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Schematic symbols are used to identify andgraphically depict the function of fluid
power components.
Recognizing and understanding schematicsymbols will enable you to comprehend acircuits function.
Schematic drawings document themachine logic only and are never to be
used as a piping diagram.
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All pneumatic circuitsconsist of valves, actuators,
connecting lines and airpreparation equipment.
Valves control the direction and amount of flowwhile actuators are the work producers such ascylinders and rotary actuators.
Air preparation equipment conditions the air byproviding filtration, controlling pressure, andlubricating the valves and actuators.
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Directional Valves
Directional valves control the direction of flow
and are identified by the number of ways orports and their number of positions.
The number of ways defines valve function with away or port being either a line connection or anexhaust point.
Positions identify the number of discrete operatingpositions of the valve element - typically most air
valves are either 2 or 3 positions.
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Boxes are used to indicate the numberof valve positions. The number ofadjacent boxes indicates whether a
valve is a two or three position valve.
Two position valve
Three position valve
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Two way valve
Three way valve
Four way valve
Four way 5 ported valve
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Arrows are used to indicate the flowdirection
A tee indicates that a port or way is
blocked(closed or non passing).
Lines or connections are only drawn
to one valve position and are drawn to
the normal unactuated valve position.
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If the valve is a spring return the
spring position is usually the
normal position.
A way or port that is not connectedto a line outside the normal box
means that port is used for exhaust.
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Valve Actuation (shift)
Actuators are used to change valve positionsand can be mechanical, pneumatic pilot orelectric solenoid.
Mechanical actuators would include springs,push buttons, plungers, levers and cam rollers.
Pneumatic pilots are similar to cylinders and theychange valve position with a pressurized air
signal.
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Electric solenoids that change valve positionby directly moving the valve element are
called direct solenoid.
Electric solenoids that open small pilot valves
and allowing pressurized air to move thevalve element are called solenoid controlled
pilot operators.
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Valve Actuator Symbols
Spring Air Pilot
Push Button Solenoid
Plunger Solenoid Air Pilot
Lever
Cam Roller
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Two and three way valves with a springreturn are further identified as beingnormally closed (non passing) or normally
open (passing).
Three way valves can also be referred to
as a selector valve, diverter valve, and, asan AND and NOT.
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Complete Symbolswith Descriptions
Two position, two way,normally open plunger
operated valve with a springreturn.
Two position, two way, normallyclosed direct solenoid operated
valve with a spring return.
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Two position, three way,
normally closed air pilotoperated valve with spring
return.
Two position, three way,
normally open push button
operated valve with springreturn.
Two position, three way, lever
operated selector valve.
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Two position, three way, camroller operated diverter valvewith spring return.
Two position, three way,
normally closed air piloted valvewith spring return used asAND function.
Two position, three way,normally open air piloted valve
with spring return providingNOT function.
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Two position, four way,solenoid air pilot valve withspring return.
Two position, four way, airpilot valve with springreturn.
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Two position, 5 ported four way, double airpilot.
Three position, 5 ported four way, double
air pilot valve spring centered.
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Actuators
Actuators perform the work in Fluid PowerCircuits. They are used to clamp, move, rotate,
turn and position.
Cylinders are used for linear movements
while rotary actuators are used for limitedrotational applications and air motors are
used for continuous rotation.
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Actuators
Single acting cylinder,load return
Single acting cylinder, springreturn
Double acting cylinder
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Actuators
Rotary Actuator
Air Motor
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Lines
Intersecting Lines are shown tobe connected by using a dot.
Dashed lines are used to indicate apilot signal (not mandatory).
Loop jumpers are used to
indicate that lines cross and arenot connected.
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Air PreparationEquipment
Air Filter
Air Regulator
Lubricator
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Accessory Valves
Needle Valve
Check Valve
Flow Control Valve
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Accessory Valves
Shuttle Valve
Quick Exhaust valve
Pulse Valve (one shot)
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