CLEAN COAL DAY

JAPAN 2015 INTERNATIONAL

SYMPOSIUM

9 SEPTEMBER 2015 1

A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A CARBON ATOM

STARRING: ADOM

2

Japanese Weekend School – Perth 8 August 2015

3

CURRENT STATUS

• Commercial and policy settings in Western Australia and

Australia have changed since 2010;

• This presentation will focus on what activities involving site

characterisation in the South West of Western Australia;

• The area is close to major industries such as power stations

and alumina refineries;

• Collie coal is a domestic market;

• Collie coal has enormous potential for gasification;

• The Gorgon project on Barrow Island, in the North West will

commence Carbon Storage in mid 2016 – world’s largest

CCS project

4

DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND PETROLEUM

Will manage early stage activity including the provision of detailed

geological information, establishment of research capability,

acquisition of data and core and establishment of the community

engagement process

5

STORAGE PORTFOLIO

6

LOCATION

• In the heart of

South West

industry

• Does not

compete with

potable water

• 125 land

owners; next

to town

7

Screening Studies : 1998 – 2007

• GEODISC (1998 – 2000) studies considered containment as a high risk.

• Lack of the thick shallow aquifer (Yarragadee)

LesueurSandstone

CattamarraCoal Measures

Eneabba

CattamarraCoal Measures

Yarragadee

Yarragadee

SouthPerthShale Leederville

LesueurSandstone

CattamarraCoal Measures

Eneabba

CattamarraCoal Measures

Yarragadee

Yarragadee

Leederville

LesueurSandstone

CattamarraCoal Measures

Eneabba

CattamarraCoal Measures

YarragadeeLeederville

Yarragadee

South Perth Shale

Cockleshell Gully Fm

Harvey Ridge

YILGARN

CRATON

SUB-BASIN

VLAMING

Parm

elia

Hig

h

Roe H

igh

Bada

min

na

Fau

ltS

yste

m

TERRACE

MANDURAH

Harvey R

idge

Harvey T

ransfer

VLAMING

SUB-BASIN

FAU

LT

DU

NS

BO

RO

UG

H

TROUGH

BUNBURY

PERTH

Cockburn 1

Rockingham 1

Pinjarra 1

Lake Preston 1

Wonnerup 1

YILGARN

CRATON

SUB-BASIN

VLAMING

Parm

elia

Hig

h

Roe H

igh

Bada

min

na

Fau

ltS

yste

m

TERRACE

MANDURAH

Harvey R

idge

Harvey T

ransfer

VLAMING

SUB-BASIN

FAU

LT

DU

NS

BO

RO

UG

H

TROUGH

BUNBURY

PERTH

YILGARN

CRATON

SUB-BASIN

VLAMING

Parm

elia

Hig

h

Roe H

igh

Bada

min

na

Fau

ltS

yste

m

TERRACE

MANDURAH

Harvey R

idge

Harvey T

ransfer

VLAMING

SUB-BASIN

FAU

LT

DU

NS

BO

RO

UG

H

TROUGH

BUNBURY

PERTH

YILGARN

CRATON

SUB-BASIN

VLAMING

Parm

elia

Hig

h

Roe H

igh

Bada

min

na

Fau

ltS

yste

m

TERRACE

MANDURAH

Harvey R

idge

Harvey T

ransfer

VLAMING

SUB-BASIN

FAU

LT

DU

NS

BO

RO

UG

H

TROUGH

BUNBURY

PERTH

Cockburn 1

Rockingham 1

Pinjarra 1

Lake Preston 1

Wonnerup 1

LesueurSandstone

CattamarraCoal Measures

Eneabba

CattamarraCoal Measures

Yarragadee

Yarragadee

SouthPerthShale Leederville

LesueurSandstone

CattamarraCoal Measures

Eneabba

CattamarraCoal Measures

Yarragadee

Yarragadee

Leederville

LesueurSandstone

CattamarraCoal Measures

Eneabba

CattamarraCoal Measures

YarragadeeLeederville

Yarragadee

South Perth Shale

Cockleshell Gully Fm

Harvey Ridge

YILGARN

CRATON

SUB-BASIN

VLAMING

Parm

elia

Hig

h

Roe H

igh

Bada

min

na

Fau

ltS

yste

m

TERRACE

MANDURAH

Harvey R

idge

Harvey T

ransfer

VLAMING

SUB-BASIN

FAU

LT

DU

NS

BO

RO

UG

H

TROUGH

BUNBURY

PERTH

Cockburn 1

Rockingham 1

Pinjarra 1

Lake Preston 1

Wonnerup 1

YILGARN

CRATON

SUB-BASIN

VLAMING

Parm

elia

Hig

h

Roe H

igh

Bada

min

na

Fau

ltS

yste

m

TERRACE

MANDURAH

Harvey R

idge

Harvey T

ransfer

VLAMING

SUB-BASIN

FAU

LT

DU

NS

BO

RO

UG

H

TROUGH

BUNBURY

PERTH

YILGARN

CRATON

SUB-BASIN

VLAMING

Parm

elia

Hig

h

Roe H

igh

Bada

min

na

Fau

ltS

yste

m

TERRACE

MANDURAH

Harvey R

idge

Harvey T

ransfer

VLAMING

SUB-BASIN

FAU

LT

DU

NS

BO

RO

UG

H

TROUGH

BUNBURY

PERTH

YILGARN

CRATON

SUB-BASIN

VLAMING

Parm

elia

Hig

h

Roe H

igh

Bada

min

na

Fau

ltS

yste

m

TERRACE

MANDURAH

Harvey R

idge

Harvey T

ransfer

VLAMING

SUB-BASIN

FAU

LT

DU

NS

BO

RO

UG

H

TROUGH

BUNBURY

PERTH

Cockburn 1

Rockingham 1

Pinjarra 1

Lake Preston 1

Wonnerup 1

LesueurSandstone

CattamarraCoal Measures

Eneabba

CattamarraCoal Measures

Yarragadee

Yarragadee

SouthPerthShale Leederville

LesueurSandstone

CattamarraCoal Measures

Eneabba

CattamarraCoal Measures

Yarragadee

Yarragadee

Leederville

LesueurSandstone

CattamarraCoal Measures

Eneabba

CattamarraCoal Measures

YarragadeeLeederville

Yarragadee

South Perth Shale

Cockleshell Gully Fm

Harvey Ridge

LesueurSandstone

CattamarraCoal Measures

Eneabba

CattamarraCoal Measures

Yarragadee

Yarragadee

SouthPerthShale Leederville

LesueurSandstone

CattamarraCoal Measures

Eneabba

CattamarraCoal Measures

Yarragadee

Yarragadee

Leederville

LesueurSandstone

CattamarraCoal Measures

Eneabba

CattamarraCoal Measures

YarragadeeLeederville

Yarragadee

South Perth Shale

Cockleshell Gully Fm

Harvey Ridge

YILGARN

CRATON

SUB-BASIN

VLAMING

Parm

elia

Hig

h

Roe H

igh

Bada

min

na

Fau

ltS

yste

m

TERRACE

MANDURAH

Harvey R

idge

Harvey T

ransfer

VLAMING

SUB-BASIN

FAU

LT

DU

NS

BO

RO

UG

H

TROUGH

BUNBURY

PERTH

Cockburn 1

Rockingham 1

Pinjarra 1

Lake Preston 1

Wonnerup 1

YILGARN

CRATON

SUB-BASIN

VLAMING

Parm

elia

Hig

h

Roe H

igh

Bada

min

na

Fau

ltS

yste

m

TERRACE

MANDURAH

Harvey R

idge

Harvey T

ransfer

VLAMING

SUB-BASIN

FAU

LT

DU

NS

BO

RO

UG

H

TROUGH

BUNBURY

PERTH

YILGARN

CRATON

SUB-BASIN

VLAMING

Parm

elia

Hig

h

Roe H

igh

Bada

min

na

Fau

ltS

yste

m

TERRACE

MANDURAH

Harvey R

idge

Harvey T

ransfer

VLAMING

SUB-BASIN

FAU

LT

DU

NS

BO

RO

UG

H

TROUGH

BUNBURY

PERTH

YILGARN

CRATON

SUB-BASIN

VLAMING

Parm

elia

Hig

h

Roe H

igh

Bada

min

na

Fau

ltS

yste

m

TERRACE

MANDURAH

Harvey R

idge

Harvey T

ransfer

VLAMING

SUB-BASIN

FAU

LT

DU

NS

BO

RO

UG

H

TROUGH

BUNBURY

PERTH

Cockburn 1

Rockingham 1

Pinjarra 1

Lake Preston 1

Wonnerup 1

• CO2CRC study (2002-2005) looked closer at this issue.

• Lightly explored: limited well and seismic data

• Collie Basin screened out

• Harvey Ridge identified as a potential area of interest

• Structural geometry

• Thick marginal seal/reservoir overlying the injection zone

8

surfaceinjection

Yarragadee

YarragadeeLeederville Aquifer

> 2

km

th

ick

Cockleshell Gully

Upper Lesueur

Lower Lesueur

Sabina Fm

Inject at ~ 3km

Primary Migration

Secondary Percolation

Immobilized CO2

INITIAL LOWER LESUEUR

STORAGE CONCEPT – 2007 S. Varma, T. Dance, J. Underschultz, R. P. Langford and K. Dodds

(Not to Scale)

9

10

NEW DATA - 2D SEISMIC 2011

11

Seismic Line 11GA-LL2 (in time)

12

NEW DATA HARVEY 1 WELL

FEB 2012

Logging

Core

Quaternary GWSA Harvey 1

Eroded

Eroded

Unconformity

13

RESULTS: INJECTIVITY

Time [yrs]

Mas

sR

ate[

Mt/y

]

0 10 20 30 400

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

S1, S3, S5, S6, S7, S8

S2

S4

Sector Model - Field Injection Rate

• All scenarios apart from S2 and S4 can achieve the target rate

• Effect of closed boundaries apparent

Scenario No. Total injected

mass [Mt]

S1 236.4

S2 236.0

S3 236.4

S4 188.1

S5 236.4

S6 236.4

S7 236.4

S8 236.4

S9 236.4

Scenario No. Formation

Total

injected

mass [Mt]

Dissolved Immobile Mobile

[mass % of total CO2]

S1 Yalgorup

236.4 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Wonnerup 39 55 6

S4 Yalgorup

188.6 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Wonnerup 41 52 6

S7 (Shale

Case)

Yalgorup 236.4

1 1 1

Wonnerup 43 47 7

S8 (Silt Case) Yalgorup

236.4 5 6 3

Wonnerup 40 43 2

14

UNCERTAINTIES

Uncertainty Activity to Address

Uncertainty

Data Required

Co

nta

inm

en

t

Faults – Location,

reactivation pressures and

juxtaposition effects

3D Seismic survey

Geomechanical information

and modelling

Log data

Interpreted seismic,

images, logs

Faults and fracture

location, orientations

Fracture gradient Drilling

Core tests

Well logs

Leak off tests

Rock strength

MDT stress tests

Basal Eneabba Seal –

Quality and Continuity.

Yalgorup palesols extent and

ability to act as baffles

laterally and vertically.

Cores

Well Logs

Well tests – single well and

multiwall

3 D Seismic

Interpreted well ties and

correlations.

Well test interpretations

Capillary entry pressures Lab core analysis MCIP measurements In

jec

tivit

y

Kv/Kh ratios (Injection

horizons and overlying

formations

Coring

Well tests

Lab perm.

measurements

MDT data interpretation

Absolute Permeability Logs

Cores

Well tests

NMR, MDT meas.

Core flood data

Pressure interpretation

Relative permeabilities Coring Core flood data

Rel Perm end points

Initial Pore pressures Well Logs

Well tests

MDT, test Pressure data

Reservoir fluid salinity,

reactive flow and transport

effects

Coring

Well Logs

Fluid Samples

Reactive transport Modelling

Core floods and samples

analysis (SEM)

MDT samples and

analysis

Ca

pa

cit

y

Faults – Location,

compartmentalisation

3D Seismic Survey

Logs – Interference tests

Interpreted seismic

Pressure interference

data

Gross thickness of reservoir Well Logs

Seismic inversion

Lithology data

Quantitative processing

Net to Gross Well Logs

Cores

Vsh computation

Log – Core calibrations

Regional Reservoir Digenetic

trends

Well Logs

Cores

Facies and other core

information

2 Main Areas to be Investigated :

1. Secondary Containment – Upper Lesueur and Eneabba:

2. Injectivity and Primary Containment – Lower Lesueur

15

SEISMIC AND DRILLING STRATEGIES

Harvey 2, 3 and 4

December 2014 to June 2015

16

3D SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION

• Completed in April 2014

• Over 125 landowners

• Negotiations over 18

months

• 75 voluntary land

access agreements

• Most complex land-based

seismic in Australia

• Community engagement

throughout

17

3D DATA COVERAGE

SHALLOW

~150m deep

T=1299ms

Near

Wonnerup

level at H-2

F10B

F1

F2 F3

F10A

F4 F4

F1

F2 F3

F14

F9 F12

F7 F8

F13

F6

F6

F2

F1

F3 F4

F14

F9 F12

F7 F8

F13

F6

F6

DEEP

~2070m deep

Note there are less

holes at depth due

to “under-shooting”

18

CURRENT STATUS

Breakup Unconformity

Basal Eneabba Shale

GSWA Harvey-1

Wonnerup Member

Sabina Sandstone

6km

F10 Fault

Top of box is MSL

19

Well Locations

Harvey 2:

East of

fault

Harvey 3: S-East of Harvey 1

Harvey 4: S-East of

Harvey 1

Harvey 1:

West of

fault

• Spatial coverage in Area of

Interest

• Wonnerup to be deeper than in

Harvey 1

20

WHY DID WE DRILL?

• To confirm geology

• Is there containment

laterally?

• Wireline logging –

surface seismic

survey

• Core - for testing

21

SHALLOW WELLS – HARVEY 3, 4 AND 2

1,550 m 1,802 m 1,351 m

22

WHAT WE COLLECTED

• 2.136 kilometres of core

23

WHAT WE COLLECTED

Wireline logging data

24

WHAT WE COLLECTED

Formation pressure

and chemistry data

25

ANALYSIS PROGRAM

• Core analysis

• Wireline logging analysis

26

FUTURE REPORTING

• What’s been achieved?

• Drilling program

• Wells completed

• Coring

• Wireline logging

• Core analysis

• Rock ages

• What it means

27

28

RESEARCH PROJECTS

DMP directly funds ANLEC R&D

29

NGL Equipment and Facilities

• Organic and inorganic geochemistry laboratories

• Sensors laboratory

• Rock mechanics, including petrophysics, core

flooding and computer tomography

• CO2 processing and sequestration laboratory (UWA)

• Mobile (containerised) geophysical and geochemical

laboratories

• 3D immersive visualisation

• Surface and down-hole seismic sources

• Seismic recording and geophysical data acquisition

• Environmental (shallow groundwater, soil and

atmospheric) monitoring

• Calibration and training facilities, including a 900m

borehole (Curtin)

• “In situ” laboratory (SWH)

www.ngl.org.au

ODIN Reservoir Consultants Page 31 Tel: +61-414-246-600

CROSSLINE 5010

XL 5010

H-3-B Harvey-1

TWT Top Wonnerup

2010 : SOUTH WEST HUB CONCEPT

Primary Migration

and Immobilisation of CO2

Limited Secondary

Percolation

2015: All activity to date has justified the

initial concept.

1) Wonnerup is the main injection interval

2) Wonnerup is principal solubility and

residual trapping horizon

3) Yalgorup is the lower secondary confining

layer

4) Eneabba is the upper secondary confining

layer

32

• The Lesueur represents the best

opportunity for CCS in the South

West

• The absence of the Yarragadee is

critical

• The broad support, awareness of

the project and the community

acceptance of activities make it

imperative to keep the current

impetus.

• Investigations in other areas such

as Canning and Eucla ongoing

SUMMARY

33

10 YEAR TIMELINE

2009 • Examination of existing data 2010

• Project concept developed 2011 • 2D Seismic Survey

2012 • Harvey 1 Well

2014 • 3D Seismic Survey

2016 • Harvey 5 Well

2013 • Consultation and Planning

2014-5 • Shallow Well drilling program

2017+ • Additional Trials?

• Additional Wells?

• Investment Decision

2017? • Small Scale Trial?

34

THANK YOU

www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ccs

www.ngl.wa.org.au

35