-08 Apr 2009. Bologna (Italy). International Society for

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Korea. 94. Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America. Corvallis (USA). 15-19 Aug 2010. AmericanJournal of Potato Research. (USA). ISSN 1099-209X. 88(1):60.

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Quiroz, R.; Posadas, A.; Yarleque, C.; Heidinger, H.; Barreda, C.; Raymundo, R.; Carbajal, M.; Loayza,

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Documents

CIP Annual Report 2011