Classification Review Chapter 17 Classification - why? Name organisms Group in a logical manner Aristotles classification Blood and no blood Fly, walk, swim Carolus Linnaeus 1700s Names were too long- descriptive Bi-nomial nomenclature Bi? Nombre? Genus species Homo sapiens Taxonomy The science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms Groups within a taxonomic system is called a taxon There are 7 taxons or groups K kingdom 5 or 6 P phylum C class O order F family G Genus S species millions Kings protect citizens only for grape soda LINNAEAN CLASSIFICATION OF HUMANS Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Mammalia Subclass: Theria Infraclass: Eutheria Order: Primates Suborder: Anthropoidea Superfamily: Hominoidea Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: sapiens Primate characteristics Shortened snout Why? Primates rely less on their sense of smell and more on vision. Primates also have a reduced number of teeth as compared to other mammals. Several types of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, molars Why? With different types of teeth, they can eat a variety of foods and process food efficiently. They have incisors for biting, canines for shearing and premolars and molars for crunching food into digestable packages. Forward facing eye orbits Why? Primates have an increased emphasis on vision, so natural selection acted to position the eyes best for taking in the most visual stimuli. Stereoscopic vision Why? Stereoscopic vision means that the fields of vision provided by each eye overlap, resulting in what's called depth perception. This is extremely useful for forest-dwelling primates, as it lets them judge how far away the next branch is as they are moving from tree to tree. Three bones of the middle ear housed in a skull outgrowth (the auditory or petrosal bulla) Clavicles (collarbones) Why? Primates have very extensive shoulder motion because the clavicle provides the only bony link between the upper limb and the trunk. Two separate bones in the forearm and lower leg Why? Having two bones allows for better limb motion and more precise movements. Nails instead of claws Why? Nails allow primates to manipulate objects more easily. Increased thumb mobility Why? Again, related to manipulating objects. As you move across the primate order from lemurs and lorises to great apes, including humans, the thumb becomes more and more mobile Grasping feet Why? Primates have more big toe mobility for grasping and climbing. The only exception is humans (Homo sapiens). We have lost the grasping ability in our feet because our feet are designed to serve as a platform for walking Opposable thumbs lab KINGDOMS Animal Plant Bacteria ( Monera) Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protists Fungus Aunt Polly baked pies & fudge Animals play proudly back and forth everyday Domains (above kingdom) Archaea- uni cell no nuc, cell wall w/o pep Eukarya- P,F, Pl, An Bacteria Eubacteria, Uni cell, no nuc, and cell walls w/ pep