CLASSIFICATIONTaxonomy – to classify and name

organisms. It is a science.Why?? To name and group organisms

Name this animal Mountain lion? Cougar? Puma? Panther?

Answer ALL OF THEM!!!! Depending on what region you live in

Scientific Name Felis concolor To avoid confusion

caused by regional names, biologists use a classification system to group organisms in a logical manner and to assign names.

Scientific Names useBinomial Nomenclature

Two word naming system for organisms The first word is the Genus – capitalized The second word is the species –

lowercased The scientific name is in italics.

Scientific Names UsingBinomial Nomenclature

Ailuropoda melanoleuca (panda)

Ursus arctos or Ursus horribilus (grizzly)

Ursus maritimus (polar)

Linnaeus He was born in

Sweden in 1707 and lived to be 71.

He developed binomial nomenclature.

He also developed the 7 groups or taxa for naming organisms.

Seven Groups for Classifying Kingdom – the largest of the categories Phylum –includes several different classes Class – third largest grouping Order – includes several families Family – third smallest grouping Genus – a group of related species species – a group of similar organisms

(population) that can breed and produce fertile offspring

Can you figure out the order of classification for humans?

Directions: On your classification sheet, write the following human classification names in the appropriate classification level according to what you think: chordata, sapiens, animalia, mammalia, hominidae, homo, primata

KINGDOM

PHYLUM

CLASS

ORDER

FAMILY

GENUS

species

Classification of Humans Answer Key

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata (animals with a notochord, dorsal nerve cord and pharyngeal gill slits) subphylum: Vertebrata (possessing a backbone) Class: Mammalia (with hair, mammary glands in females secrete milk) Order: Primata (collar bone, eyes face forward, grasping hands with fingers) Family: Hominidae (great apes, with extinct Neanderthals, etc.) Genus: Homo (humans and related extinct species) species: sapiens (high forehead, well-developed chin, slender bone structure)

Therefore the scientific name for human is what? ___________________________

How will you remember the 7 groups?K ing (Kingdom) P hillip (phylum) C ame (class) O ver (order) F or (family) G ood (genus) s paghetti (species) (species)

How will you remember the 7 groups? On your paper create your own mnemonic to help you remember the 7 levels broad to specific (3 min).

K ------------ P ------------ C ------------ O ------------ F ------------ G ------------ s ------------

How do we group organisms?

Common anatomical structures

Similarities in DNA or genes

Cladistics Cladistics is the hierarchical classification

of species based on evolutionary ancestry.

Cladistics generates diagrams called cladograms that represent the evolutionary tree of life

Derived Characteristics Are characteristics that appear in their

current members, but not in its older member

Cladograms are also generated using derived characteristics

CladogramA diagram (branching tree) that shows the evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Dichotomous Keys

A series of paired statements that describe physical characteristics of different organisms

This method determines the identity of an unfamiliar organism by going through a series of choices that leads the user to the correct name of the organism.

Dichotomous means "divided in two parts".

Example of a dichotomous keyAt each step of the process of using the key, the user is given two choices; each

alternative leads to another question until the item is identified.

What do you remember???Answer these questions: The science of naming and classifying

organisms is called ____________ Binomial nomenclature includes the taxon

groups ________ and ________ of an organism.

Which group contains the largest number of organisms: class, order, or phylum?