Class Expectations –You can show respect by… Listening when the teacher or others are talking. –One speaker at a time, please raise your hand. Please

Part IV

• Class Expectations– You can show respect by…

• Listening when the teacher or others are talking.– One speaker at a time, please raise your hand.

• Please no cross-room conversations during work time.

– You can be responsible by…• Staying organized and avoiding distraction.• Staying focused on task completion.

– You can make good choices by…• Attending class regularly • Doing your best and never giving up.

– Be Safe!• First, last, and always.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

New Area of Focus: Animalia


• Domains and KingdomsDomain Bacteria Archaea

Kingdom Bacteria Archaea Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia

Cell Type Prokaryotic (No nucleus)

Prokaryotic (No nucleus)

Eukaryotic (Nucleus)




Single or Multi-Cellular

Single(Unicellular)

Single(Unicellular)

Single(Unicellular)

Multicellular Multicellular Multicellular

Gets Energy from..

Varies Varies Varies Sunlight Absorbs Consumes FoodHetero-trophs

Eukarya

\Can you say this with me…

Millions of species6 Kingdoms

Organized by their similarities and differences

and placed into a naming system

DiverseAnimals are…

Multicellu

lar

Heterotrophs

Eukaryotic

Characteristics of Animalia.-----


Learn more about the characteristics of animals at… http://animals.about.com/od/animal-facts/a/animal-characteristics.htm

http://animals.about.com/od/animal-facts/a/animal-characteristics.htm

http://animals.about.com/od/animal-facts/a/animal-characteristics.htm

No cell walls.


Animals have a period of embryonic development.


Animals have a period of embryonic development.


Animals have Diplontic life cycle.


Animals have Diplontic life cycle. Genetic information can come from a

mother and father. (Many species)


• Fertilization: The joining of the egg and the sperm.– The sperm and egg contain genetic information

that will allow this one cell to multiply into trillions.


Animals eat food.


Animals eat food.


So they need to…

Animals move.


Animals move.


So they need…

Animals have muscle tissue.


Animals have muscle tissue.


and to control the muscle tissueanimals need…

Animals have nervous tissues.


• Asexual reproduction: A mode of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single parent.– The offspring inherit the genes of that parent only,

it’s reproduction which does not involve meiosis or fertilization.

• A few ways animals reproduce without two parents.


• Budding: Offspring develop as a growth on the body of the parent.

Offspring

• Fragmentation: As certain tiny worms grow to full size, they spontaneously break up into 8 or 9 pieces. Each of these fragments develops into a mature worm, and the process is repeated.


Which one is the original?

A

Comet / Original

Many Echinoderms can shed a arm “comet” that can regrow the disc and further arms.

• Parthenogenesis ("virgin birth"), the females produce eggs, but these develop into young without ever being fertilized.


• Asexual Reproduction.– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jk2RJm5RBEk

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jk2RJm5RBEk

Animals have three types of symmetry.---


Bilateral symmetry.Same on both sides.


Radial Symmetry.Arranged equally in all directions from a

central point.


Asymmetrical.Having no symmetry.


Short article about animal symmetry at… http://www.decodedscience.com/animal-body-plans-symmetry-in-action/13171

http://www.decodedscience.com/animal-body-plans-symmetry-in-action/13171

http://www.decodedscience.com/animal-body-plans-symmetry-in-action/13171

• Quiz 1-10 Name the type of symmetry• “Let’s do it with symbols”

– One finger “Index Please!” (Bilateral)– All five fingers (Radial)– Just a fist (asymmetrical)


Bilateral Radial Asymmetrical

Clam Open Clam Shut

• Bonus –TWILIGHT?

New Area of Focus: Learning the Phylums and Animalia.


• Goal, you can look at most any animal on the planet and be able to identify it to the phylum.– Instead of…”Oh, a worm thing with eyes.”– “This is a member of the Kingdom Animalia in

the phylum Platyhelminthes commonly called a flatworm.”


Chordata

Arthropoda

Mollusca

Porifera


Echinodermata

Nematoda

AnnelidaPlatyhelminthes

Cnidaria

Rotifera


Earthworm

• Caution! Graphic Images of Animal Phyla Ahead.

If you don’t like spiders, scorpions,snakes, lizards, or insects you won’t

Enjoy the remainder of this lesson.

If you have some sort of serious phobia

please alert the Teacher.

• Placozoa: The simplest animal known.– Smallest amount on DNA of any animal.– Made of only a few thousand cells.

• It only has four types of cells compared to our 200 types,

– 3 mm across.– May have been the first type of animal evolving

from single celled Protists.

Taxonomist aren’t really sure where they go because only a few have ever been observed.

Chordata

Arthropoda

Mollusca

Porifera


• Metazoan animals: They are multicellular, mitochondrial eukaryotes with differentiated tissues, including nerves and muscles.


Phylum Porifera – SpongesAsymmetrical.

• Video! Sea Sponge filter feeding.– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7E1rq7zHLc


Learn more about Porifera / sponges at… http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/invertebrates/sponge/

Feeding without a mouth or anus

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7E1rq7zHLc

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/invertebrates/sponge/

Echinodermata

Nematoda


Cnidaria

Rotifera


Coral

Anemone

Echinodermata

Nematoda


Cnidaria

Rotifera


Coral

Anemone

Ctenophora

Phylum Cnidaria – Stinging cells.Silent C (ni dérree ən).


Phylum Cnidaria – Stinging cells.Silent C (ni dérree ən). Radial symmetry.


Answer:Jellies don’t have a brain, central nervous system, circulatory system, respiratory system, excretory system, and they have an incomplete digestive system.

They do have nerve cells

• Phylum Cnidaria: – Jellyfish is a misnomer.

• Phylum Cnidaria: – Jellyfish is a misnomer. They are not fish and

do not even have a backbone.

• Phylum Cnidaria: – Jellyfish is a misnomer. They are not fish and

do not even have a backbone.– They have roamed the seas for over 500 million

years (oldest multi-cellular creature)

Hydra

Hydra

Bud

Typical Life Cycle

• Two layers of cells. – The outer layer is known as the ectoderm

or epidermis.– Layer in the middle is jelly. – Inner layer is known as the endoderm or

gastrodermis.


• Very diverse phylum.– Anthozoa (true coral, sea anemones, sea

pens) 6000 spp– Cubozoa (box jellyfish) 20 spp– Hydrozoa (freshwater hydra, fire coral)

3000 spp– Scyphozoa (true jellyfish) 200 spp














• Which is a…– Coral (Anthozoa)– Box Jelly (Cuboza)– Hydra (Hydrozoa)– True Jelly (Scyphozoa)

True Box

Coral

Hydra

• Which is a…– Coral (Anthozoa)– Box Jelly (Cuboza)– Hydra (Hydrozoa)– True Jelly (Scyphozoa)

HydraBud

Corals and Anemones

True Jelly

BoxJelly

“Still a large Cnidarian however”

Learn more about the Phylum Cnidaria at… http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cnidaria.html

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cnidaria.html

• Video Link. Cnidaria and Ctenophora– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HzFiQFFQ

Yw

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HzFiQFFQYw

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HzFiQFFQYw

• Video Link! Jellies of North America.– More entertaining, less Taxonomic.– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cc8JT4A7Sp4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cc8JT4A7Sp4

Echinodermata

Nematoda


Cnidaria

Rotifera


Coral

Anemone

Ctenophora

• Comb Jellies belong to a different Phylum called Ctenophora. – They are shaped differently and have cilia to

propel themselves.


• Example: Hemichordata (Acorn worms)– The are not true chordates.– Learn more about Hemichodata at..– http

://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/chordata/hemichordata.html

Name means half chordate.They have a stomochordWhich is a nerve chord

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/chordata/hemichordata.html



• Which one is Hemichordata (Acorn worms) and which is a plate of hot dogs?

A B

Sausages

Echinodermata

Nematoda


Rotifera


Earthworm

Hemichordata

Echinodermata

Nematoda


Cnidaria

Rotifera


• There are three types of worms– Flatworms– Roundworms– Segmented worms

• There are three types of worms– Flatworms?– Roundworms?– Segmented worms?ented wor

Phylum NematodaThe Roundworms.


Can lay 27 million eggs during its life and can lay more than 200,000 of them in a single day.

Some scientists have estimated that there may be as many as half a million more unkown species of roundworm yet to be discovered,

Echinodermata

Nematoda


Cnidaria

Rotifera


• No joke, this is the mouth of a parasitic nematode that lives in your intestine and is common to almost all humans.

• Nematodes have a round body cavity.

Learn more about Nematoda at… http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Nematoda/ or http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/phyla/ecdysozoa/nematoda.html

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Nematoda/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Nematoda/

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/phyla/ecdysozoa/nematoda.html

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/phyla/ecdysozoa/nematoda.html

Phylum Platyhelminthes.The Flatworms.


Phylum Platyhelminthes.The Flatworms.


The mouthis also the Anus

• Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) eat and release waste from the same opening.


Learn more about the Phylum Platyhelminthes at… http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Platyhelminthes/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Platyhelminthes/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Platyhelminthes/

Echinodermata

Nematoda


Cnidaria

Rotifera


Simplest animals that are bilaterally symmetric

Human Lung FlukeParasite

Human Lung FlukeParasite

Acoelomates = Having no body cavity

The lack of a large bodycavities requires the flatworm to be…

Also for the flatworm to respire through diffusion

Echinodermata

Nematoda


Cnidaria

Rotifera


Phylum AnnelidaThe segmented worms.


Can you match

A B C

Coelomate Acoelomate

Pseudo-coelomate

Can you match

A B C

CoelomateAcoelomate

Pseudo-coelomate

• Video! Annelida (Leech Therapy)– Caution! If you don’t like leeches, you won’t like

this news clip.– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYeqPvv5s_E


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYeqPvv5s_E

• Video Link! Leeches NOVA podcast– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKUAroimQrk

Learn more about Annelida at… http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/annelida.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKUAroimQrk

http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/annelida.html

Documents

Class Expectations –You can show respect by… Listening when the teacher or others are talking. –One speaker at a time, please raise your hand. Please