Class Outline Reminders : Quiz # 1 on Feb. 16 th Field Trip on Feb. 16 th to Bowen Park after quiz Level 1: review questions Level 2 Plant Uses Texture

Class OutlineClass Outline• Reminders:

• Quiz # 1 on Feb. 16th • Field Trip on Feb. 16th to Bowen Park after quiz

• Level 1: review questions• Level 2

• Plant Uses• Texture• Form• Zone (Hardiness)

• Plant List #3: Indoor Plants • Review: Bingo

QuizQuiz• Date: Feb. 16th

• Focus on Level 1 and Level 2 Plants• There will be 10 plants to identify:

• Family• Genus• Species• Cv• Common name• Landscape use(s)

• There will be 5 additional questions about morphology: leaf arrangement, common shapes and margins, flower and fruit types etc.

• Plus 5 questions on Level 1 E-1 (see review questions)

Level 2: Level 2: Identify Plants and Plant Requirements

• Identify plants used in all segments of horticulture.• Identify plants suitable for planting in difficult situations.

Objective:Objective:

Source: Hort Education BC, E-1, Level Two

Plant UsePlant Use• Bedding Plants: tender and half

hardy annuals as well as biennials and sometimes perennials. Bedding plants are used to create seasonal colour in beds and containers.

• Cut Flowers: commercial flower industry or as cut flowers for gardens.


Plant UsePlant Use• Trees and Shrubs: live for more than two years. A

single stem about 1.4 m high distinguishes trees from shrubs. Naturally multi- stemmed woody ‐plants, grown on a single stem, are called ‘standards’.

• Groundcovers: plants that have a low creeping habit. soil coverage in garden areas and effectively reduce soil erosion and compaction from overhead precipitation and weed growth.


Plant UsePlant Use• Climbers: woody (lianas) or

herbaceous (vines) plants that climb over structures and plants. They are often used as vertical elements as walls in gardens. – Climbers have different means of securing themselves

to the support structures, with growing adaptations like twining, attaching roots or tendrils.


TextureTexture• Texture refers to the overall visual fineness or

coarseness of the plant. Plant texture is generally defined by the coarseness or fineness of the plant leaves and stems. The size of leaf, spacing between branches and foliage, length of petioles and leaf surface all affect the sense of texture. The amount of light that penetrates a leaf or tree can also be used to discern texture.


FormForm


HardinessHardiness• The ultimate deciding factor in whether a plant will

survive in a garden in a given location (with adequate supplies of light, moisture and nutrients) is quite simply the lowest temperature it will have to endure.

• Currently, 2 hardiness zone systems are used in Canada:– United States Department of Agriculture (U.S.D.A.)

Generally used throughout the world – The Canada Plant Hardiness Zones, Agriculture Canada


HardinessHardiness– United States Department of Agriculture (U.S.D.A.)– http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/Default.a

spx

– Vancouver Island zone 8 to 9


http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/Default.aspx

http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/Default.aspx

HardinessHardiness– The Canada Plant Hardiness Zones, Agriculture Canada– http://www.planthardiness.gc.ca/?m=1 – Vancouver Island Zone 7 - 8


http://www.planthardiness.gc.ca/?m=1

Chlorophytum comosum

https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/

Aloe vera


Yucca elephantipes


Peperomia obtusifolia


Ficus benjamina


Ficus elastica


Philodendron x


Monstera deliciosa (Tradescanthia zebrina)


Crassula ovata


Begonia x rex


Aeschynanthus spp.






Prunus lusitanicahttps://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/

















Berberidaceae (Barberry)Berberidaceae (Barberry)Scientific Name:

Kingdom:Plantae - Plants Subkingdom: Tracheobionta – Vascular plants Superdivision: Spermatophyta – Seed plantsDivision: Magnoliophyta – Flowering plantsClass: Magnoliopsida – DicotyledonsSubclass: MagnoliidaeOrder: RanunculalesFamily: Berberidaceae – Barberry familyGenus: MahoniaSpecies: M. nervoa, M. aquifolium

http://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=display&classid=Plantae

http://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=display&classid=Tracheobionta

http://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=display&classid=Spermatophyta

http://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=display&classid=Magnoliophyta

http://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=display&classid=Magnoliopsida

http://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=display&classid=Magnoliidae

http://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=display&classid=Ranunculales

http://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=display&classid=Berberidaceae

Ericaceae Ericaceae (Heath (Heath Family)Family)

Scientific Name:Kingdom: PlantaeTracheophyta (vascular)

Spermatophyta (seed bearing)Angiospermae (enclosed seeds)

Class: Dicoteldonae (two seed-leaves)Family: Ericaceae (Gk. ereiko = to break; referring to the brittle wood)Genera: Andomeda Arctostaphylos Ledum Loiseleuria Oxycoccus Rhododendron VacciniumSpecies: Arctostaphylos uva-ursi , Gaultheria shallon, Vaccinium ovatum 'Thunderbird‘, Erica carnea , Calluna vulgaris

http://www.flora.dempstercountry.org/0.division.pages/Plantae.html

http://www.flora.dempstercountry.org/0.division.pages/Tracheophyta.html

http://www.flora.dempstercountry.org/0.division.pages/Spermatophyta.html

http://www.flora.dempstercountry.org/0.division.pages/Angiospermae.html

http://www.flora.dempstercountry.org/0.division.pages/Dicoteldonae.html

http://www.flora.dempstercountry.org/0.Site.Folder/Species.Program/Species.php?species_id=Andro.poli

http://www.flora.dempstercountry.org/0.Site.Folder/Species.Program/Species.php?species_id=Arcto.alpin

http://www.flora.dempstercountry.org/0.Site.Folder/Species.Program/Species.php?species_id=Ledum.decum

http://www.flora.dempstercountry.org/0.Site.Folder/Species.Program/Species.php?species_id=Ledum.groen

http://www.flora.dempstercountry.org/0.Site.Folder/Species.Program/Species.php?species_id=Lois.procum

http://www.flora.dempstercountry.org/0.Site.Folder/Species.Program/Species.php?species_id=Oxy.micro

http://www.flora.dempstercountry.org/0.Site.Folder/Species.Program/Species.php?species_id=Rhodo.lappo

http://www.flora.dempstercountry.org/0.Site.Folder/Species.Program/Species.php?species_id=Vacci.uli

Pinaceae (Pine Family)Pinaceae (Pine Family)Scientific Name:Kingdom: PlantaeDivisions:•Tracheophyta (vascular)

• Spermatophyta (seed bearing)• Gymnospermae (naked seed)

Class: Coniferae (cone bearing)Family: Pinaceae (Pine Family)Genera: Pinus - pines (about 115 species) Picea - spruces (about 35 species) Cathaya (one species) Larix - larches (about 14 species) Pseudotsuga - douglas-firs (five species) Pseudolarix - golden larch (one species) Abies - firs (about 50 species) Cedrus - cedars (two to four species) Keteleeria (three species) Nothotsuga (one species) Tsuga - hemlock (nine species)Species: Tsuga heterphylla, Abies grandis, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii




http://www.flora.dempstercountry.org/0.division.pages/Gymnospermae.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spruce

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathaya

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larch

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudotsuga

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudolarix

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fir

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedrus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keteleeria

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothotsuga

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsuga

CupressaceaeCupressaceae (Cypress)(Cypress)

Scientific Name:Kingdom: PlantaeDivisions:Tracheophyta (vascular)

Spermatophyta (seed bearing)Gymnospermae (naked seed)

Class: Coniferae (cone bearing)Family: Cupressaceae (Cypress Family)Genera: Thuja, JuniperusSpecies: Thuja plicataEnglish Name(s):Cypress Family, Cedar Family




http://www.flora.dempstercountry.org/0.division.pages/Gymnospermae.html

Plant Morphology & Plant Morphology & Plant IdentificationPlant Identification Scientific Names Ultimately based on fruit

and flower characteristics However, we may also identify plants by:

– Whole plant characteristics type, form, branching habit, etc.

– Leaf form, arrangement, odor, petiole, margin, veination, texture etc.

– Bark color, texture, etc.– Bud size, shape, number, etc.

Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification Bud - A compressed, undeveloped

shoot. Buds may be lateral or terminal. Node - point on the stem where leaf or

bud is borne. The space between two nodes is an internode

Lenticel - a "breathing pore" in the skin or bark of a stem.

Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant IdentificationSimple Leaf

– Petiole - the stalk of a leaf a leaf without a petiole is sessile

– Blade - the flat, expanded portion of the leaf

Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification

Simple leaf– Stipule - flat, often leaf-like flap

below a leaf. Not all leaves have stipules. Stipules can be highly modified into tendrils, spines, scales, ect.

– Axillary bud - the bud in the axil - the angle between the leaf and stem.


Leaf arrangement– Alternate - leaves

arranged one per node


Leaf arrangement– Opposite - leaves

arranged two per node


Leaf arrangement– Whorled - arranged two

or more per node

Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant IdentificationLeaf arrangement

– Fascicled - leaves grouped in small, tight bundles


Simple and compound leaves– Simple - the blade is all

in one piece, though it may be lobed, toothed, etc.

Helpful Hint: In trying to decide where a leaf begins, look for the axillary bud. Everything above the axillary budis all one leaf.

Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant IdentificationSimple and compound leaves

– Compound - the blade is divided all the way to the midrib (rachis) into two or more pieces.


Compound leaves– Once pinnately

compound - leaflets arranged along one undivided main axis. (odd or even number of leaflets)


Compound leaves– Twice pinnately compound

- main axis (rachis) with two or more branches and the leaflets arranged along the branches. The branch divisions are primary leaflets and the ultimate divisions are secondary leaflets. There can also be thrice-pinnately compound leaves,etc.


Compound leaves– Palmately compound -

leaflets all arising from one point at the base of the leaf.


Leaf veination– Pinnate - with a main

midvein and secondary veins arising from it at intervals


Leaf veination– Palmate - with the

main veins all arising from one point at the base of the leaf.


Leaf veination– Parallel - with all the main veins parallel

(usually also parallel to the sides of the leaf.)


Leaf veination– Dichotomous -

with each vein branching in two again and again (e.g. Ginkgo)


Leaf lobing– Pinnately lobed - with the

lobes arising along the length of the mid-line of the leaf.

– Palmately lobed - with the lobes all arising from one point at the base of the leaf.


Leaf shapes– Ovate - egg-shaped with the

larger end at the bottom.

• Elliptic - shaped like an ellipse, tapered at both ends and with curved sides.


Leaf shapes– Oblong - tapered to both ends,

but with the sides more or less parallel.

• Lanceolate - shaped like the tip of a lance, broadest at the base and tapered to a long point.


Leaf shapes– Linear - very long and thin,

with the sides parallel

• Cordate - heart-shaped with the wide part at the bottom


Leaf margins– Entire - smooth, with no

teeth or lobes


Leaf margins– Serrate - with

sharp, forward-pointing teeth


Leaf margins– Doubly serrate -

with teeth which have smaller teeth on them


Leaf margins– Serrulate -

with very tiny sharp teeth


Leaf margins– Dentate - with

teeth which point outwards


Leaf margins– Crenate - with low,

rounded scallop-like teeth


Leaf margins– Undulate -

waving up and down


Leaf margins– Revolute - turned under


Leaf margins– Lobed, parted,

divided, cut, etc. - A number of terms describe the various degrees of lobing.

Documents

Class Outline Reminders : Quiz # 1 on Feb. 16 th Field Trip on Feb. 16 th to Bowen Park after quiz Level 1: review questions Level 2 Plant Uses Texture