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Civics Review
• The term meaning a 2/3 vote can end a filibuster
• Cloture
• What is the term for an appellate court sending a case back to a lower court for further action.
• Remand
• What is the term meaning the senate has the ability to approve a presidential appointment?
• Senatorial courtesy
• Which courts use witnesses during trial?
• District courts
• How does one become a federal judge?
• Appointment
• Term that means a majority of evidence supports a decision by jury in a civil case (majority rule, rather than unanimous decision).
• Preponderance of Evidence
• One reason for objection in a court – statement based on what one has heard, rather than on any solid evidence.
• Hearsay
• In a court, a motion made against a testimony or evidence.
• Objection
• What is jurisdiction?
• Authority or dominion over a case
• Action in which an executive can remove the parts of a bill.
• Line-item veto
• Which court in the United States is the highest authority?
• Supreme Court
• What is the term for the ability of the Supreme Court to review bills for constitutionality?
• Judicial Review
• During what Supreme Court case did the court gain the ability of judicial review?
• Marbury v. Madison
• Which federal court has original jurisdiction?
• District court
• What is the role of a court in a criminal case?
• Determine guilt/innocence
• What type of decisions are made in an appellate court?
• Reviews of lower courts
• Committee action in which a bill is put off to the side, ignored, and likely to die.
• Pigeon-hole
• What types of civil cases are handled by the federal court?
• Private parties• Private parties v. Govt• US v. state/local government
• A judge who is often in a lower court. Often appointed by federal judges.
• Magistrate
• How many state court systems are in America?
• 50
• How many district courts are in the US?
• At least one per state. (89; 94 including territories)
• What does a judge in a federal court base their opinions on?
• precedent
• What is the tenure of a federal judge?
• Life
• Of which branch of government are the US Marshals a part?
• Executive
• What is the duty of a US Marshal
• Serve as enforcement agency within judicial branch
• What is the term that means to take legal action?
• Litigation
• When a court orders a party to do/not do something.
• injunction
• A document used pre-trial as a means of stating an argument.
• Brief
• What type of decisions are made by an appellate court?
• Review
• When discussing a federal court, what is an “opinion”?
• A decision
• When a decision in a legal dispute has been made outside the court.
• Arbitration
• In a civil dispute, when should a person choose to take a case to trial?
• AS A LAST RESORT!
• Action in which a member of the senate speaks ad nauseam as a means of keeping a bill from passing.
• filibuster
• Jurisdiction in which multiple courts are able to decide on a matter within the same territory.
• Concurrent jurisdiction
• During an examination, when a witness is given a chance to address points made during a cross-examination.
• redress
• Governing whether, how, when, and for what purpose evidence is to be used.
• Rule of evidence
• A legal document calling a person into court.
• Subpoena
• This refers to the sole power of a court to adjudicate a case.
• Exclusive jurisdiction
• To solve a dispute through use of a third party.
• mediation
• Who is the only president to have ever served as a Supreme Court Chief Justice?
• William Howard Taft
• How many justices are in the Supreme Court?
• 1 Chief Justice + 8 Associate Justices
• Who was the first black Supreme Court Justice?
• Thurgood Marshall
• Who is our current Supreme Court Chief Justice?
• John Roberts
• Who is the first female member of the Supreme Court?
• Sandra Day O’Connor
• In what types of cases does the Supreme Court have final authority?
• Constitution• Acts of Congress• Treaties with other nations
• Who approves the budget set by the OMD?
• Congress
• In what situations does Supreme Court have original jurisdiction?
• Diplomats from foreign countries• Disputes between states
• What are the powers of the Supreme Court?
• Judicial Review• Interpreting Laws• Review any federal, state, or local law/action for constitutionality• Nullify or cancel laws found unconstitutional
• How does someone become a member of the Supreme Court?
• Appointment by President
• How long is the term of a Supreme Court justice?
• Life.
• What are some reasons for this lifelong term?
• Kept free from political influence
• What are some reasons a person may be rejected from a Supreme Court position?
• Qualifications• Political philosophies
• What does the 25th Amendment do?
• Line of presidential succession.
• Who is the only president to have ignored a Supreme Court ruling?
• Andrew Jackson
• Which president served more than 2 terms?
• FDR
With what were presidential terms limited?
• 22nd Amendment
• What 3 qualifications are necessary to become president?
• 35 years old• 14 years residency• Natural born citizen
• What is the system by which the government is run, including non-elected officials.
• Bureaucracy
• List in order, the first 5 people in the line of presidential succession.
• President• Vice-President• Speaker of the House• President Pro-Tempore• Secretary of State
• Power granted to the president to execute a proclamation with full force of the law
• Executive orders
• Who is the Commander in Chief?
• President
• What are the duties of the Commander in Chief?
• Leader of armed forces
• How often is the State of the Union address made?
• annually
• Who gives the State of the Union address?
• President
• What is the system by which a president appoints their supporters to positions in the government?
• Patronage System
• What is a type of pardon, often given before a person even goes to trial, often for political offenses?
• Amnesty
• What is the title of the position of the President’s assistant?
• Chief of Staff
• What is the OMB?
• Office of Management and Budget
How many departments are in the executive branch?
• 15
• The secretaries of each of these departments make up what group?
• cabinet
• Which department collects taxes?
• Treasury Department (IRS)
• Which department has 3 branches which protect our nation?
• Department of Defense (Army, Navy/Marines, Air Force)
• Which department handles the National Parks?
• Interior Department
• Which department deals with soil conservation?
• Department of Agriculture
• Which department handles passports?
• State department
• Which department handles Race to the Top?
• Department of Education
• Which department includes the Secret Service?
• Department of Homeland Security
• What is the money used for collateral in a criminal case when a person is released from jail to await trial?
• Bail
• What is it called when an accused person in a trial agrees to a lesser charge in order to forego trial?
• Plea bargain
• Where are cases involving minors typically held?
• Juvenile courts
• Who decides if formal charges will be filed in a case?
• Grand jury
• What happens in a criminal case when a jury is unable to reach a unanimous decision?
• Hung jury/mistrial.