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Clean energy, water and air are life-giving resources for which
we at LUT University seek new solutions with our expertise in
technology and business.
We help society and businesses in their sustainable renewal.
Our international community consists of 6500 members.
Our campuses are in Lappeenranta and Lahti, Finland.
IDEAL – Infrastructure development at LUT safety research laboratory and LUT Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory presentation
Joonas Telkkä
Project Researcher | LUT University
SAFIR2022 MIDTERM SEMINAR
INTRODUCTION TO THE IDEAL PROJECT
IDEAL – Infrastructure development at LUT safety research laboratory and LUT Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory presentation
Main goals
Develop the thermal hydraulic infrastructure at LUT University
Secure the operability of the existing test facilities, and build new
Safety significance
Experiments reveal things you did not know!
Large test facilities require maintenance and development
New measuring techniques produce highly detailed data for
▪ understanding of safety-relevant flow phenomena
▪ development and validation of computational tools
Deployment and utilization of the techniques must be practiced
Experimental infrastructure and expertise – labs, skill, staff, stuff –
enable rapid solution of problems that arise in the Finnish NPPs
THE IDEAL PROJECT
IDEAL – Infrastructure development at LUT safety research laboratory and LUT Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory presentation
WP1: Development of instrumentation
T1.1: Development of advanced measurement techniques
T2.2: Acquisition and implementation of new measurement techniques
WP2: Maintenance of test facilities
T2.1: Maintenance actions
T2.2: Procurement of equipment
WP3: Process control and computational systems
T3.1: Renewing of the field and process instrumentation
T3.2: Upgrade of the computational servers
T3.3: Enlargement of the data storage space
WP4: Development of the MOTEL test facility
T4.1: Assembling and erecting of the first version of MOTEL
T4.2: Design and construction of the next versions of MOTEL
T4.3: Shakedown tests of MOTEL
WP5: Project management
T5.1: Project management
T5.2: Participating in the SAFIR 2018 final seminar
T5.3: International co-operation
IDEAL WP1: DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION
PIV
Particle Image Velocimetry
(PIV)
Velocity field (2D/3D)
Also time-dependent WMS
Wire-Mesh Sensors (WMS)
2D fields:
▪ Void fractions
▪ Passive scalars
Bubble velocities
HSC
High-Speed Cameras (HSC)
Tracking of fast, visible phenomena
(e.g. steam condensation)
Pattern recognition
Multidimensional measurements for multidimensional modelling
Improved understanding and modelling of flow phenomena
Experiment
Opt. Fibre
Optic fibers
Temperature or strain
1D distributions at kHz
range,
< mm resolution up to 20 m
IDEAL – Infrastructure development at LUT safety research laboratory and LUT Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory presentation
IDEAL WP1: DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION
IDEAL – Infrastructure development at LUT safety research laboratory and LUT Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory presentation
Testing of the optic fibers for 1D temperature distribution measurement
In 2019, the fibers were tested in the water pool of the PASI facility → results not convincing, bends of the capillary pipes affecting the results?
In 2020, the technique was further tested as a bachelor’s thesis work
▪ Measurements in a simpler set-up → water pool, static water, isothermal conditions
▪ Study of the effect of the capillary pipe bends
▪ Study of the effect of vibration of the measurement system
▪ Study of the effect of temperature → measurements with cold (~10-20 °C) and hot (~50 °C) water
▪ Spatial resolution of the measurements 0.65 mm (max.)
1. Measurement with three fibers
2. Measurement with one fiber and multiple bends
Example result from the testing in
the PASI facility water pool
Measurement set-up
of the further testing
in the water pool of
the HIPE test facility
Schematic of the
three-fiber set-up
Schematic of the
one-fiber set-up
IDEAL WP1: DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION
IDEAL – Infrastructure development at LUT safety research laboratory and LUT Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory presentation
Testing of the optic fibers for 1D temperature distribution measurement
Example of a measurement result with the
straight fiber (red dots are the reference
thermocouple measurement values)
▪ Grey dots are time averages of the individual
fiber measurement points (spatial resolution
0.65 mm)
▪ Deviation of the values is relatively large,
even though there were no bends
Example of a measurement result with the
fiber with two bends (after shaking)
▪ Fiber gives in average smaller values
than the thermocouples
▪ Deviation even larger, ~3 degrees
(shaking makes the error a bit larger)
▪ Error in the fiber measurement, although
“cold” water was used
Example of a measurement result with the
fiber with six bends
▪ Really big differences between fiber and
reference measurements (even 4-5 deg.)
▪ Effect of the bends difficult to interpret from
the results of this work
IDEAL WP2: MAINTENANCE OF TEST FACILITIES
IDEAL – Infrastructure development at LUT safety research laboratory and LUT Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory presentation
The work package includes maintenance and repair works of the test facilities in the LUT laboratory
Highlights in 2019-2020:
Annual outages – calibrations of instruments, periodic pressure vessel inspections
Renovation actions of the laboratory
▪ Gratings and railings of the PACTEL laboratory renewed
▪ Compressed air system renewal
▪ Electrical system renewal begun in 2020
PASI facility steam supply system renewed → steam line from PACTEL to the new laboratory
Planning of the component stock
▪ To ensure the ability to construct new testing systems that require components with long delivery times without any delays
▪ Components include mechanical components, such as valves, instrumentation and maintenance components
IDEAL WP3: PROCESS CONTROL AND COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS
IDEAL – Infrastructure development at LUT safety research laboratory and LUT Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory presentation
The amount of data from the experiments has been expanded due to advanced and high-speed measurement capabilities
Enlargement of data storage space has been executed jointly with LUT internal investment project
Data storage will be done tripartitely in the future (see figure below)
▪ New data storage servers have been purchased
Also, upgrade of high-performance computing infrastructure has been realized
▪ New computing servers have been purchased → located in conjunction with the data storage servers in new centralized data storage room
Traditional
EDS storage
system
FairData cloud
service of CSC
Long-time storage
for traditional data
Long-time storage
for larger amounts
of data (PIV etc.)
HPC servers
Data storage during
experiments/calculations
Measurement
computersNew
centralized
data storage
Temporary
storage for large
data sets
IDEAL WP4: DEVELOPMENT OF THE MOTEL TEST FACILITY
IDEAL – Infrastructure development at LUT safety research laboratory and LUT Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory presentation
The first configuration of the MOTEL (MOdular TEst Loop) facility – MOTEL SMR – was assembled during 2019-2020 together with an Academy of Finland funding
In 2019, the framework and the facility itself were erected in the laboratory
▪ All the components and instrumentation were installed
In 2020, final installation works were done
▪ Insulation, final pipe works and auxiliary systems
Shakedown test was conducted in December 2020
▪ To ensure that instrumentation and process control work
Commissioning test in December 2020
▪ Testing of operation of pressure-related safety equipment → safety automation against over-pressurization, core overheating protection
Installations of thermoelements
to the steam generator tubes
Helical coil steam generator and
the secondary collectors inside
the pressure vesselCore with 132 heating rods, 16
instrumentation rods and 145 dummy rods
IDEAL WP4: DEVELOPMENT OF THE MOTEL TEST FACILITY
IDEAL – Infrastructure development at LUT safety research laboratory and LUT Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory presentation
MOTEL assembling
in the factory
MOTEL assembling to its framework
in the LUT laboratory
MOTEL steam
generator module
LUT THERMAL HYDRAULICS LABORATORY PRESENTATION
IDEAL – Infrastructure development at LUT safety research laboratory and LUT Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory presentation
MOTEL – studies on the SMR behavior
PASI – studies on the passive heat removal
Condensation studies
Existing old facilities – PWR PACTEL and PPOOLEX
MOTEL – STUDIES ON THE SMR BEHAVIOR
IDEAL – Infrastructure development at LUT safety research laboratory and LUT Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory presentation
The first MOTEL (MOdular TEst Loop) version – MOTEL SMR – models the functioning of a SMR (similar to that of NuScale SMR)
Total height ~7.7 m, width ~0.7 m, natural circulation
Comprises three changeable modules
1. Core (general representation of a fuel bundle)
2. Steam generator (unique helical coil type)
3. Pressurizer (two 30 kW heaters)
Design pressure/temperature 40 bar/250 °C
Main research interests:
▪ Functioning of SMR
▪ Behavior of the helical coil steam generator
▪ 2D/3D phenomena in the core (not been possible with traditional integral test facilities with thin cores)
Current situation:
▪ Shakedown tests and the commissioning test done in the end of 2020
▪ Characterizing experiments show that distortions due to pressure and heat losses are much less than in traditional IET facilities
▪ MOTEL will be used in the EU-funded McSAFER project → helical SG behavior, core cross flow tests (mixing between subchannels)
Pressurizer
Steam
generator
Core
Secondary
water in
Secondary
steam out
PASI – STUDIES ON THE PASSIVE HEAT REMOVAL
PASI represents an open passive heat removal loop
The reference system is the passive heat removal system for containment (PHRS-C) designed for the AES-2006 type PWR
PASI comprises containment vessel, heat exchanger, riser and downcomer lines, sparger, water pool
▪ Height scaling 1:2 → height of the loop 9.9 m
▪ Maximum pressure inside containment 5 bar
▪ Maximum temperature inside containment 170 °C
PASI has been used in the SAFIR PAHE project and in an industrial contract research with a Finnish customer
▪ Characteristics and dynamics of the system, natural circulation behavior, loop oscillations,…
PASI is one of the two central elements in the EU-funded PASTELS project to study the behavior of passive systems and provide code validation data
▪ Stationary performance of the system → sensitivity to loop friction, effect of pool water level, effect of different sparger structures
▪ Transient performance → startup transient, water pool refill
IDEAL – Infrastructure development at LUT safety research laboratory and LUT Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory presentation
PASI – STUDIES ON THE PASSIVE HEAT REMOVAL
IDEAL – Infrastructure development at LUT safety research laboratory and LUT Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory presentation
New water pool New sparger
PASI in the
laboratory
CONDENSATION STUDIES
LUT has good capabilities and readiness to conduct condensation experiments
Condensation studies of LUT have continued with studies in a separate effects facility, SEF-POOL
▪ Characteristics of small-scale condensation phenomena, which affect the effective momentum sources in case of steam injection into a sub-cooled water
▪ Data for validation of simplified EHS/EMS models proposed and developed by KTH (Sweden)
▪ Understanding of the interfacial area behavior → tests support the DCC model development and interfacial area models of CFD codes for steam injection through spargers
LUT has good high-speed imaging capabilities
High-speed cameras have been used in the SEF-POOL tests → the HSC data has been used to develop the in-house built pattern-recognition algorithm
▪ Automatic procession of large amount of dynamic data to extract the interfacial area information (bubble velocity, acceleration, diameter,…)
High-speed camera attached to the SEF-POOL test facility
Steam condensation in cold water (2800 frames/s)
Steam condensation in hot water (2800 frames/s)
IDEAL – Infrastructure development at LUT safety research laboratory and LUT Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory presentation
EXISTING OLD FACILITIES
The PWR PACTEL facility still in active use
▪ In the SAFIR PATE project
▪ In the OECD/NEA ETHARINUS project to complement the PKL experiments in selected topics → studies on SB-LOCA, one experiment with a hot-leg break, one with a cold-leg break
▪ Readiness for vertical steam generator investigation
▪ Old horizontal steam generators (VVER) still on place
The future of the PPOOLEX facility is open
▪ BWR containment phenomena studies can be continued, if needed
▪ Facility can be re-configured to represent a reactor pressure vessel
▪ RPV downcomer experiments (mixing phenomena)
▪ SMR applications; e.g. inherent heat removal from large vessel outer surfaces
PWR PACTEL
PPOOLEX
IDEAL – Infrastructure development at LUT safety research laboratory and LUT Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory presentation