Classification of knitting machines

7/30/2019 Classification of knitting machines

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Classification of knitting

machines


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The machines used for the manufacturing of knitfabrics can be divided into machines with

individually driven needles and needle barmachines.

The former type of machine incorporates needleswhich are moved individually by cams acting

on the needle butt; they are used for producing

weft knits and are subdivided into circularknitting machines and flat-bed knitting machines.

The needles used can be latch needles orcompound needles.


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The needle bar machines incorporate needleswhich move simultaneously, since they are all

fixed to the same bar; we distinguish full-

fashioned knitting machines and circular loop-wheel machines for the production of weftknit fabrics, which only use spring-beardneedles, and warp knitting machines whichuse spring-beard needles, latch needles andcompound needles.


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The Three Main Types of Needle

The needle is the basic element of loop

formation.

There are three most commonly used types of

needle the latch needle (a), the

spring-beard needle (b) and the compound

needle (c).


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Main parts

We can divide a needle into three main parts:

A. the hook, which takes and retains the thread to

be looped;

B. the hook opening and closing device, that allowsthe hook to alternatively take a new thread and

release the previous one;

C. a system allowing the needle to move and form

the loop.


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During the loop formation the hook must be

closed in order to transfer the previous stitch

already formed on the new thread; this

operation takes place in different ways

according to the type of needle used.


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With the latch needle, the latch is hinged at acertain distance from the hook and can revolve:

- the anticlockwise rotation, produced by thepressure of the loop, which is originally inside the

hook, opens the hook to allow a new thread to befed

-the clockwise rotation, produced by the pressureof the loop on the stem, allows the hook to be

closed and subsequently knocked over on thenew thread


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In spring-beard needles, the hook is closed by

an external device, the presser, which, at a

specific time during the stitch formation,

comes in contact with it and makes it bend

and close.

When the presser is pulled away, the hook

springs back and opens the needle

automatically.


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The compound needle includes (inside the

internal groove of the stem) a sliding closing

element, which opens and closes the hook

through its upward and downward motion


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Stitch formation


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Tuck stitch


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Float/miss


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Co,urse - the row of loops or stitches running across the width of afabric

corresponding to filling ofa woven fabric.

WaIe - in kdt fabrics, a column of loops running lengthwise the

fabric. Course Count.- the number of courses in a knit fabric per unit

length measure.

For example: courses per inch.

Wale Count - the number of wales in a knit fabric per unit length.

For example: wales per inch. Knit Loop- a stitch in a fabric the yam is formed into a loop shape

by the knitting elements. Knitting meshes or interlocks these loopsto form a fabric.


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Face Loop - a knitted loopformed on- thr. cylinder needles on aknitted machine.

Back Loop - a knitted loop fomied on the dial needles on a knittedmachine.

Stitch - in knitting a stitch is the loop geometry of a particular

pattem repeat. It may be in the form of a knitted, a tuck or a floatloop.

Tuck Loop,- a knitted stitch when a needle receives a new yamwithout losing

its old loop.

Float Loop - a knitted stitch when a needle holds its old loop anddoes not receive a new yam. It connects two loops on the samecourse but not in adjacent wales. AIso calleda miss-loop.


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Cut or Gauge - the number of needles per

inch in the circumference of the cylinder or

dial ofa knitting machine

Gaiting - the spacing of the needles in the dial

and the cylinder in relation to each other on

rib and interlock machines.


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Course


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Wale


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Stitch Density


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All stitches are formed by interlooping yarn in

same direction

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Classification of knitting machines