Classification of Living Things: --- How would you classify these organisms? --- What kinds of things would you look at to help you classify them? ---

(C) Copyright 2015 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

Classification of Living Things: --- How would you classify these organisms?

--- What kinds of things would you look at to help you classify them?--- What characteristics could you use?

Images courtesy of http://www.public-domain-image.com

http://www.public-domain-image.com/


Classification of Living Things

SC.6.L.15.1 Analyze and describe how and why organisms are classified according to shared

characteristics with emphasis on the Linnaean system combined with the concept of domains.

Objectives:• Analyze and describe how and why organisms are classified according to shared

characteristics.• Describe how the Linnaean system is used to classify organisms.

Guiding Questions:• How do scientists determine that living things are related?

• How are living things classified?• Why are living things classified?


Classification of Living Things: History

• Early explorers observed many plant and animal species along their journeys around the world.

• However, they didn’t have a defined system to identify theses organisms• The Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus, who studied plants, developed a

system to classify the plants that he observed.• He later included animals in his system of classification.• His system gave each individual living things a two-part scientific name.

This type of naming system is called binomial nomenclature.


Classification of Living Things: History

• The first part of the scientific name is the genus. • The second part of the scientific name is the species.• Each organism has its own unique name. Organisms may share the same

kingdom, phylum, class, order and family, but no other species has the same scientific name.

• Today modern taxonomy (the science of describing, classifying, and name living things) builds the early work of Linnaeus.

• Now scientists use an eight-level system to classify living things.• Because of advances in DNA technology, scientists can use genetic

information as well as physical characteristics and ancestral relatedness to classify organisms.


Classification of Living Things: Levels of classification

Image courtesy of http://lifeandearthsciences.wikispaces.com/file/view/exercise_taxonomy.png/309798352/645x252/exercise_taxonomy.png

http://lifeandearthsciences.wikispaces.com/file/view/exercise_taxonomy.png/309798352/645x252/exercise_taxonomy.png


Classification of Living Things:Eight Levels of Classification

1 - Domain: • Most general level of classification• There are three domains – Bacteria, Eukaryotes, Archaea

• Bacteria are prokaryotes, which are single celled organisms that lack a nucleus.

• Eukaryotes are single-celled or multi-celled organism with a nucleus and other organelles in their cells.

• Archaea are prokaryotes often found in very harsh environments such as hot springs and very salty water.


Classification of Living Things:Eight levels of classification

2 – Kingdom: There are six Kingdoms • Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia

3 – Phylum: subdivision of a Kingdom• Examples include Chordata, Magnoliopyta, Pinophyta

4 – Class: subdivision of a Phylum• Examples include Mammalia, Reptilia, Pinopsida


Classification of Living Things:8 levels of classification

5 – Order: subdivision of a Class

6 – Family: subdivision of an Order

7 – Genus: subdivision of a Family• First part of the scientific name

8 – Species: subdivision of a Genus• Second part of the scientific name • Organisms that are a part of the same species can mate and produce fertile offspring

Levels of classification: Example 1

Ursus Arctos

(G. Fischer de Waldheim, 1817)


Image courtesy of https://mm737.wikispaces.com/file/view/03%2520Classification%2520of%2520a%2520Species.jpg/143491145/443x203/03%2520Classification%2520of%2520a%2520Species.jpg

https://mm737.wikispaces.com/file/view/03%20Classification%20of%20a%20Species.jpg/143491145/443x203/03%20Classification%20of%20a%20Species.jpg


Levels of classification: Example 2

Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: PrimatesFamily: HominidaeGenus: HomoSpecies: sapiens

Homo sapiensLinnaeus, 1758

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus

Levels of classificati

on: Example 3

Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: Chordata Class: ReptiliaOrder: SquamataFamily: IguanidaeGenus: IguanaSpecies: iguana

Iguana iguana

(Laurenti, 1768)


Image courtesy of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_iguana#/media/File:Green_iguana_on_branch.jpg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_iguana

Levels of Classification: Example 4

Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: AvesOrder: PsittaciformesFamily: PsittacidaeGenus: AraSpecies: Ararauna

Ara ararauna

(Linnaeus, 1758)

(C) Copyright 2015 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.orgImage courtesy of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue-and-yellow_macaw#/media/File:Blue-and-Yellow-Macaw.jpg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue-and-yellow_macaw

The Sunflower Taxonomy (Student Example)

Kingdom – PlantaePhylum – TracheophytaClass – Magnoliopsida

Order – AsteralesFamily – AsteraceaeGenus – Helianthus

Species - annus

Image courtesy of https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/A_sunflower.jpg(C) Copyright 2015 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/A_sunflower.jpg




The Cow Taxonomy (Student Example)

Kingdom – AnimaliaPhylum – Chordata Class – MamaliaOrder – ArtiodactylaFamily – BovideaGenus – Bos Species - taurus

Image courtesy of https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cow-IMG_2050.JPG

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cow-IMG_2050.JPG


YOU DO: Quick WriteNow that we have worked through our notes and examples, you will respond

to the following question in your science journal. You are allowed to look back at your notes and previous examples.

How do scientists determine that living things are related?


Classification of Living Things: ‘How to Classify’

* Dichotomous keys are used to help classify or identify living things

* Let’s Practice using this Dichotomous Key to identify the name of

this bear

1. a) Has 2 body segments (upper & lower): Go to step 2b) Has 1 one body segment (upper): Go to step 3

2. a) Has 2 eyes: Go to step 4b) Has 1 eye: Fuzzywuzzy

3. a) Has 8 legs: Spidabahb) Has 12 legs: Centibear

4. a) Has heart-shaped nose: Go to Step 5b) Has squared shaped nose: Skidattle bear

5. a) Covered in brown fur: Go to step 6b) Covered in gray fur: Quenail bear

6. a) Has 4 toes: Shonuff bearb) Has 5 toes: Crepanzy bear

Image courtesy of https://www.flickr.com/photos/thepeachpeddler/9370191379/in/photostream/(C) Copyright 2015 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

https://www.flickr.com/photos/thepeachpeddler/9370191379/in/photostream/




Exit TicketThe teacher will pass out individual Exit Tickets

for students to complete and turn in.

Documents

Classification of Living Things: --- How would you classify these organisms? --- What kinds of things would you look at to help you classify them? ---