2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 1

Circulatory disorders

Aneurysm: ballooning ofan artery, thinning and weakening

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 2

Circulatory disorders

Angina PectorisChest pain, caused by lack of oxygen to heart muscleOften a warning before a heart attackTreat with nitroglycerin to dilate coronary arteries – given sublingual

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 3

Circulatory disorders

Arrhythmia Any change from normal

heart rate or rhythm

BRADYCARDIA Slow heart rate (<60/minute)

TACHYCARDIA Rapid heart rate

(>100/minute)

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 4

Circulatory disorders

Arteriosclerosis: arterial walls thicken, lose

elasticity

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 5

Circulatory disorders

Atherosclerosis: fatty

deposits form on

walls of arteries

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 6

Circulatory disorders

Coronary artery disease: a narrowing of the arteries that supply oxygen and

nutrient- filled blood to the heart

Hypertension: HBP High blood pressure Silent Killer, usually no symptoms Leads to strokes, heart attacks, kidney failure Higher in African Americans and post-menopausal women Risk factors = smoking , overweight, stress, high fat diets,

family history Treatment relaxation, low fat diet exercise weight loss,

medication

Hypotension

Low blood pressure systolic <100

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 8

Circulatory disorders

Heart failure: occurs when the

ventricles are unable to contract

effectively and blood pools in the

heart

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 9

Circulatory disorders

Murmurs: indicates defect

in heart valves Gurgling or

hissing sound

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 10

Circulatory disordersMyocardial infarction: MI/heart

attack Lack of blood supply to the

myocardium causes damage. Due to blockage of coronary artery

or blood clot Amount of damage depends on size

of area deprived of oxygen Immediate medical care is critical Rx: bedrest, oxygen, medication Morphine for pain, tpa to dissolve

the clot Anticoagulant therapy to prevent

further clots Angioplasty and by-pass surgery

may be necessary

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 11

Circulatory disordersPeripheral vascular disease: caused by blockage of the arteries, usually in the

legsS/S: pain or cramping in the legs orbuttocks while walkingTx: Rx to decrease cholestrol, diet

change, improve circulation

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 12

Circulatory disorders

Pulmonary edema: excessive fluid in

tissues

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 13

Circulatory disorders

Transient ischemic attack

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 14

Circulatory disorders

Varicose veins: swollen, distended veins heredity or due to posture prolonged periods of standing, physical exertion, age and

pregnancyPrevention

Wear sunscreen Elevate legs when resting Wear elastic support stockings Eating fiber diets Exercise Weight control

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 15

Circulatory disordersLeading Causes of Death:

The Impact of Circulatory Disorders

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 16

Relevance of nutrients to the blood and circulatory system The circulatory

system plays a vital role in homeostasis Absorption and

transport of nutrients to cells, tissues, organs, and systems