Civil War. The Civil War Begins Confederate forces captured all but four federal garrisons in the south including Fort Pulaski. On April 12, 1861, confederate

Civil War

The Civil War Begins Confederate forces captured all but four federal garrisons in the south including Fort Pulaski. On April 12, 1861, confederate forces bombard Fort Sumter (South Carolina) forcing U.S. troops to surrender beginning the Civil War. Four more state secede from the Union: Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia The war was called: Civil War War Between States War of Northern Aggression (by southerners) Brothers War Childrens Crusade (due to young fighters)

Confederate States of America President: Jefferson Davis Vice President: Alexander Stephens The capital : Richmond, Virginia Confederate States: Alabama Florida Georgia Louisiana Mississippi South Carolina Texas, Arkansas North Carolina Tennessee Virginia

The new [Confederate] Constitution has set at rest for ever all agitating questions relating to our peculiar institutionAfrican slavery as it exists among usthe proper state of the negro in our form of civilization. Alexander Stephens Quit as U.S. Senator, Became Vice-President, Confederate States of America March 21, 1861

Assembling Armies Most soldiers volunteered at first, but later men were conscripted (drafted to serve in the armies) Some men received bounties (money) to sign up; some signed up, received the bounty, then deserted (ran away) Poorer men sometimes accepted money to fight in place of wealthier men who didnt want to serve Some 178,985 enlisted men served in black regiments during the Civil War; almost all fought for the Union Boys as young as 10 served in both armies; thousands of soldiers were between 14 and 16 years old

Advantages of Each Side Northern Advantages North had more people from which to create and resupply armies North had more factories, better railroad system, and most of the nations food growing farms and wealth Southern Advantages South had more experienced military leaders, and were highly motivated to defend their familiar homeland and to win independence. Most Southern farms were used to grow cash crops (cotton, etc.), so trade (cotton for weapons/supplies) was very important to the South

Northern War Tactics Union Blockade (AKA Anaconda Plan): Close all Southern ports (using ironclads armored ships) to prevent cotton exports and imports of weaponry from foreign countries. Destroy Confederate armies on the battlefield Lay waste to the Southern land, so that civilians would call for an end to the war Video 1. to destroy; devastate; ruin 2. to wear away; consume gradually;

3.What does the placement of the snake signify? 1. How does this picture represent the Northern war strategy? 2. What does the snake represent?

Initially, blockade runners, private citizens who would evade the Federal blockade to make huge profits, were able to make it to Europe to buy and sell goods. They would return to sell the goods and supplies to the confederacy making millions.

Southern War Tactics Wear down the Union armies, which would hasten the northerners desire to end the war Use swift raiders (small, fast ships) to help break the Union blockade King Cotton Diplomacy: Convince France and England to help the Confederacy by stopping the export of Cotton to these countries. (Britain and France were able to buying cotton from Egypt)

Civil War Pivotal Battles

Major War Battles The three southern states that were home to most of major battles of the Civil War are: Virginia Tennessee Georgia At the battle of Manassas, aka Bull Run, the confederacy lost 184 of 242 creating the realization that the Union army would NOT be easily defeated.

Battle of Antietam On September 17, 1862, at Antietam Creek, Maryland, the bloodiest day of fighting in American history took place. About 2,000 Northerners and 2,700 Southerners were killed and 19,000 people were wounded. Though Union troops had halted Confederate advance toward Washington, D.C., neither side emerged as the decisive victor. The battle was a symbolic victory for the Union. Encouraged by the Confederate retreat, President Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation.

Freeing the Slaves President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862 Document gave the Southern Confederacy a choice: Quit the war and keep slavery alive or keep fighting and slaves would be forever free Deadline was January 1, 1863 The Confederate leaders continued the war and the slaves were declared free by the United States government in 1863. Since Lincoln did not control rebellious states, no slaves were actually freed The proclamation did ensure that England and France would not help the south due to their feelings against slavery.

The Fall of Fort Pulaski (1862) More than 100 battles or skirmishes in Georgia; 92 happened in 1864 during the Atlanta and Savannah campaigns First battle, April 10, 1862, was at all-brick Fort Pulaski, near Tybee Island Rifled cannon used by U.S. Army in warfare for the first time; the Confederates surrendered the fort in less than two days No brick American forts were built after this battle

The Battle of Chickamauga Fought in September 1863 Seven miles south of Chattanooga, Tennessee (ten miles south of the Tennessee/Georgia border) Chattanooga was major railroad center and was important to the movement of supplies and troops for the Confederacy Union troops were driven back to Chattanooga; Confederates did not follow-up on their victory by attacking retreating soldiers Union reinforcements, led by Ulysses Grant, later recaptured the city of Chattanooga

Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863: In Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Union Army defeats the Confederates. Union suffers 23,000 casualties (dead and wounded soldiers). Confederacy suffers 28,000 casualties The Southern Army retreated back to Virginia. Due to the large loss of Lees men, the south never invaded the North again. Video In November of 1863, President Lincoln went to the battlefield to dedicate it as a national military cemetery. Lincolns famous two-minute speech is known as the Gettysburg Address

The Battle of Atlanta (1864)

Spring of 1864- Sherman set out from Chattanooga to capture the confederate supply center and railroad hub, Atlanta. The Atlanta Campaign was not made up of just one battle, but a series of battles that took 4 months.

Shermans Atlanta Campaign Battle of Dalton Battle of Resaca Battle of Allatoona Johnson was forced to retreat due to food and ammunition shortages. June 27, 1864: Sherman attacked Johnston at Kennesaw Mountain; Sherman was unable to defeat the Confederate troops but continued to move toward Atlanta.

The War Lingers On July 20, 1864: Battle of Peachtree Creek July 22, 1864: Battle of Atlanta July 24 th, 1864: Battle of Ezra Church September 2, 1864: General Hood withdrew from Atlanta and the union army moved in taking over the railroads and factories Sherman and the Union Army stayed in Atlanta for two months to plan The March to the Sea. Sherman ordered all civilians to leave the city of Atlanta immediately.

The Atlanta Campaign Video Video #2

The Burning of Atlanta November 15, 1864, Shermans army left Atlanta and set fire to the city

Shermans March to the Sea November 15, 1864- December 15, 1864 Hood attempted to lure Sherman out of Georgia by marching toward Tennessee, but his plan failed leaving Sherman an unobstructed path to the Atlantic Ocean. As part of his Lay to waste strategy, Sherman headed toward Savannah creating a path of destruction 300 miles long and 60 miles wide destroying anything that supported the Confederate Military and the civilian economy. The entire town of Griswoldville was destroyed in one of only two battles fought on Shermans march. Savannah surrendered to Sherman without a fight December 22, 1864, Sherman wrote to Lincoln presenting Savannah as his Christmas gift. VIDEO VIDEO

Final Battles and Surrender On March 2, 1865, General Robert E. Lee requested a meeting with Grant to discuss the end of war. Lincoln wouldnt allow it unless the South surrendered. Surrender: Union general was Grant Confederate general was Lee On April 9, 1865 surrendered at the Appomattox Court House in Virginia.

Civil War Prisons Both North and South had prisons for captured soldiers; thousands of men on both sides died in these prisons Andersonville Prison, in southwest Georgia, was overcrowded, and offered poor food, contaminated water, and poor sanitation; 13,700 Union soldiers are buried there Captain Henry Wirtz, Andersonville Prison commander, was later hanged for excessive cruelty Andersonville is now home to the National Prisoner of War Museum Video

............................................. 4/12/61: Ft. Sumter 7/1-3/63 Gettysburg August 1963 Chickamauga November 1863 Gettysburg Address 1/1/63: Southern Deadline to Pull out of war Election 1860 12/20/61: S.C. leaves Union 2/1861: 7 Deep South States secede 3/4/1862: Lincoln Inauguration 9/17/1862: Battle of Antietam 9/22/62: Emancipation Proc. 4/10/62: Fort Pulaski Spring 1864 Atlanta Campaign 7/20/64 Peachtree Creek7/22/64 Battle of Atlanta 7/24/64 Ezra Church 9/2/64 Union Army takes over the city of Atlanta after Hood withdraws 11/15 -12/15/1864 Shermans March to the Sea 12/22/64: Sherman writes to Lincoln giving Savannah as his Christmas gift. 7/21/61: Bull Run (Manassas) 6/27/63 Kennesaw Mnt Civil War Timeline

Sumter Light Guards, Company K, 4th Regiment Georgia Volunteer Infantry, CSA. April 1861

Unknown location. Signalmen of Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren's flagship receiving a message from the Georgia shore

Photograph from the main eastern theater of the war, the Army of the James, June 1864- April 1865. Shows group of seven "contrabands" dressed in old Union uniforms standing in front of a wagon and shack.

Civil War camp scene, showing company kitchen, 1863 Other Title: Camp of the 6th N.Y. Artillery at Brandy Station, Va. April, 1864

Translation 1. CHIEF COOK AND BOTTLE WASHER person able to do many things 2. SARDINE BOX cap box 3. BREAD BASKET stomach 4. GREENBACKS money 5. GRAYBACKS lice or Southern Soldiers 6. ARKANSAS TOOTHPICK a large knife 7. PEPPERBOX pistol 8. FIT TO BE TIED angry 9. HORSE SENSE on the ball or being smart 10. HUNKEY DOREY great!, fabulous! 11. GREENHORN, BUGGER, SKUNK officers 12. SNUG AS A BUG cozy or comfortable

13. SAWBONES surgeons 14. SKEDADDLE scatter or run 15. HORNETS bullets 16. POSSUM a pal, friend, or buddy 17. FIT AS A FIDDLE healthy or in great shape 18. UPPITY conceited 19. TIGHT, WALLPAPERED drunk 20. BARK JUICE, TAR WATER, NOKUM STIFF, JOY JUICE liquor 21. BLUFF cheater 22. HARD KNOCKS beaten up 23. BEEN THROUGH THE MILL done a lot 24. QUICK-STEP diarrhea Translation

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Civil War. The Civil War Begins Confederate forces captured all but four federal garrisons in the south including Fort Pulaski. On April 12, 1861, confederate