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Civilizations of Mesopotamia Chart . Sumerians. See Maps/Videos…. Location. Lower Mesopotamia Tigris and Euphrates River Valley. Cities. Ur and other Independent City-states. Leaders. N/A. Religion. Polytheism. Cultural Achievements . Writing (Cuneiform) City States Ziggurats - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Civilizations of Civilizations of Mesopotamia Chart Mesopotamia Chart
SumeriansSumerians See Maps/Videos…See Maps/Videos…
LocationLocationLower Mesopotamia Lower Mesopotamia Tigris and Euphrates River ValleyTigris and Euphrates River Valley
CitiesCities Ur and other Independent City-statesUr and other Independent City-states
LeadersLeaders N/AN/A
ReligionReligion PolytheismPolytheism
Cultural Achievements Cultural Achievements Writing (Cuneiform)Writing (Cuneiform) City StatesCity States ZigguratsZiggurats Wheel/CartsWheel/Carts SundialSundial ArchArch GovernmentGovernment CalendarCalendar Bronze ToolsBronze Tools ““Epic of Gilgamesh”Epic of Gilgamesh”
Empire/DynastyEmpire/Dynasty Not ReallyNot Really
Reason for DeclineReason for Decline Warring among the independent City-Warring among the independent City-
states…states… Weakened itselfWeakened itself Then invaded by foreign armies Then invaded by foreign armies
(Amorites)(Amorites)
BabyloniansBabylonians
LocationLocation Mesopotamia—Tigris Euphrates RiverMesopotamia—Tigris Euphrates River
CitiesCities BabylonBabylon
LeadersLeaders King HammurabiKing Hammurabi
ReligionReligion PolytheismPolytheism
Cultural Achievements Cultural Achievements Code of Hammurabi—1Code of Hammurabi—1stst written legal written legal
codecode Astronomy and AstrologyAstronomy and Astrology Babylonian EpicsBabylonian Epics
Based on Sumerian epic of Gilgamesh Based on Sumerian epic of Gilgamesh Similar to stories of the Old TestamentSimilar to stories of the Old Testament
Empire/Dynasty?Empire/Dynasty? YESYES Concept of Monarchy and KingsConcept of Monarchy and Kings
Reason for DeclineReason for Decline About 1700 BC they were invaded by About 1700 BC they were invaded by
foreign armies.foreign armies.
Phoenicians Phoenicians
Location Location Eastern Mediterranean Coast—near Eastern Mediterranean Coast—near
LebanonLebanon
CitiesCities TyreTyre ByblosByblos SidonSidon Carthage—located in northern AfricaCarthage—located in northern Africa
LeadersLeaders King HiramKing Hiram
ReligionReligion Polytheism Polytheism HarshHarsh Child Sacrifice for fertility godsChild Sacrifice for fertility gods No belief in afterlifeNo belief in afterlife
Cultural Achievements Cultural Achievements Trading/Shipping ArchitectsTrading/Shipping Architects Purple Dye (Monopoly)—so rare that only Purple Dye (Monopoly)—so rare that only
royalty could use itroyalty could use it Phonetic Alphabet (22 letters)Phonetic Alphabet (22 letters) Colonies Colonies
Empire/DynastyEmpire/Dynasty Trading Empire Only----confederation of Trading Empire Only----confederation of
city states. city states.
Reasons for DeclineReasons for Decline Competition?Competition? Series of defeats by invaders into Series of defeats by invaders into
Canaan (Israelites) Canaan (Israelites) King David?King David? Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great
HittitesHittites
LocationLocation Northern Asia Minor (Turkey)Northern Asia Minor (Turkey)
Cities, Leaders, ReligionCities, Leaders, Religion N/A?N/A? Polytheistic?Polytheistic?
Religious tolerance?Religious tolerance?
Cultural AchievementsCultural Achievements Earliest Mastery of Iron Working (about Earliest Mastery of Iron Working (about
1500 BC)1500 BC) Cultural Diffusion with other Mid-East Cultural Diffusion with other Mid-East
Civilizations/Egypt (Iron Tools/Weapons)Civilizations/Egypt (Iron Tools/Weapons)
Empire/DynastyEmpire/Dynasty Yes—Anatolia (Asia Minor) and Northern Yes—Anatolia (Asia Minor) and Northern
Mesopotamia and Northern Syria Mesopotamia and Northern Syria Height: c. 1350-1250 BCHeight: c. 1350-1250 BC
Reason for DeclineReason for Decline Invasions by foreign armiesInvasions by foreign armies
AssyriansAssyrians
LocationLocation Northern MesopotamiaNorthern Mesopotamia
Empire expanded into all of Fertile Crescent Empire expanded into all of Fertile Crescent and Egyptand Egypt
`
CitiesCities AsherAsher Nineveh Nineveh
LeadersLeaders King AssurbanipalKing Assurbanipal
ReligionReligion PolytheisticPolytheistic
Cultural AchievementsCultural Achievements Government—had Governors and Government—had Governors and
ProvincesProvinces Military RoadsMilitary Roads Powerful KingsPowerful Kings Great Library at NinevehGreat Library at Nineveh Armies outfitted with Iron weaponsArmies outfitted with Iron weapons
Empire/DynastyEmpire/Dynasty Yes—Cruel and violent peopleYes—Cruel and violent people Ruthless and Brutal EmpireRuthless and Brutal Empire Terrorized their subjectsTerrorized their subjects
Reason for DeclineReason for Decline Invaded by Babylonians (Chaldeans) Invaded by Babylonians (Chaldeans) Nineveh sacked in 612 BCNineveh sacked in 612 BC Fall of the Assyrian EmpireFall of the Assyrian Empire
ChaldeansChaldeans
LocationLocation All of Fertile CrescentAll of Fertile Crescent
CitiesCities BabylonBabylon
LeadersLeaders King Nebuchadnezar King Nebuchadnezar
ReligionReligion PolytheisticPolytheistic
Cultural AchievementsCultural Achievements Hanging Gardens of Babylon (one of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon (one of the
7 wonders of the ancient world)7 wonders of the ancient world) Astrology and Astronomy Astrology and Astronomy Extremely accurate calendarExtremely accurate calendar
Empire/DynastyEmpire/Dynasty YesYes
Reasons for DeclineReasons for Decline Invaded and Crushed by Persian Empire Invaded and Crushed by Persian Empire
(Cyrus the Great) in 539 BC.(Cyrus the Great) in 539 BC.