Clemens Findeisen German Biogas Association

Biowaste to Biogas – production of energy and fertilizer from organic waste

Content

• Anaerobic digestion of organic waste

• Comparison of different operation technologies in use

• Biogas upgrading to Biomethane

2

German Biogas Association

Headquarters in Freising 23 employees, organised in 10 departments

Board of Trustees Elected honorary spokesmen of regional groups, working groups and

advisory boards

Steering Committee 7 members, elected for a 4-year-period

Berlin Office 5 employees

Regional offices (North, South, East, West and Editorial Office Biogas Journal 5 employees

Advisory Boards, Working Groups Advisory boards of plant operators, companies, the legal profession, funders; Working groups for the areas permissions, safety, feeding-in

of biogas, environment, heat, waste and fertiliser law

over

400

hon

orar

y ex

pert

s

23 Regional groups in Germany

4,800 Members

Operators of biogas plants

Research Institutions

Interested private individuals Companies and manufacturers

Lawyers

Corporate finance Public authorities

Providers of feedstock

Planners, advisers, laboratories Mem

ber o

f the

Eur

opea

n B

ioga

s As

soci

atio

n (E

BA)

Number of biogas plants in Germany

4

139 159 186 274 370 450 617850

1.0501.300

1.6001.7502.050

2.680

3.5003.711

3.891

4.984

5.905

7.1757.515

7.8507.9448.005

650

1.1001.271

1.377

1.893

2.291

3.097

3.3523.543

3.8594.054

0

500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

3.000

3.500

4.000

4.500

0

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

9.000

Inst

alle

d el

ectr

ic c

apac

ity

Num

ber o

f bio

gas

plan

ts

Years

Number of biogas plants in GermanyInstalled electric capacity in Megawatt [MW]

© Fachverband Biogas e.V. / German Biogas Association

4 GW Biogas capacity installed el. Power (5% ! of total PC)

Fields of Application for Biogas

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Excrements Energycrops Household waste Industrial and commercial waste

Liquid and solid manure, dung…

Grass, maize, corn, potatoes, fodder beet, mustard, silage…

Beet leaf, straw, harvest residues., vegetable matter …

separate collected household biowaste (“biobin”), garden and park waste, organic fraction of mixed waste, sewage sludge,...

Catering waste, food waste, leftovers, expired food, fat separator contents, flotation tailings, old fat and grease, blood, residues from milk production, vegetable waste, brewer grains, molasses, distiller´s wash, …

Agricultural by-products

Feedstock in German biogas plants

Biogas plant

Digestate

Biogas Heat, electricity, fuel

Fertilizer

Agriculture

14,2 million t/a separately collected biowaste (incl. 8,2 million t/a household biowaste = biobin + garden waste)

Incineration Composting Fermentation

material energetic recycling/ recovery

Approx. 5,7 million t/a biowaste About 300 – 400 plants (85 municipal plants)

Source: Statistisches Bundesamt, 2012, Fachverband Biogas estimation

Biogas from biowaste in Germany

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Clean waste streams

Contaminated waste streams

Waste preparation

Shredding, sieving, metal separation Manual separation

Bioextrusion

Sanitation and stabilisation of biowaste

Sanitation stabilisation Biowaste Sanitized and

stabilized digestate

Thermophilic Digestion (> 50°C)

Thermophilic Composting

Pasteurisation (>70°C; 1h; 12 mm)

Mesophilic Digestion

Option 3

Option 2

Option 1

Other validated method Option 4

Nutrients of digestate

pH DM Nges Nava P2O5 K2O MgO S Org. Humus

% FM % TM % Nges % TM % TM % TM % TM % TM % TM

7.1 – 8.4 3 - 95 3 - 17 30 - 100 1 - 6 2 .5 - 8 0.4 – 2 0.4 - 3 40 - 80 10 - 12

Liquid digestate

Separated digestate

Composted digestate

Pelletised digestate

Dried digestate

Liquid Upgrading

Pelletising Composting Drying

Separation

Upgrading of the digestate

Content

• Anaerobic digestion of organic waste

• Comparison of different operation technologies in use

• Biogas upgrading to Biomethane

14

Systematization of the digestion systems

Source: Prof. Weiland, FAL Braunschweig, 2006

Characterization : Difference

1 Moisture level of substrate Wet- or Dryfermentation

2 Process temperature Mesophilic or thermophilic digestion

3 Process stages Single- or multistage process

4 Material flow Continuous or discontinuous process

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Technologies in use in Germany Wet digestion

Complete Mixed Reactor Dry continuous digestion

Plug Flow Reactor Dry batch digestion

Garage Systems

< 15 % dm 15 – 30 % dm > 30 % dm

Thermophilic Thermophilic Thermophilic

Mesophilic Mesophilic Mesophilic

Complete mixed reactor - inside a digester

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©Fachverband Biogas e.V.

Source: Schmack Biogas AG

Capacity: 32.000 t/a Input: Municipal + commercial organic waste, garden waste Biogas for: 1.200 kWel

Compost: 15.000 t/a Commissioning: December 2014

WastERGY® Plant Hochfranken

Owner / operator RSB Bioverwertung GmbH

Source: Rehau Group – Energy Solutions

Complete mixed reactor - with a two stage process

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Origin: Snow Leopard

Kenya / 2 MW / vegetable waste

Origen: Axpo Kompogas AG, Kompostwerk Lemgo

Input

digestate

biogas

20

Plug flow reactor

Plug flow reactor

21

•Origen: Axpo-Kompogas / Büchl Entsorgungswirtschaft GmbH; BioIN GmbH

Incineration Plant

Acceptance hall (deep bunker) Municipal Solid Waste

Waste Recycling technique

Acceptance Hall (deep bunker) Source Seperated Biowaste

Intermediate bunker hall

Digester 2 x TTV 1650

Liquid & Solid seperation

Gas purification (Membrane System) & Gas grid injection

Post-composting hall

Liquid storage tanks

•Origen: Augsburg/Thöny AVA Abfallverwertung Augsburg GmbH

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•Origen: Augsburg/Thöny

Plug flow reactor

Plug flow reactor

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•Origen: Berlin Ruhleben, BSR, Strabag

Dranco Technology: Chagny (FR): MSW & GREEN WASTE

•Origen: OWS

26

Hydraulic digester

• No mechanical equipment like

agitators • Mixing and substrate discharge is

driven by biogas produced by digester • Effective sediment and floating

material discharge • Defined flow without short circuiting

Source: AAT Biogas Technology

Origen: Bekon Energy Technologies GmbH & Co. KG

Garage System

27

Origen: Eggersmann 28

Garage System

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Origin: Bekon Energy Technologies GmbH & Co. KG

Garage System

30

Hybrid anerobic digestion Origin: Schmack / Viesmann Group

Content

• Anaerobic digestion of organic waste

• Comparison of different operation technologies in use

• Biogas upgrading to Biomethane

31

Source: FVB (2006)

Comparison between biogas and biomethane

Biogas

Biomethane (natural gas quality)

Methane (CH4) 50-75 % > 97 %

Carbon dioxide (CO2) 25-45 % < 3 %

Oxygen (O2) 2-4 % < 0.5 %

Hydrogen sulfide(H2S) < 0-6,000 ppm < 5 ppm

What‘s biomethane?

Biomethane is a cleaned (free of H2S, water, etc.)

and upgraded (nearly free of CO2) biogas…

…and therefore…

…a sustainable and renewable natural gas substitute

Origin: Michael Beil, Fraunhofer Institute

Source: EBA Biogas Report 2014

21%

40%5%

30%

3%

1%

Pressure Swing Adsorption

Water Scrubber

Physical absorption

Chemical absorption

Membrane separation

Cryogenic separation

Split of biomethane upgrading units in Europe in 2013

Some Facts on Biomethane

• The gas can be tapped from the natural gas grid and be converted into power or heat; it can be used as fuel for vehicles or it can be stored for several months

• 900 CNG fuelling station in Germany – more than a third of third offer partially or 100 percent biomethane

• A vehicle operated with biomethane reduces the CO2 emissions by up to 90 per cent as compared with a conventional petrol-fuelled vehicle.

• It costs the vehicle owner only half of costs per kilometre in Germany when using biomethane

• Costs: 1,12 € per kg Biomethane (with 20 € a distance range of aprox. 400 km can be reached) 36

Conclusion

• Biogas is as an all-rounder and a key in the energy mix • Various environmental benefits by AD • Digestate is high quality organic fertiliser (nutrients, humus) • Main trends in Germany:

1. Feedstock: manure/waste - no energy crops 2. Flexibility (balancing the fluctuating power generation)

• Huge potential and interest for biogas worldwide (biowaste, agricultural residues, landfill gas, sewage gas, use of biomethane as a fuel) -> know-how is necessary

• Safety standards and operators training! • Lot of experience and know-how in Germany. Partnerships!

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Thank you for your attention!

16.-18.02. 2016 BIOGAS Conference / Nürnberg 15.-17.11. 2016 BIOGAS Conference & Trade Fair / Hannover parallel to EnergyDecentral • Biogas Basics!

• Know-How Transfer!

• International Panel on

Development & Emerging Countries!

• Best practise on Waste digestion and „exotic“ substrates!

www.biogas.org 38

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Clemens Findeisen

Consultant Development Cooperation German Biogas Association

Telefon: 0049 (0) 1763 / 17 88 290

Email: clemens.findeisen@biogas.org Internet: www.biogas.org