Class Notes 17.3b (NB p. 27)

1. Battle of Fredericksburg –

2. Battle of Chancellorsville –

3. Battle of Gettysburg –

4. Pickett's Charge –

5. Siege of Vicksburg –

6. Sherman’s March –

7. Grant and Lee at Petersburg –

8. Lee and Grant meet at Appomattox –

Describe significant events and outcomes of each of the following.

Skip three lines between each event.

Skip three lines between each event.

CHAPTER 17: THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS

Section 3: The North Wins

Today we will trace the war

from Gettysburg to Appomattox.

Vocabulary

• inaugural address – speech given by a newly-elected president

• platform – statement of what a political party stands for

• malice – hatred or hard feelings

Check for Understanding

• What are going to do today?

• Who gives an inaugural address?

• Why doesn’t Mr. Thomas feel malice toward you?

What We Already KnowWhat We Already Know

Lee’s defeat at Gettysburg made Confederate hopes for victory seem unlikely.

Lee’s defeat at Gettysburg made Confederate hopes for victory seem unlikely.

What We Already Know

Before Vicksburg fell in July 1863, nearly all the major battles of the Civil War had been fought in Virginia or Tennessee, leaving the Deep South

untouched by war.

What We Already Know

Because of his successes in the Western Theater,

especially at the Siege of Vicksburg, Ulysses S.

Grant was appointed commander of the Union armies by

President Lincoln.

Sherman’s Total War

• September 1864 – Sherman took Atlanta, then set out on a march to the sea, cutting a path of destruction up to 60 miles wide and 300 miles long through Georgia.

• Total war: not only against enemy troops, but against everything that supports the enemy

Sherman’s Total War

His troops tore up rail lines, destroyed crops, and burned

and looted towns.

His troops tore up rail lines, destroyed crops, and burned

and looted towns.

Despite a desperate defense led by Confederate general Joe Johnston, the city

of Atlanta finally fell to Sherman’s siege.

Sherman’s triumph in Atlanta would be especially important

for President Lincoln.

Sherman’s triumph in Atlanta would be especially important

for President Lincoln.

Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

Who was William Tecumseh Sherman?

A. Confederate general

B. Led troops on the “March to the Sea”

C. Replaced Grant after Vicksburg

D. Captured Atlanta

E. Waged total war against civilians

Choose all that describe Sherman!

37. How did General William T. Sherman wage total war against the South during his March to the Sea?

37. How did General William T. Sherman wage total war against the South during his March to the Sea?

Choose all that are true!Choose all that are true!

37. How did General William T. Sherman wage total war against the South during his March to the Sea?

A. His men lived off the land, taking anything they wanted from Confederate civilians' homes.

B. He burned farms and towns, and destroyed Southern railroads wherever he went.

C. He laid siege to Petersburg, but failed to take it.D. He captured cities like Atlanta and Savannah.E. He set up new governments in defeated

Confederate cities.

Choose all that are true!

Lincoln’s Re-election

• In 1864, the president was running for reelection, but many Northerners were tired of war.

• Democrats nominated George McClellan, who ran on an antiwar platform.

• In 1864, the president was running for reelection, but many Northerners were tired of war.

• Democrats nominated George McClellan, who ran on an antiwar platform.

Lincoln’s Re-election

• Because of Sherman’s successful march through the South, Northerners could sense a Union victory could become a reality.

• Lincoln won with 55 percent of the popular vote in the November election.

• Because of Sherman’s successful march through the South, Northerners could sense a Union victory could become a reality.

• Lincoln won with 55 percent of the popular vote in the November election.

Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address

Lincoln hoped for a speedy end to the

war, and in his speech, he spoke of

his desire for the nation to make it

easier for the South to surrender and return

to the Union.

Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address

“With malice towards none; with charity for all; . . . let us strive on to finish

the work we are in; to bind up the nation’s wounds; . . . to do all

which may achieve and cherish a just, and a

lasting peace.”

Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

38. Why were Sherman’s victories important for Lincoln?

38. Why were Sherman’s victories important for Lincoln?

A. They ended Lee's second invasion of the North.

B. They ended Southern hopes of European diplomatic recognition and foreign aid.

C. They proved that Sherman was the general Lincoln needed.

D. They helped him win reelection in 1864.

39. In his Second Inaugural Address, what message did Lincoln send about

the next task facing the nation?

39. In his Second Inaugural Address, what message did Lincoln send about

the next task facing the nation?

A. He called on the nation to utterly destroy the Southern economy.

B. He called on the nation to finish the war and forgive the South for causing it.

C. He called on the nation to make the Southern states pay for their decision to secede.

D. He called on the nation to make all the sacrifices necessary to win the war.

Grant’s Virginia Campaign

Since May 1864, Grant

and his generals had been fighting

battle after battle, all the while moving south toward

Richmond.

Since May 1864, Grant

and his generals had been fighting

battle after battle, all the while moving south toward

Richmond.

Grant’s Virginia Campaign• In the Battle of the

Wilderness (May, 1864) Union and Confederate forces fought in a tangle of trees and brush so thick that they could barely see each other.

• Fire broke out during the battle, and some of the wounded burned to death.

• Grant lost over 17,000 men, but pushed on.

• In the Battle of the Wilderness (May, 1864) Union and Confederate forces fought in a tangle of trees and brush so thick that they could barely see each other.

• Fire broke out during the battle, and some of the wounded burned to death.

• Grant lost over 17,000 men, but pushed on.

Grant’s Virginia CampaignGrant’s strategy involved pressing Lee without

letting up, forcing him to use up men and supplies.Grant’s strategy involved pressing Lee without

letting up, forcing him to use up men and supplies.

At the Battle of Cold Harbor (June, 1864), the union lost 7,000 casualties, most in the

first few minutes of battle.

At the Battle of Cold Harbor (June, 1864), the union lost 7,000 casualties, most in the

first few minutes of battle.

Grant’s Virginia Campaign

• Grant’s forces continued to press on toward Richmond, with Lee’s troops trying to retreat as slowly as possible.

• But while Grant could always call for fresh supplies and reinforcements, every skirmish weakened Lee’s ability to continue fighting.

• Grant’s forces continued to press on toward Richmond, with Lee’s troops trying to retreat as slowly as possible.

• But while Grant could always call for fresh supplies and reinforcements, every skirmish weakened Lee’s ability to continue fighting.

Petersburg (June, 1864)

• Unable to break through the rebel defenses, the Union forces dug trenches and settled in for a ten-month siege at Petersburg, outside Richmond.

• With Grant tightening his noose around Richmond, Lee pulled out eventually, and the city fell on April 3, 1865.

• Unable to break through the rebel defenses, the Union forces dug trenches and settled in for a ten-month siege at Petersburg, outside Richmond.

• With Grant tightening his noose around Richmond, Lee pulled out eventually, and the city fell on April 3, 1865.

• Lee wanted to keep fighting, but he knew that his situation was hopeless.

• He sent a message to General Grant that he was ready to surrender.

• Lee wanted to keep fighting, but he knew that his situation was hopeless.

• He sent a message to General Grant that he was ready to surrender.

Surrender at Appomattox

On April 9, 1865, Lee and Grant met in the small

Virginia town of Appomattox Court House to arrange the surrender.

On April 9, 1865, Lee and Grant met in the small

Virginia town of Appomattox Court House to arrange the surrender.

Surrender at Appomattox

• Grant offered generous terms of surrender. • After giving up their arms, Lee’s men could return

home with their private possessions and horses.

• Grant offered generous terms of surrender. • After giving up their arms, Lee’s men could return

home with their private possessions and horses.

Surrender at Appomattox

• Grant gave food to the Confederate soldiers.• After four long years, the Civil War was

coming to a close.

Surrender at AppomattoxSurrender at Appomattox

Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

40. How did Grant force Lee to surrender?

40. How did Grant force Lee to surrender?

40. How did Grant force Lee to surrender?

40. How did Grant force Lee to surrender?

A. He cut off all of Lee’s possible routes of retreat from Antietam.

B. He surrounded Lee at Vicksburg.

C. He relentlessly attacked Lee's forces without letting up.

D. He threatened to execute Confederate prisoners of war.

41. How did Grant treat Confederate soldiers after the surrender at

Appomattox Court House?

Choose all that are true!

41. How did Grant treat Confederate soldiers after the surrender at

Appomattox Court House?

A. He held Confederate officers as prisoners of war.

B. He provided the rebel troops with food.C. He allowed Lee's men to keep their mules

and horses.D. He let the Confederate troops return to

their homes.E. He exchanged them for Union soldiers

captured by other Confederate forces.

Choose all that are true!