cleofg ;dfrf/ h'nfO { —cui6@)!@ - AI Nepal · cleofg ;dfrf/ h'nfO { —cui6@)!@ 3

cleofg ;dfrf/ h'nfO{ —cui6@)!@

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a]kQf ;d:of l56f] 6'+Uofpm ;bfem}+ o;kfln klg @(cf}+ a]kQf;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o lbj; cu:6 #) cyf{t\ ebf} !$ ut] g]kfndf klg dgfOof] . lbj;sf] cf;kf;df sl/a Ps xKtf ljljw ultljlw x'g] u/] klg c¿ ;dodf g ;/sf/nfO{ km';{b 5 g cGo lgsfonfO{ g} o;af/]df km';{b b]lvG5 . kLl8t kl/jf/hg klg 3/fo;L ;d:ofsf sf/0f cfgf] Ph]G8fnfO{ rsf]{ ¿kdf p7fP/ lg/Gt/tf lbg c;dy{ /x]sf kfOG5g\ . o;n] ubf{ pgLx¿sf] ;d:of tTsfn} ;dfwfg x'g] s'/fdf cem} cGof]n /x]sf] 5 . o;kflnsf] a]kQf lbj;sf] cl3Nnf] lbg ;/sf/n] a]kQf vf]hlag / ;To lg¿k0f;DaGwL cWofb]z /fi6«klt;dIf k]; u/]sf] 5 . of] cWofb]zdf a]kQf u/fpg] sfo{df ;+nUgx¿nfO{ ;/sf/sf] thlahsf cfwf/df cfddfkmL lbg ;lsg] s'/f klg pNn]v ePsf] 5 . h;sf] ;j{qaf6 s8f cfnf]rgf ul/Psf] 5 . a]kQf agfpg] sfo{df ;+nUg JolQmnfO{ cfddfkmL lbg] k|;+u lgZro klg lgGbfhgs 5 . o;df ;/sf/n] ljrf/ k'¥ofpg'kg]{df kLl8tx¿nfO{ kL8fdfly emg\ kL8f yKg] sfd ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5, h'g cfkm}+df b'ef{Uok"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . kLl8tnfO{ Gofo lbnfpgsf nflu cfof]usf] u7g clgjfo{ /x]sf] 5 t/ cfof]u u7g;DaGwL h'g cWofb]z clxn] ;/sf/af6 cl3 ;fl/Psf] 5 Tof] cWofb]z cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08cg'¿k 5}g . To;}n] /fhgLlts bnx¿n] ;xdltsf cfwf/df ljutsf] Ps bzs nfdf] åGåsf kLl8tx¿nfO{ cljnDa ;To, Gofo / kl/k"/0fsf nflu sbd rfNg ca l9nf ug'{ kfO“b}g . o;kflnsf] @(cf}+ a]kQf lbj;sf ;Gbe{df cfof]lht sfo{qmddf kLl8tx¿n] ca klg Gofo gkfOPdf cfkm"x¿ abnf lng hfOnfUg] atfPsf 5g\ . h'g lgs} ;+j]bgzLn s'/f xf] . ;dodf Gofo gkfp“bf pgLx¿ cfqmf]lzt x'g' c:jfefljs xf]Og . o;tkm{ ;Da4 ;a}sf] a]n}df Wofg hfcf];\ / a]kQf;DaGwL ;d:ofsf] tTsfn ;dfwfg ul/of];\ .

h'nfO{–cu:6, @)!@ PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfnsf] k|sfzg July-August, 2012

;DkfbsLo

kLl8tnfO{ Gofo lbnfpgsf nflu cfof]usf] u7g clgjfo{ /x]sf] 5 t/ cfof]u

u7g;DaGwL h'g cWofb]z clxn] ;/sf/af6 cl3 ;fl/Psf] 5 Tof]

cWofb]z cGt/f{li6«o

dfkb08cg'¿k 5}g .


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a]kQf;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o lbj; dgfOof]

cWofb]zsf ;DaGwdf kLl8tx¿sf] cfqmf]z

@(cf}+ a]kQf;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df /fhwfgLdf @)^* ebf} !! b]lv !$ ut];Dd cfof]lht ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿df kLl8t kl/jf/hgn] ;/sf/åf/f xfn} :jLs[ltsf nflu /fi6«klt;dIf k7fPsf] a]kQfx¿sf] vf]hlag / ;To lg¿k0f;DaGwL cWofb]zsf af/]df cfqmf]z kf]v]sf 5g\ . pQm cWofb]zdf cfddfkmLsf] k|;+u;d]t /x]sfn] To;df cfnf]rgf ePsf] xf] . rf/ lbg;Dd ;~rflnt tL sfo{qmd PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfn;d]tsf !( j6f ;+3;+:yfx¿åf/f ;+o'Qm ¿kdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf lyP .

cfj/0f


3

x:tfIf/ ;+sng

PcfO{ g]kfnn] a]kQfx¿sf] cj:yf ;fj{hlgs ug{ / pgLx¿nfO{ ;To, Gofo / kl/k"/0fsf] Joj:yfsf] cfu|x ub}{ ebf} !$ ut] Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . nlntk'/sf] kf6gl:yt sflQs 8anLdf cfof]lht ;f] x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmddf ljleGg ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglw, kLl8t kl/jf/ / :yfgLo afl;Gbfsf] 7"nf] ;+Vofdf pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf PcfO{ g]kfnsf tkm{af6 pkdxf;lrj /fhg s'OFs]n, k"j{dxf;lrj zDe' 7fs'/, sfo{qmd clws[t ef]nf e§/fO{ tyf PcfO{ g]kfnsf ljleGg ;d"xsf k|ltlglwx¿sf] klg ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . a]kQf gful/ssf] :d[ltdf bLk k|HHjng

ebf} !$ ut] ;fFem a]kQfx¿sf] :d[ltdf nlntk'/sf] sflQs 8anLdf bLk k|HHjng ul/Psf] lyof] . ljutsf] åGådf a]kQf ePsf !#)% eGbf a9L gful/ssf] :d[ltdf !#)% Kn;sf] cfsf/df lbof] aflnPsf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df ljleGg ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdsf] klg cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmddf ljleGg /fhgLlts bn ;Da4 k|ltlglwx¿n] a]kQfsf] :d[ltdf uLt / g[To k|:t't u/]sf lyP .


4

xfdL cWofb]zsf] ljkIfdf 5f}+ M cfof]u

a]kQf lbj;s} lbg /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf] ;efsIfdf cfof]lht Ps sfo{qmddf cfof]usf cWoIf s]bf/gfy pkfWofon] ;/sf/n] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] a]kQf / ;To lg¿k0f cfof]u;DaGwL cWofb]zsf] ljkIfdf /x]sf] hgfpg'eof] . pxfFn] cfof]un] a]kQfx¿sf kl/jf/sf kL8fdf ;w}+ ;fy lbg] k|lta4tf;d]t hgfpg'eof] . ;f] cj;/df zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfnosf ;lrj w|'j zdf{n] klg kLl8t kl/jf/x¿sf] ;d:ofdf ;/sf/ ;r]t /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf a]kQf kl/jf/ /fli6«o ;~hfnsf cWoIf /fds'df/ e08f/Ln] a]kQf ePsf kl/jf/sf] kL8fsf ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . sf7df8f}+df ¥ofnL

g]kfnsf dfgjclwsf/ cleoGtf / a]kQfx¿sf kl/jf/x¿n] ebf} !$ ut] laxfg /fhwfgLdf Ps ¥ofnLsf] cfhgf u/] . ;f] cj;/df pgLx¿n] a]kQfsf] vf]hL ug{ cfu|x ub}{ kLl8tx¿nfO{ /fxtsf] Joj:yf ug{ cfu|x u/]sf lyP . ¥ofnL sf7df8f}+sf] e[s'6Ld08kaf6 z'¿ eO{ k'tnL;8s, afuahf/ x'Fb} /Tgkfs{sf] zflGtjfl6sfdf k'u]/ ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] .


5

;fj{hlgs ;'gjfO

o;} u/L ebf} !# ut] /fhwfgLdf Ps ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO sfo{qmdsf] klg cfof]hgf ul/of] . ;f] cj;/df tTsfnLg ;+ljwfg;efsf ;ef;b\x¿ clUg v/]n, k'ikf e';fn / Ps/fh e08f/L tyf /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]usf cWoIf z]if rfFb tf/fn] kLl8tx¿sf k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf kLl8t kl/jf/x¿n] …ls ;f; b]pm ls nf; b]pmÚ eg]/ dfu u/]sf lyP . ;f]xL cj;/df P8\ef]s];L kmf]/dåf/f tof/ kfl/Psf] kLl8tx¿sf] kL8f;DaGwL j[Qlrq klg ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] lyof] . cWofb]z lkmtf{ ug{ /fi6«kltnfO{ kq

cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yf PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn, x'dg /fO6\; jfr, OG6/g];gn sld;g ckm h'l/:6 / 6«fon -b08xLgtfsf lj?4 :jL; ;+3_ n] /fi6«klt 8f= /fdj/0f ofbjnfO{ @)%( ebf} !% ut] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf Ps kq k7fO{ dlGqkl/ifb\åf/f ebf} !@ ut] kfl/t u/L :jLs[ltsf nflu k7fOPsf] a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf] cg';Gwfg / ;To tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u u7g;DaGwL cWofb]z cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08cg'¿k gePsfn] lkmtf{ ug{ cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] kqdf dfgjclwsf/sf] pNn+3gsf ;DaGwdf ;To, Gofo / kl/k"/0f g]kfnL hgtfsf] jiff+}{b]lvsf] k|d'v dfu /x]sf] hgfpFb} k6sk6ssf] k|lta4tfsf] afah'b klg To;kl5sf ;/sf/x¿ tL dfu k"/f ug{ c;kmn /x]sf] hgfPsf 5g\ . kqdf …oxfFnfO{ k7fOPsf] cWofb]zdf klg Gofosf nflu g]kfnL hgtfsf] clwsf/nfO{ c:jLsf/ ul/Psfn] of] cWofb]z tTsfn lkmtf{ ug{sf nflu xfdL k|f]T;flxt ub{5f}+Ú elgPsf] 5 . jQmJodf OG6/g];gn sld;g ckm h'l/:6sf Pl;of k|zfGt If]qLo lgb]{zs ;fd hfl/kmL, 6«fonsf lgb]{zs lkmlnk u|fG6, x'dg /fO6\; jfrsf Pl;of lgb]{zs a|f8 cf8D; / PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnsf Pl;of k|zfGt sfo{qmd pklgb]{zs kf]nL 6«:sf]6n] x:tfIf/ ug'{ePsf] 5 .

PcfO{ g]kfndf cfa4 ljleGg ;d"x / o'yg]6js{x¿n] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL clen]vsf] P]lR5s pkn]v cg'df]bg ug{ cfu|x ub}{ b]zsf ljleGg efudf x:tfIf/ ;+sng ul/Psf ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf 5g\ M

;d"x—^^, bfª

PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–^^, bfªn] @)^( c;f/ @) ut] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL clen]vsf] P]lR5s pkn]v cg'df]bg ug{ cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] .

pkn]v cg'df]bg ug{ cfu|x ub}{ x:tfIf/ ;+sng }


6

;d"x—##, gf/fo0fL PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–##, gf/fo0fLsf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( c;f/ % ut] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL cle;lGwsf] P]lR5s pkn]vdf x:tfIf/ ug{ cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .

;d"x—*, sf7df8f}+ PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–*, sf7df8f}+sf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( c;f/ @( ut] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL cle;lGwsf] P]lR5s pkn]vdf x:tfIf/ ug{ cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .

cfbz{ o'yg]6js{, emfkf PcfO{ g]kfn cfbz{ o'yg]6js{, emfkfn] @)^( c;f/ @) ut] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL clen]vsf] P]lR5s pkn]v cg'df]bg ug{ cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] .

;d"x—@!, sf7df8f}+ PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–@!, sf7df8f}+sf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( c;f/ @( ut] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts cle;lGwsf] P]lR5s pkn]vdf x:tfIf/ ug{ cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] .

;d"x—#(, g'jfsf]6 PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–#(, g'jfsf]6sf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( c;f/ @# ut] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL clen]vsf] P]lR5s pkn]v cg'df]bg ug{ cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] .

;d"x—#^, Ko'7fg

PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–#^, Ko'7fgsf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( h]7 @) b]lv @@ ut];Dd cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL cle;lGwsf] P]lR5s pkn]v cg'df]bgsf] cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ul/of] . lkmlbd o'yg]6js{, kf“ry/ PcfO{ g]kfn lkmlbd o'yg]6js{, kfFry/sf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( h]7 !( ut] cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL cle;lGwsf] P]lR5s pkn]v cg'df]bgsf] cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGGf eof] . lqmol6e o'yg]6js{, lrtjg PcfO{ g]kfn lqmol6e o'y g]6js{, lrtjgsf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( h]7 @) ut] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL clen]vsf] P]lR5s pkn]v cg'df]bg ug{ cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .

;d"x—*#, emfkf PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–*#, emfkfsf] cfof]hgfdf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL cle;lGwsf] P]lR5s pkn]v cg'df]bgsf] cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .


7

;d"x—!^, jL/uGh PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–!^, jL/uGhsf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( c;f/ @* ut] ;+o'Qm, /fi6«;+3Lo cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts cle;lGwsf] P]lR5s pkn]vdf x:tfIf/ ug{ cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . ;d"x—&^, uf]/vf PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–&^, uf]/vfsf] cfof]hgfdf cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL cle;lGwsf] P]lR5s pkn]vdf x:tfIf/ ug{ cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] .

;d"x—@#, lj/f6gu/ PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–@#, lj/f6gu/sf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( c;f/ @# ut] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL cle;lGwsf] P]lR5s pkn]v cg'df]bgsf] cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . ;d"x—!!, lj/f6gu/

PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–!!, lj/f6gu/sf] cfof]hgfdf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL cle;lGwsf] P]lR5s pkn]vdf x:tfIf/sf] cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGGf ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] cj;/df g]kfnL sf+u|];sf :yfgLo g]tf eLd l3ld/], lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L of]u]Gb| a/fn, clws[t 6+s uf}td, ;d"x–!! sf ;+of]hs hLjg sf]O/fnf, ;d"x–@# sf ;+of]hs s'ndl0f ltlD;gf, ;d"x–$! sf ;Nnfxsf/ lszf]/ e§/fO{, ;d"x–&# sf ;+of]hs ljdn /fhe08f/Lsf] klg ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

ag]kf o'y g]6js{, ag]kf PcfO{ g]kfn ag]kf o'y g]6js{ ag]kfsf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( c;f/ ! ut] cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL cle;lGwsf] cg'df]bgsf] cfu|x ub}{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/of] .

af/fxL o'y g]6js{, kf]v/f PcfO{ g]kfn af/fxL o'yg]6js{ kf]v/fsf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( h]7 #! Uft] cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL cle;lGwsf] P]lR5s pkn]v cg'df]bgsf] cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ul/of] .


8

PcfO{ g]kfndf cfa4 ljleGg ;d"x / o'yg]6js{sf] ;xeflutfdf PcfO{ g]kfnn] b]zsf ljleGg efudf cfk|jf;L >ldssf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0fsf af/]df cleofg rnfpFb} cfPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf PcfO{ g]kfnn] lgDg :yfgdf Sof/fefg ;DkGGf u/]sf] 5 M gjnk/f;L

PcfO{ g]kfn /fli6«o ;lrjfno / PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–$), sfjf;f]tLsf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( c;f/ @^ ut] cfk|jf;L >ldssf] xsclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug{ cfu|x ub}{ hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . sfo{qmddf PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o r]tgf/fo0f e';fn, gjnk/f;Lsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L jL/axfb'/ /fO{, PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|tfk kf}8]n, PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–##, gf/fo0fLsf k|ltlglw /fh]Gb| kf}8]n / g]kfnL sf+u|];sf lhNnf k|ltlglw b'uf{axfb'/ /fgfn] sfo{qmdsf] dxŒjaf/]df af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .

o;} u/L, g]skf–dfcf]jfbLsf lhNnf k|ltlglw n]vgfy a:ofn, dlxnf ;dfh;]jL vlu;/f u'?ª, k|x/L gfoa pk/LIfs d's'Gb d/fl;gL, uf}/Lz+s/ 8]enkd]G6 a}+s s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf k|aGws czf]s v8\uL, s'df/jtL{ ax'd'vL SofDk;sf k|d'v df]tL/fd ltjf/L, n'lDagL cfbz{ l8u|L sn]hsf k|d'v afa'/fd /fgf, l;4fy{ cfjf;Lo pRr dfljsf k|frfo{ ef]h/fh bfxfn, 6«]8 o'lgog lhNnf ;lrj ;'ef; e';fnnufotn] dGtJo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf :yfgLo a'l4hLjL, ljleGg uflj;sf ;lrj, lzIfs, k|fWofks, ;~rf/sdL{, j}b]lzs /f]huf/df ;+nUg cfk|jf;L >ldssf cfkmGthgnufot ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . Uff]/vf PcfO{ g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf uf]/vfdf klg j}b]lzs /f]huf/L;DaGwL hgr]tgf km}nfpg] p2]Zon] @)^( ;fpg $ ut] Ps Sof/fefg sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . sfo{qmddf lhNnf GofofwLz lnKtaxfb'/ yfkf, k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L sdnk|;fb e§/fO{, g]kfnL sf+u|]; uf]/vfsf ;lrj ;'sb]j bjf8L, dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfh uf]/vfsf cWoIf ob'k|;fb clwsf/L, 6«]8 o'lgog sf+u|];sf lhNnf cWoIf O{Zj/ kl/of/, PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|tfk kf}8]n, PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–$@, uf]/vfsf ;+of]hs d~h' cof{nnufotn] ;f] cj;/df cfk|jf;L >ldssf] clwsf/sf af/]df dGtJo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ljleGg k];f / Joj;fo;Fu ;Da4 ! ;o hgfeGbf a9L dflg;sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

cfk|jf;L >lds ljz]if


9

l;/fxf

PcfO{ g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( ;fpg % ut] cfk|jf;L >ldssf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0fsf] cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L w|'jk|;fb 9sfn, sn]lS6e SofDk]g km/ lk; -sf]Sofk_ sf If]qLo ;b:o lzjk|;fb e§/fO{, PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o nIdL lg/f}nfnufotn] sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zoaf/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df ljleGg ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw / ;/f]sf/jfnf;d]t u/L ^% hgfeGbf a9Lsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .


10

PcfO{ g]kfndf cfa4 ljleGg ;d"x / o'yg]6js{x¿n] cfk|jf;L >ldssf] xsclwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsf] cfu|x ub}{ b]zsf ljleGg efudf x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sf ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . k|:t't 5 ;+lIfKt ljj/0f M

dfpG6 Pe/]:6 o'yg]6js{, DofUbL PcfO{ g]kfn dfpG6 Pe/]:6 o'yg]6js{ DofUbLsf] cfof]hgfdf cfk|jf;L >ldssf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0fsf] cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .

;d"x—*#, emfkf PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–*#, emfkfsf] cfof]hgfdf @)^(c;f/ ( ut] j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg rfxg]x¿sf nflu Ps hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . sfo{qmddf emfkfsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L of]u]Gb| b'nfnn] z'esfdgf dGtJo lbg'ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmddf PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o nIdL lg/f}nfnufotn] klg af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .

cfbz{ o'yg]6js{ emfkf PcfO{ g]kfn cfbz{ o'yg]6js{ emfkfsf] cfof]hgfdf cfk|jf;L >ldssf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0fsf] cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] .

;d"x—!^, jL/uGh PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–!^, jL/uGhsf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( c;f/ !$ ut] cfk|jf;L >ldssf] xsclwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsf] cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . ;d"x—@), sf7df8f}+ PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–@), sf7df8f}+sf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( c;f/ !& ut] j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg] g]kfnLsf] clwsf/ ;'/lIft ug{ cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .

ljZj s~rg ;d"x—$%, lkmlbd PcfO{ g]kfn ljZj s~rg ;d"x–$%, lkmlbdsf] cfof]hgfdf Onfdsf] ljBfdlGb/sf ljBfyL{x¿;Fu ;'/lIft j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf ;DaGwdf Ps cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . ljBfnosf lgb]{zs d's'Gb u'/fufO{+sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o n]vgfy lg/f}nf -nIdL_ n] ;xhLs/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;f] ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks ljZj lu/Ln] ;'/lIft j}b]lzs /f]huf/ / ljBfyL{sf] e"ldsfaf/]df rrf{ ug'{ePsf] lyof]

;d"x $@, uf]/vf PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–$@, uf]/vfn] cfk|jf;L >ldsx¿sf] clwsf/ ;+/If0fsf] cfu|x ub}{ @)^( c;f/ @@ ut] Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/of] .

cfk|jf;L >ldssf] clwsf/sf nflu


11

sf“qm]ljxf/ o'yg]6js{, ;'v]{t PcfO{ g]kfn sfFq]mljxf/ o'yg]6js{sf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( c;f/ ( ut] cfk|jf;L >ldssf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0fsf] cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .

;d"x—*, sf7df8f}+ PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–*, sf7df8f}+sf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( ;fpg & ut] cfk|jf;L >ldssf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0fsf] cfu|x ub}{ Ps kqn]vg sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . ;f] sfo{qmddf g]kfn 6]lnsdsf] sd{rf/L o'lgogsftkm{af6 klg ;fy lbOPsf] lyof] . ljZj s~rg ;d"x—$%, lkmlbd PcfO{ g]kfn ljZjs~rg ;d"x–$%, sf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( ebf} #@ ut] ;'/lIft j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf ;DaGwdf Ps cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . sfo{qmddf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L sf]ifxl/ lg/f}nf, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf lhNnf ;efklt g/]Gb|s'df/ s]?ª, g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf pk;efklt /fhs'df/ e08f/L, ;+o'Qm lnDa'jfg /fHokl/ifb\sf k|ltlglw rGb| cfËbDa], lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nosf k|x/L gfoa pk/LIfs ljgf]b l;njfn, kqsf/ o'j/fh ljjznufotn] ;f] cj;/df ;'/lIft j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf ;DaGwdf rrf{ ug'{ePsf] lyof] . s~rg o'yg]6js{, s~rgk'/ PcfO{ g]kfn, s~rg o'y g]6js{, s~rgk'/n] jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efsf] cj;/df @)^( ;fpg ^ ut] cfk|jf;L >ldssf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0fsf] cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . hf];]km o'y g]6js{, sf7df8f}+ PcfO{ g]kfn hf];]km o'y g]6js{ sf7df8f+}sf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( c;f/ @$ ut] cfk|jf;L >ldssf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0fsf] cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . ;d"x—#^, Ko'7fg

PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–#^, Ko'7fgsf] cfof]hgfdf cfk|jf;L >ldssf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0fsf] cfu|x ub}{ @)^( c;f/ ( ut] b]lv !! ut];Dd Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . ;d"x—*#, emfkf PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–*#, emfkfsf] cfof]hgfdf @)^(c;f/ ( ut] j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ld hfg rfxg]x¿sf nflu Ps hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . sfo{qmddf emfkfsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L of]u]Gb| b'nfnn] z'esfdgf dGtJo lbg'ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmddf PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o nIdL lg/f}nfnufotn] klg af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . ;d"x—#(, g'jfsf]6 PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–#(, g'jfsf]6sf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( c;f/ @# ut] cfk|jf;L >ldssf] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsf] cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . ;d"x—*, sf7df8f}+

PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–*, sf7df8f}+sf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( ;fpg @@ ut] cfk|jf;L >ldssf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0fsf] cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/of] . sfo{qmddf g]kfn 6]lnsd >lds o'lgogsf] klg ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .


12

;d"x—@!, sf7df8f}+ PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–@!, sf7df8f}+sf] cfof]hgfdf cfk|jf;L >ldssf] xslxt ;+/If0fsf] cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .

;d"x—*&, emfkf PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–*&, emfkfsf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( c;f/ ! ut] cfk|jf;L >ldssf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0fsf] cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof]

PcfO{ g]kfndf cfa4 ;d"x / o'yg]6js{x¿n] ljleGg :yfgdf k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sf ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . k|:t't 5, ;lIfKt ljj/0f M

;d"x—^^, bfª PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–^^, bfªsf] cfof]hgfdf g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/Lsf nflu Pslbg] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;DkGGf ul/of] . PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|df]b Gof}kfg]sf] k|d'v cfltYotf tyf ;z:q k|x/L a]; SofDk t'N;Lk'/sf k|x/L lg/LIfs ;'/h kf08], dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhsf s]Gb|Lo pk;efklt df]xgk|;fb lwtfn, dfgjclwsf/ ;+/If0f d~r bfªsf cWoIf kbdk|;fb j}lbs, l/kf]6{;{ Sna bfªsf cWoIf z/b /]UdL, ;z:q k|x/L gfoa lg/LIfs sdn s];Lnufotn] klg af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . tflndsf] k|lzIfsdf PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|df]b Gof}kfg], clwjQmf kbdk|;fb j}lbs,

df]xg lwtfn, kqsf/ z/b /]UdLnufotsf /xg'ePsf] lyof] . tflnddf dfgjclwsf/sf] /Iffsf nflu PDg]:6Lsf] e"ldsf, df}lns xs, oftgf tyf Ifltk"lt{ Pjd\ kqsf/ / ;'/IffsdL{aLrsf] ;DaGwnufotsf ljifodf k|lzIf0f lbOPsf] lyof] .

OlGhlgol/ª o'y g]6js{, nlntk'/

PcfO{ g]kfn OlGhlgol/ª o'y g]6js{, nlntk'/sf] cfof]hgfdf Ps k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .

s~rg o'yg]6js{, s~rgk'/

PcfO{ g]kfn s~rg o'y g]6js{, s~rgk'/ / zflGtsf nflu ;femf cleofg -sf]Sofk_ ;'b"/klZrd If]qLo sfof{nosf] cfof]hgfdf …o'jfx¿sf nflu dfgjclwsf/ tyf PcfO{sf] cleofgÚ af/]df Ps cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd @)^( ebf} @ ut] cfof]hgf ul/of] . sfo{qmddf ;f] o'yg]6js{sf ;+of]hs dfwj clwsf/L / ;b:o eLd rGbn] dfgjclwsf/sf ljljw kIfaf/]df k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf sf]Sofksf If]qLo ;+of]hs k|sfz

kf08]osf] klg ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

k|lzIf0f


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DofGdf/df dfgjclwsf/sf nflu x:tfIf/ ;+sng ;d"x—*#, emfkf PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–*#, bdssf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( h]7 !% ut] adf{df dfgjclwsf/ ;+/If0fsf] cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng tyf k|bz{g sfo{qmd u¥of] .

g]kfn M s0f]{n a:g]tnfO{ a9'jf gu/ PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn, x'dg /fO6\; jfr / OG6/g];gn sld;g ckm h'l/:6n] @)^( ;fpg & ut] Ps ;+o'Qm jQmJo

k|sflzt u/L e}/jgfy u0fdf ;a{;fwf/0fnfO{ a]kQf kfg]{ sfo{df ;+nUg d'Vo JolQm s0f]{n /fh' a:g]tnfO{ a9'jf gug{ cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ . tL ;+:yfx¿n] jQmJodf g]kfnL ;]gfn] dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3g;DaGwL s'g} klg 36gfdf ;+nUg ePsf] JolQm :jtGq / lg:kIf 5fglagåf/f lgbf]{if ;fljt geP;Dd pgLx¿nfO{ a9'jf gug]{ gLlt cjnDag ug'{kg]{ hgfPsf 5g\ .

g]kfnL ;]gfn] a:g]tnfO{ la|u]l8o/ hg/ndf a9'jfsf nflu l;kmfl/; u/]kl5 cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yfx¿n] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf cfjfh p7fPsf x'g\ . …a:g]tpk/ nufOPsf] cf/f]k cfwf/e"t k|df0fsf cfwf/df lgs} uDeL/ vfnsf /x]sf 5g\ / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u / g]kfns} /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf] 5fglagsf qmddf klg k|df0fsf af/]df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5Ú –x'dg /fO6\; jfrsf Pl;of lgb]{zs a|f8 cf8D;n] eGg'ePsf] 5 .

o:t} PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnsf blIf0f Pl;of lgb]{zs kf]nL 6«:sf]6n] dxf/fhuGh Aof/]sdf ePsf] oftgf / cdfgjLo sfo{df oy]i6 k|df0f ePsf] hgfpg'ePsf] 5 . o:t} cfO{;Lh]sf Pl;of k|zfGt lgb]{zs ;fd hfl/kmLn] dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ a]kQfdWo]sf s]xLnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ul/g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] eP klg To;f] gePsf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . pxfFx¿n] a:g]tnfO{ ;f] 36gfsf af/]df 5fglag u/L sf/afxL k|lqmof cl3 a9fpg cfu|x;d]t ug'{ePsf] 5 . o;}aLr dlGqkl/ifb\n] a:g]tsf] a9'jf;DaGwL kmfOn cl3 ga9fO{ ;]gfnfO{ g} lkmtf{ k7fPsf] 5 . >Ln+sfdf dfgjclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug{ cfu|x ub}{ x:tfIf/ ;+sng ;d"x—*#, emfkf PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–*#, emfkfsf] cfof]hgfdf >Ln+sf ;/sf/nfO{ dfgjclwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug{ cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ul/of] . ;f] cj;/df :yfgLo Jofkf/L, sd{rf/L, ljBfyL{ tyf ;j{;fwf/0f;d]t u/L ^ ;o hgfsf] x:tfIf/ ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] . cGt/f{li6«o Gofo lbj; cfddfkmL glbg cfu|x ljleGg jQmfx¿n] ljutsf] åGåsf qmddf ljleGg ck/fwdf ;+nUgx¿nfO{ cfddfkmL glbg ;/sf/nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ . cGt/f{li6«o Gofo lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn;d]tsf ljleGGf ;+:yfåf/f ;+o'Qm ¿kdf @)^( ;fpg @ ut] cfof]lht 5nkmn sfo{qmdsf jQmfx¿n] ;f] s'/f atfPsf x'g\ . …uDeL/ dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3g M ljZjJofkL Gofok|0ffnL / g]kfnÚ ljifodf cfof]lht ;f] sfo{qmddf af]Nb} g]kfnsf nflu a]nfotsf /fhb"t hf]xg PGyf]gL 6'Sg6n] uDeL/ dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gdf ;+nUgnfO{ ;/sf/n] cfddfkmL lbg gx'g] atfpg'eof] . olb g]kfn ;/sf/n] o:tf 36gfdf ;+nUgnfO{ cfddfkmL lbG5 eg] a]nfot ;/sf/n] g]kfnnfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u ub}{g . o;} u/L, cgf}krfl/s ;]jf s]Gb| -OG;]s_ sf cWoIf ;'af]w/fh Kofs'/]nn] d'n'sdf dfgjclwsf/o'Qm jftfj/0f l;h{gfsf nflu gful/s cfrf/;+lxtfsf] h?/t /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] ck/fwdf ;+nUgnfO{ ;/sf/n] cfddfkmL lbg gx'g] ;d]t pNn]v ug'{eof] .

ljljw


14

sfo{qmddf dfgjclwsf/sdL{ r/0f k|;fO{+n] h;n] uDeL/ dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3g u/]sf 5g\ pgLx¿ cGt/f{li6«o Gofo k|0ffnLaf6 jl~rt x'g gkg]{ pNn]v ug'{eof] . ;f] cj;/df af]Nb} PsLs[t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf g]tf tyf k"j{;ef;b\ Ps/fh e08f/Ln] jt{dfg ;/sf/ zflGtk|lqmof 6'+Uofpg]eGbf klg ef/tnfO{ l/emfpg nfluk/]sf] eGb} s8f cfnf]rgf ug'{eof] . sfo{qmddf sfo{kq k|:t't ub}{ clwjQmf uf]ljGb aGbLn] h;n] g]kfndf ck/fwdf ;+nUgnfO{ pGd'lQm lbg] s'/f u/]sf] 5 pgLx¿ /fhgLltdf ;+nUg /x]sf] eGg g;lsg] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmd g];gn sf]ln;g km/ b OG6/g];gn lqmldgn sf]6{ -Pg;LcfO{;L;L_, PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfn, cgf}krfl/s If]q ;]jf s]Gb| -OG;]s_, x'dg /fO6\; PG8 8]df]qm]l6s kmf]/d -kmf]l/8_, sn]lS6e SofDk]g km/ lk; -sf]Sofk_ / OG6/g];gn sld;g ckm h'l/:6\; -cfO{;Lh]_ g]kfnn] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf cfof]hgf u/]sf x'g\ . sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj kmf]l/8sf cWoIf g"tg yklnofn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng OG;]ssf lgb]{zs ljho/fh uf}tdn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . cGt/f{li6«o Gofo lbj; h'nfO{ !& sf lbg ljZjel/ g} dgfOg] u/]sf] 5 . of] lbg cGt/f{li6«o Gofo lbj;sf ¿kdf 5flgg'df ;f]xL lbg /f]d ljwfg cg'df]bg ePsfn] xf] . ! h'g @)!) df o'ufG8fsf] sDkfnfdf ePsf] /f]d ljwfgsf] k'g/fj]bg ;Dd]ngdf !& h'nfO{nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o Gofo lbj;sf ¿kdf dgfpg] lg0f{o ul/Psf] lyof] . ;d"x—^&, x]6f}+8fsf] jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutf

PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–^&, x]6f}+8fsf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( c;f/ ! ut] dfWolds ljBfno:t/Lo jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . dfgjclwsf/ / ljBfyL{ ljifodf cfof]lht ;f] k|ltof]lutfdf :yfgLo !@ ljBfnosf @$ hgf 5fq5fqfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . k|ltof]lutfdf x]6f}+8f df]8{g Oª\ln; :s'nsf 5fqf df]gfnL 8+uf]n k|yd, ;f]ln8fol/6L OG6/g];gn Ps]8]dLsf ;f/f cfrfo{ låtLo tyf gjf]bo lzz' ;bgsL s]o' af:sf]6f t[tLo ePsf lyP . ljhoLx¿nfO{ sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly tyf PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–^&, x]6f+}8fsf k"j{;+of]hs hLjgsfhL dfsh' >]i7n] k'/:sf/ tyf k|df0fkq ljt/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

s~rg o'y g]6js{, s~rgk'/åf/f /f]d ljwfg cg'df]bg ug{ cfu|x PcfO{ g]kfn s~rgo'y g]6js{ s~rgk'/n] k|wfgdGqL 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{nfO{ Ps kq k7fP/ cGt/f{li6«o kmf}hbf/L cbfntsf] /f]d ljwfg cg'df]bg ug{ cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnn] b08xLgtfsf] cGTosf nflu ljutdf w]/} k|lta4tf hgfPsf] / /f]d ljwfgsf] cg'df]bg ul/Psf] cj:yfdf g]kfnsf] OHht /xg] hgfOPsf] 5 .


15

;d"x—##, gf/fo0fLåf/f sf]O/fnfsf] Wofgfsif{0f PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–##, gf/fo0fL;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf :yfgLo dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglwn] åGåsf qmddf kLl8tx¿sf] kL8fsf] cem} ;Daf]wg ug{ g;s]sf] eGb} g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt ;'zLn sf]O/fnfnfO{ Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf 5g\ . Gfjnk/f;Lsf] u}+8fsf]6df cfof]lht Ps cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf ;f] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] xf] . dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflGt ;dfhsf k"j{s]Gb|Lo pk;efklt p4j nf]xgLsf] g]t[Tjdf uPsf] ;f] 6f]nLdf PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–##, gf/fo0fLsf ;+of]hs ch'{g clwsf/Lsf] klg ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . hjfkmdf sf+u|]; ;efklt sf]O/fnfn] cfgf] kf6L{n] dfgjclwsf/ / ljlwsf] zf;gdf ljZjf; ug]{ / åGåsf ;dodf dfcf]jfbLaf6 w]/} uNtL ePsf] eGb} ;f] kf6L{n] g} lhDd]jf/L lng'kg]{df To;f] gePsf] cf/f]k nufpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf zflGt ;dfhsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ljZj af:tf]nf, lrtjg ;efklt /fh]Gb| kf}8]n, gjnk/f;Lsf ;efklt Zofd;'Gb/ k/fh'nL, /fdxl/ clwsf/L, sf+u|]; s]Gb|Lo ;b:o s[i0frGb| g]kfnLnufotn] klg af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . Wfflbª, o'yg]6js{, wflbªåf/f j[If/f]k0f PcfO{ g]kfn wflbª o'yg]6js{, wflbªsf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( c;f/ @) ut] :yfgLo gLns07 SofDk;sf] xftfdf j[If/f]k0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . ;f] sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g ;f]xL SofDk;sf k|d'v e"k]Gb|s'df/ >]i7n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;d"x—#$, sf7df8f}+åf/f /f]d ljwfgaf/] k|jrg PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–#$, sf7df8f}+sf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( ;fpg ^ ut] …b08xLgtf cGTosf nflu /f]d ljwfg cg'df]bg u/f}+Ú eGGf] ljifodf Ps k|jrg sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . ;f] cj;/df PcfO{ g]kfnsf ;Nnfxsf/ s[i0f sF8]n, PcfO{ g]kfnsf k"j{s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|sfz e08f/L, PcfO{ g]kfnsf k'g/fj]bg ;ldltsf ;+of]hs pQd ;fksf]6f, PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o piff vfF8nufotn] /f]d ljwfg cg'df]bgsf] dxTjsf af/]df rrf{ ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

;d"x—^(, ;'v]{tåf/f /Qmbfg

PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–^(, ;'v]{tsf] cfof]hgfdf Ps /Qmbfg sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . sfo{qmd ;'v]{t SofDk;sf k|d'v 8f= dx]Gb| dNnsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ePsf] lyof] .

/fhlj/fhdf o'jf lbj; dgfOof] ljZj o'jf lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df PDg]:6L OG6/g];gn g]kfn / ;]t' ;fd'bflos ljsf; tyf dfgjclwsf/ d~rsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf @)^( ;fpg @( ut] ;Kt/Lsf] /fhlj/fhdf cfk|jf;L >ldssf] clwsf/sf ;DaGwdf Ps cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . …j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf o'jf cj;/ r'gf}tL / ;dfwfgsf pkfoÚ ljifodf cfof]lht sfo{qmd kqsf/ j}Bgfy ofbjsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o nIdL lg/f}nfn] o'jfsf] cj:yfsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf]

lyof] . :yfgLo cfof]hs ;+:yfsf cWoIf h+uaxfb'/ l;+xsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L xl//fh kf]v/]nn] o'jfsf] j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf ePsf] cj:yfsf af/]df rrf{ ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L s[i0frGb| ;fksf]6fn] klg af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .

Afg]kfdf klg o'jf lbj; PcfO{ g]kfn ag]kf o'yg]6js{ ag]kfsf] cfof]hgfdf cGt/f{li6«o o'jf lbj;sf] ;Gbe{ kf/]/ @)^( ;fpg @^ ut] dfgjclwsf/ lzIff sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/of] . ;f] cj;/df …tkfO{+sf nflu kl/jt{g eg]sf] s] xf]<Ú eGg] ljifodf k|Zg u/]/ To;sf] hjfkm ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] .


16

PcfO{ g]kfndf cfa4 ljleGg ;d"xx¿n] b]zsf ljleGg efudf cGt/f{li6«o xltof/ Jofkf/;DaGwL cle;lGwnfO{ dfgjclwsf/ d}qL agfpg cfu|x ub}{ b]zsf ljleGg efudf x:tfIf/ ;+sng ul/Psf ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . k|:t't 5, k"0f{ ljj/0f M ;d"x—@), sf7df8f}+ PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–@), sf7df8f}+sf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( ;fpg !! Uft] cfd{;\ km/ P6«f]l;6L ljifodf Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .

;d"x—@!, sf7df8f}+ PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–@! sf7df8f}+sf] cfof]hgfdf cfd{;\ km/ P6«f]l;6L ljifodf Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .

;d"x—^&, x]6f}+8f PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–^&, x]6f}+8fsf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( ;fpg !! ut] cfd{\; 6«]8 l6«6Ldf /fd|f kIfx¿ ;d]6\g cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .

;d"x—#$, sf7df8f}+

PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–#$, sf7df8f}+sf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( ;fpg ^ ut] xftxltof/ lgoGq0fsf] cfu|x ub}{ Ps x:tfIf/ ;+sng sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . ;f] sfo{qmddf cd]l/sL ;/sf/nfO{ xftxltof/ lgoGq0f;DaGwL dxf;lGw lgdf{0fdf ;sf/fTds ;xof]u ug{ cfu|x ub}{ n]lvPsf] kqdf x:tfIf/ ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] .

;d"x / o'yg]6js{sf] ;fwf/0f;ef ;DkGg PcfO{ g]kfndf cfa4 ljleGg ;d"x / o'yg]6js{x¿n] cf–cfgf] ;fwf/0f;ef ;DkGGf u/]sf ;dfrf/ k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . k|:t't 5, k"0f{ ljj/0f M ;d"x—#(, g'jfsf]6 PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–#(, g'jfsf]6sf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( c;f/ @# ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;fwf/0f;efn] ;Gtf]if ld> ;+of]hs, e/tk|;fb e08f/L ;x;+of]hs, slknb]j vgfn ;lrj, hubLz vgfn ;x;lrj / ;Gtf]if pk|]tL sf]iffWoIf /xg'ePsf] gofF sfo{;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . o:t} ;b:ox¿df zld{nf pk|]tL, ldsf l/dfn / l/;e s'OFs]n rog x'g'ePsf] 5 .

;d"x—*#, emfkf PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–*#, emfkfsf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^* kmfu'g !# ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;fwf/0f;efn] nlnt vltj8fsf] ;+of]hsTjdf gofF sfo{;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . PcfO{

P6L6Laf/] x:tfIf/ ;+sng


17

g]kfnsf cWoIf x]ds'df/ v8\sfsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ;fwf/0f;efn] ;x;+of]hsdf ;Ltf/fd e§/fO{, ;lrjdf 6Lsf/fd bfxfn, ;x;lrjdf alatf kf}8]n / sf]iffWoIfdf /ldtf bfxfn l/hfnnfO{ 5gf]6 u/]sf] 5 . o;} u/L ;b:ox¿df uf]df e§/fO{, ;'ldqf g]kfn, /fdk|;fb bf; / ;'zLnf e§/fO{ 5gf]6 x'g'ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o nIdL lg/f}nfsf] klg ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;d"x—!, wgs'6f PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–!, wgs'6fsf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( ;fpg !! ut] ;DkGGf ePsf] 5 . PcfO{ g]kfnsf pkfWoIf /fhgf/fo0f d08nsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGGf sfo{qmddf ;f] ;fwf/0f;efn] lju]Gb| ofvfsf] ;+of]hsTjdf gofF sfo{;ldlt klg rog u/]sf] 5 . sfo{;ldltsf] pk;+of]hsdf j;GtL /fO{, ;lrjdf s[i0fuf]ljGb r]Dhf]ª, sf]iffWoIfdf ;+uLtf rfkfufO{+ tyf ;b:ox¿df u'?b]j a/fn, ;"o{b]j ofbj, cf]dgfy bfxfn / ly/]Gb|axfb'/ lnDa' 5flgg'ePsf] 5 .

;d"x—^@, g]kfnuGh PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–^@, g]kfnuGhsf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( ;fpg !@ ut] ;DkGGf ePsf] 5 . PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]GbLo ;b:o ozf]bfs'df/L pkfWofosf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;f] ;fwf/0f;efdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

;d"x—&(, ndh'ª PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–&(, ndh'ªsf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( ;fpg !@ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;fwf/0f;efn] ls/0f Gof}kfg]sf] ;+of]hsTjdf gofF sfo{;ldlt klg rog u/]sf] 5 . sfo{;ldltdf Clif/fd vflgof pk;+of]hs, z'efs/ vltj8f ;lrj, lzjz+s/ ltjf/L ;x;lrj, sNkgf af:tf]nf sf]iffWoIf tyf ;b:ox¿df ;Ltf vflgof, wd{/fh ltdN;]gf / o1k|;fb ltdN;]gf /xg'ePsf] 5 .

;d"x—#^, Ko'7fg PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–#^, Ko'7fgsf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( ;fpg ^ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . Ko'7fgsf lhNnf GofofwLz zDe'/fd sfsL{sf] k|d'v cfltYotf tyf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L lbnaxfb'/ l3ld/] / PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|df]b Gof}kfg]sf] ljz]if cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ;fwf/0f;efn] kfj{tf cfrfo{sf] ;+of]hsTjdf gofF sfo{;ldlt klg rog u/]sf] 5 . h;df dw';"bg kGyL pk;+of]hs, /]zdnfn zdf{ ;lrj, emjLGb| zdf{ ;x;lrj, s[i0ff /f]sf sf]iffWoIf tyf ;b:ox¿df 6f]kf/fd cfrfo{, lg/h ;'j]bL, o'j/fh yklnof, dfof kf]v/]n, cf/fwgf >]i7 / dLgf yfkf /xg'ePsf] 5 . ;d"x—^$, lrtjg PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–^$, lrtjgsf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( ;fpg ^ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;d"x—%@, alb{of PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–%@, alb{ofsf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( ;fpg !) ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ozf]bfs'df/L pkfWofosf] k|d'v cfltYotf tyf k'g/fj]bg ;ldltsf ;b:o ;"o{df]xg ;fksf]6fsf] ljlzi6 cfltYotfdf ;fwf/0f;ef ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

;d"x—!*, sf7df8f}+ PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–!*, sf7df8f}+sf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( ;fpg ( ut] ;DkGGf ePsf] 5 . PcfO{ g]kfnsf ;+:yfks g"tg yklnof, PcfO{ g]kfns} k"j{cWoIf k|bLk kf]v/]n, g]kfn af/ P;f]l;P;gsf cWoIf k|]daxfb'/ v8\sf, PcfO{ g]kfnsf pkdxf;lrj /fhg s'OFs]n, kb\dsGof SofDk;sf k|d'v /d]z >]i7nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] ;fwf/0f;efn] czf]s >]i7sf] ;+of]hsTjdf gofF sfo{;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . ;d"xsf ;x;+of]hsdf cl/;'bg >]i7, ;lrjdf ljho/fd s;h', ;'>L ;/:jtL zfx, ;x;lrj c?0f kf}8]n /xg'ePsf] 5 . To:t} ;b:ox¿df


18

>LdtL ;Ltf clwsf/L, cldzf sfDafË ;'Aaf, xl/x/ sfsL{, ;u]Gb| dxh{g / ;'/]Gb| zfxL /xg'ePsf] 5 . ;d"x—$(, s~rgk'/ PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–$(, s~rgk'/sf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( ;fpg ^ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;fwf/0f;efn] ef]h/fh e§sf] ;+of]hsTjdf clgtf s];L pk;+of]hs, dfwjk|;fb hf]zL ;lrj, l;4/fh e§ ;x;lrj, ;'lgn cf]emf sf]iffWoIf tyf ;b:ox¿df wd{l;+x /fjn, /fh]Gb| r'gf/f, zf]ef wfdL / piff kf08] ;b:o /xg'ePsf] gofF sfo{;ldlt klg rog u/]sf] 5 . ;f] ;fwf/0f;ef PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ozf]bfs'df/L pkfWofosf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . ;d"x—%&, hgsk'/ PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–%&, hgsk'/sf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( h]7 @& ut] ;DkGg eof] . PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o r]tgf/fo0f e';fnsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ;fwf/0f;efn] ljhos'df/ 7fs'/sf] ;+of]hsTjdf gofF sfo{;ldlt rog ug'{sf ;fy} ;x;+of]hs, ;lrj, ;x;lrj / sf]iffWoIfdf qmdzM ljhos'df/ 7fs'/, /d]z ;fx, sdn ;fx, xL/f eutnfO{ rog u/]sf] 5 . o;} u/L ;b:ox¿df >LdtL /l~htf emf, >LdtL pld{nf ofbj, /fd]Zj/ d08n / >LdtL ljdnf clwsf/LnfO{ rog u/]sf] 5 . ;d"x—!%, hgsk'/ PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–!%, hgsk'/sf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^* c;f]h #) ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . l9nf] u/L k|fKt ;dfrf/cg';f/ ;fwf/0f;ef PcfO{ g]kfnsf k"j{dxf;lrj zDe' 7fs'/sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . s~rg o'yg]6js{, s~rgk'/

PcfO{ g]kfn s~rg o'yg]6js{ s~rgk'/sf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( ;fpg ^ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;fwf/0f;efn] g]kfndf hf/L b08xLgtfsf] ck;+:s[lt cGTosf lglDt cGt/f{li6«o kmf}hbf/L cbfntsf] /f]d ljwfg cg'df]bg ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu cfx\jfg ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmd PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ozf]bfs'df/L pkfWofosf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df ;fwf/0f;efsf] ;kmntfsf nflu /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf

cWoIf s]bf/gfy pkfWofo, k|jQmf uf}/L k|wfg, PcfO{ g]kfnsf lgb]{zs /fd]Zj/ g]kfn, PcfO{ g]kfn, k'g/fj]bg ;ldltsf ;+of]hs pQd ;fksf]6fnufot :jb]z tyf ljb]zsf ljleGg dfgjclwsf/ ;+3;+:yf Pjd\ PcfO{sf ljleGg PsfOx¿af6 k|fKt z'esfdgf ;Gb]z sfo{qmddf jfrg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;d"x—#@, sf7df8f}+ PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–#@, sf7df8f}+sf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( ;fpg ^ ut] ;DkGGf ePsf] 5 . PcfO{ g]kfnsf pkdxf;lrj /fhg s'OFs]n / s]Gb|Lo ;b:o piff vfF8sf] cfltYotfdf ;DkGGf ;fwf/0f;efn] e'jg]Zj/ kGtsf] ;+of]sTjdf gofF sfo{;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . sfo{;ldltdf ;Gtf]if cf]emf ;x;+of]hs, /rgf >]i7 ;lrj, ;Gtf]if 1jfnL ;x;lrj, ;/nf >]i7 sf]iffWoIf tyf ;b:ox¿df o'j/fh >]i7, ljgf]b sfn], plbt vgfn, l8NNfL/fh kGt, lji0f's'df/L cof{n / j;Gt ;fksf]6f rog x'g'ePsf] 5 .

;d"x—#, sf7df8f}+ PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–#, sf7df8f}+sf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( ;fpg ^ ut] ;fwf/0f;ef ;DkGGf eof] . dfgjclwsf/jfbL slkn >]i7sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGGf sfo{qmddf PcfO{ g]kfnsf pkdxf;lrj /fhg s'OFs]n, ;d"x–#, sf ;Nnfxsf/x¿ tLy{ a;f}nf, ejfgLk|;fb v/]n, zf]efs/ a'9fyf]sLnufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

;d"x—$^, hgsk'/ PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–$^, hgsk'/sf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( c;f/ #) ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;fwf/0f;efn] OlGb/f rf}w/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf /f]hL cfrfo{ ;x;+of]hs, ;'hftf zdf{ ;lrj, lgnd >]i7 ;x;lrj, cr{gf emf sf]iffWoIf / ;b:ox¿df Hof]lt eut / l/gf emf /xg'ePsf] gofF sfo{;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 .


19

;d"x—^, O6x/L

PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–^, O6x/Lsf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( ;fpg % ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . PcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf x]ds'df/ v8\sfsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGGf sfo{qmddf pkfWoIf /fhgf/fo0f d08nsf] klg ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;fwf/0f;efn] uLtf vqLsf] ;+of]hsTjdf gofF sfo{;ldlt klg rog u/]sf] 5 . h;cg';f/ ;x;+of]hsdf lzjk|;fb k/fh'nL, ;lrjdf hLjg l3ld/], ;x;lrjdf s]zj a:g]t, sf]iffWoIfdf l8saxfb'/ /fO{ tyf ;b:ox¿df od'gf u'/fufO{+ of]zf, >LdtL sf]lknf k/fh'nL, >LdtL lgd{nf u'/fufO{+ / km0fLGb| vqL /xg'ePsf] 5 .

;d"x—^), emfkf PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–^), emfkfsf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( c;f/ #! ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;fwf/0f;efn] /3'gfy e§/fO{sf] ;+of]hsTjdf gofF sfo{;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . sfo{;ldltsf] ;x;+of]hsdf o'j/fh vgfn, ;lrjdf aj|'jfg bfxfn, ;x;lrjdf efg'eQm bfxfn, sf]iffWoIfdf Zofd cfrfo{ tyf ;b:ox¿df k|sfz e08f/L, lhtaxfb'/ lwdfn, ;xb]j e§/fO{, ;Gtf]ifs'df/L kf]v/]n, zf/bf af:tf]nf / n]vgfy ;]9fO{+ 5flgg'ePsf] 5 .

;d"x—!@, a'6jn PcfO{ g]kfn ;dx–!@, a'6jnsf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( ;fpg ^ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o n]vgfy lg/f}nfsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGGf sfo{qmddf ;f] ;d"xsf k"j{;+of]hsx¿ /fdrGb| 9sfn, zflns/fd a~hf8], s[i0frGb| 9sfn / afnfs[i0f ltjf/LnfO{ ;Ddfg klg ul/Psf] lyof] .

;d"x—#$, sf7df8f}+ PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–#$, sf7df8f}+sf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( ;fpg ^ ut] ;DkGg eof] . PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o piff vfF8sf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;f] sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;d"xn] ljutdf ;DkGg u/]sf] cGt/sn]h:t/Lo lgaGwn]vg k|ltof]lutfsf ljhoLnfO{ k|df0fkq tyf k'/:sf/ / ;xefuLx¿nfO{ k|df0fkq klg ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . PcfO{ g]kfnsf ;Nnfxsf/, k"j{cWoIf tyf ;d"xsf ;+:yfks ;+of]hs s[i0f sF8]n, PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:of piff vfF8 tyf ;d"x ;+of]hs ;ljtf >]i7n] k|df0fkq tyf k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

;d"x—^(, ;'v]{t PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–^(, ;'v]{tsf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( ;fpg * ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;fwf/0f;efn] kLtfDj/ cfrfo{sf] ;+of]hsTjdf gofF sfo{;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . h;cGtu{t pk;+of]hsdf b]j]Gb| ;]h'jfn, ;lrjdf lrq s];L, ;x;lrjdf bLks vgfn, sf]]iffWoIfdf ;Ldf rGb tyf ;b:ox¿df clgn zfxL, 6+s 9sfn, lgd{nf clwsf/L / cs]Gb| h};L /x]sf 5g\ .

;d"x—%*, latf{df]8 PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–%*, latf{df]8sf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( ;fpg ^ ut] ;DkGg eof] . PcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf x]ds'df/ v8\sfsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf PcfO{ g]kfnsf k"j{;efklt w|'js'df/ sfsL{nufotsf] klg ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .


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;d"x—!$, pnf{af/L PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–!$, pnf{af/Lsf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( ;fpg ^ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . PcfO{ g]kfnsf pkfWoIf /fhgf/fo0f d08nsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;f] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;d"x—@&, ndh'ª PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–@&, ndh'ªsf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( ;fpg !! Uft] ;DkGGf ePsf] 5 . ;f] ;fwf/0f;ef PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o k|tfk kf}8]nsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

;d"x—*, sf7df8f}+ PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–*, sf7df8f}+sf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( ;fpg !@ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmd PcfO{ g]kfnsf pkdxf;lrj /fhg s'OFs]nsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ePsf] lyof] . ;fwf/0f;efkl5 PcfO{ cleofgsf af/]df Ps k|lzIf0f klg cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .

;d"x—*^, emfkf PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–*^, emfkfsf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( ;fpg ^ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmd PcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf x]ds'df/ v8\sfsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . ;d"x—@@, emfkf PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–@@, emfkfsf] cfof]hgfdf @)^( ;fpg ^ ut] ;fwf/0f;ef ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmd PcfO{ g]kfnsf cWoIf x]ds'df/ v8\sfsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

;d"x—!(, /fd]5fk PcfO{ g]kfn ;d"x–!(, /fd]5fksf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( ;fpg ^ ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . PcfO{ g]kfnsf sf]iffWoIf ;"o{axfb'/ clwsf/Lsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;f] sfo{qmd ePsf] lyof] .

;d"x –@^, sf]xnk'/ ;d"x–@^, sf]xnk'/sf] ;fwf/0f;ef @)^( h]7 @& ut] ;DkGg eof] . sfo{qmd PcfO{ g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ozf]bfs'df/L pkfWofosf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

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PcfO{ g]kfn /fli6«o sfo{;ldltsf kbflwsf/L

cWoIf M x]ds'df/ v8\sf pkfWoIfMM /fhgf/fo0f d08n dxf;lrj M /lZdnf ef]l5ef]of pkdxf;lrj M /fhg s'OFs]n sf]iffWoIf M ;"o{axfb'/ clwsf/L ;b:ox¿ ozf]bfs'df/L pkfWofo piff vfF8 r]tgf/fo0f e';fn k|tfk kf}8]n k|df]b Gof}kfg] n]vgfy lg/f}nf -nIdL_

PcfO{ g]kfn k'g/fj]bg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/L

;+of]hs M pQd ;fksf]6f ;b:ox¿ r]taxfb'/ du/ ;"o{df]xg ;fksf]6f

PcfO{ g]kfnsf ;Nnfxsf/M

s[i0f sF8]n nf]s]z 9sfn

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