Cleaner TechnologiesFor

WATER & WASTE WATER TREATMENT

ION EXCHANGE (INDIA) LTD

……In IndiaIn India

Of India’s annual $9.7 billion environmental damage, $7 billion due to air and water pollution

Rampant industrial water pollution due to nearly 3 million small & medium-size enterprises

Untreated & under-treated effluent cause severeecological degradation and water contamination<30% of population have access to safe drinkingwater

Green IssuesGreen IssuesEnvironmental pollution

• Afforestation

• Bio-diversity

• Sustainable agricultural practices

• Dredging, countryside management

>> 150 million hectares of land degraded and unfit for agriculture; 70% wildlife lost due to deforestation & urbanisation

Blue IssuesBlue Issues

Tremendous pressure on available finite water resources due to rapid industrialisation,

expanding population, increasing pollution and excessive use and misuse of water

DroughtScarcity& rising costs Pollution

The Need for cleaner technologies

• Water & Waste water treatment equipment are increasingly being used for water recovery

• Treatment units and technologies should not generate waste and add to pollution

• Treatment units should leave the smallest carbon footprint possible

• Treatment shpuld not produce harmful byproducts in the treated water / waste

CLEANER TECHNOLOGIES

•Ultra Filtration

•Reverse Osmosis

•Membrane Bioreactor

Membrane Technologies

Other Technologies•Electrodeionisation

•Ozonation

Membrane Processes• Ultra filtration and Reverse osmosis are the two fastest

growing membrane technologies.

• Membranes offer solutions for effective water management, resource conservation, recycling and recover

• Membranes offer cleaner solutions – Eliminate/ reduce use of chemicals

• Piloting and testing always recommended for new applications / waste streams.

• Membrane systems compact and user friendly making it suitable for homes and communities.

WHAT IS FILTRATION?It is a physical process of separating particulate matter from fluids such as liquid/air by passing fluid through a medium which will not pass the particulates. No requirement of chemicals.

Different types of filtration.ReverseOsmosis Nanofiltration Ultrafiltration Microfiltration

0.001 1.00.10.010.0001Microns

MonovalentSalts

Divalent SaltsSugars

VirusesColloidsSilicatesProteinsMicrooganismsTurbidity

Suspended Material

ULTRAFILTRATION

Why use a membrane filter?

• Chemical-free water treatment technique– Eliminate coagulant and flocculant treatment– No residual chemicals in the filtered water

• Physical barrier, unlike conventional filtration.– In situ integrity check with air diffusion and visual

inspection• Consistent water quality even with feed spikes

– Handles wide variations and upsets in water source

• No constant operator attention– Only chemicals used are for intermittent

cleaning

Ultra Filtration System

REVERSEREVERSE

OSMOSIS OSMOSIS

SYSTEMSYSTEM

Schematic representation - Reverse Osmosis system

WATER SOLUTION

HIGH PRESSURE PUMP

RO MODULE

PERMEATE

REJECT

Principle of RO Technology

• Operating cost less than DM plant for higher TDS• No regeneration – No chemical waste• Variation in TDS does not significantly alter

performance of reverse osmosis• Better purification• Expand capacity at minimum cost• In addition to dissolved salts, RO removes colloids,

organics and bacteria • RO can be used to recycle and reuse treated

waste water

Advantages of Reverse Osmosis

MEMBRANE BIO REACTORSUBMERGED MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY

Ultrafiltration in MBRUltrafiltration in MBR

Membrane Module

Air Line

Aeration Tank

Sludge outlet

Wastewater inletTreated water

Vacuum pump

MEMBRANE BIO REACTOR

Operation of MBR• Immersed Ultrafiltration membrane system

• Cleaner technology for waste water treatment with low energy consumption

• No chemicals used in operation

• Revolutionary Submerged Flat Sheet Membranes immersed in a biological process treatment tank

• Effluent is drawn through surface of membrane in an “ outside - in” flow path producing treated water of reusable quality

MBR PERFORMANCE:MUNICIPAL SEWAGE

• PARAMETER MBR REMOVAL• EFFLUENT• BOD < 2 mg/l > 99%• TSS < 1 mg/l > 99% • TKN < 2 mg/l > 96% • NH3 < 0.3 mg/l > 97% • Total P < 0.1 mg/l --• Turbidity < 1 NTU > 99% • Total Coliforms < 100 cfu/100 ml > 6 log• Feacal Coliforms < 10 cfu/100 ml > 6 log•

• NOTE: Values for Municipal Sewage with an organic loading of 2.5 kg/m3 per day of BOD, and a Hydraulic retention time of less than 2 hrs.

•

Conventional ASP v/s MBR

MBR SYSTEM 25%

CONVENTIONAL ASP100%

TANK VOLUME

CASE STUDYCASE STUDYUse of membrane technologies to Use of membrane technologies to maximisemaximise

recovery in Textile Industryrecovery in Textile Industry

Textile Common Effluent Treatment Plant in Tirupur in Southern India.Faced Closure if Zero Discharge not implementedTOTAL TREATMENT CAPACITY - 10000 Cu.m. per day A trouble free and trusted process to maximize recovery and product recovery was essentialNecessary for lowest waste generation from treatment processPilot Trials carried out for 50 and then at 500 m3/day to choose scheme.Some factors deciding scheme and also membrane flux:

• Membrane filtration essential pre RO.• With 2 stages of RO, recovery of over 80% can be achieved• RO reject can be used as brine solution.• Total waste from the system can be reduced to 7%• RO system can handle the blend of dye bath & wash water.

Pilot Plant500 m3/day

Bar Screen

Equali-sationtank

Sandfilter

Membrane Bio Reactor

ROFeed tank

IEXRO - II

82%Permeate

NF – Reject management

system

Brinesolution

Brine solution

Reject18%

SBS

dosi

ng

Filter feed pump

TREATMENT SCHEME FOR 10 MLD

HRSCC Activatedcarbonfilter

Lim

eFe

SO4

Poly

mer

FinalReject 7 – 8 %

RO - I

TREATED WATER TDS : < 250 ppm

Recovery of permeate : 82 – 83%

REJECT Quantity of reject : 7 – 8 %

BRINE SOLUTION

Quantity of brine solution(Reusable) : 10%

ELECTRODEIONIZATION

---Replacing conventional technologies for Polishing water

EDI Technology

• Ions removed continuously• Resins in Steady State (no

regen)• No chemicals• Upflow design

(+) (-)

UltrapureProduct

Feed

Na

Na

H

Cl

Cl

OH

C A C A

Conc Conc

H

Na

OH

Cl

Benefits of EDI Technology•Constant process with stable product quality

•No acid or caustic regenerants required.

•No upsets or downtime for regeneration

•No need for high purity water rinse and backwash.

•Produces high purity water with high water recovery(95%)

•No regeneration of waste•Eliminates need for a waste treatment plant•Eliminates acid and caustic storage tank•Eliminates acid and caustic dilution skid•Reduced floor space•Safe and reliable (No chemical handling)•Used in combination with RO to produce high purity water without chemicals

•Easy to install

Additional technology Benefits

Ozonia’sOzone Technology

-- A step towards cleaner technology

Ozone Plant Technology

Gasout

Water in

Treated water out

Air preparationsystems

Liquid Oxygen(LOX)

On site oxygenpreparationsystems

Feed gaspreparation Ozone generation Ozone contacting Vent ozone destruction

Advantages and benefits of ozone

• Most powerful disinfecting agent available industrially

• Removal of color, taste and odor• Support for flocculation• Economical• Safe and largely experienced process• Environmentally favorable• No Trihalomethanes as by-product

• Most powerful disinfecting agent available industrially

• Removal of color, taste and odor• Support for flocculation• Economical• Safe and largely experienced process• Environmentally favorable• No Trihalomethanes as by-product

Applications of OzoneApplications of Ozone• Drinking water

• Pulp and paper bleaching

• Industrial Waste water

• Sewage disinfection

• Ultra pure water and process water recycling

• Drinking water

• Pulp and paper bleaching

• Industrial Waste water

• Sewage disinfection

• Ultra pure water and process water recycling

• Leachates

• Cooling towers

• Aquaculture

• Swimming pools and spas

• Foodstuffs industry

CLEANER T

HE TECHNOLOGY…

…

GREENER T

HE ENVIRO

NMENT