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The Ed Trust presentation on closing America's achievement gaps.
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© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Joseph Yeado and Natasha UshomirskySeptember 25, 2012
RAISING ACHIEVEMENT AND CLOSING GAPS BETWEEN GROUPS: Where are we?
What can we do?
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
WHO WE ARE WHAT WE DO
The Education Trust works for the high academic achievement of all
students at all levels, pre-kindergarten through college, and forever closing the achievement gaps that separate low-income students and students of color
from other youth. Our basic tenet is this — All children will learn at
high levels when they are taught to high levels.
Advocacy to help schools, colleges, and communities mount campaigns
to close gaps
Research and policy analysis on patterns and practices that both
cause and close gaps
Technical assistance to schools, colleges, and community-based organizations to raise student achievement and close gaps
THE EDUCATION TRUST
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Overview of Presentation
• What’s the status of achievement and gaps today?
• How do ARCC states compare to the rest of the nation?
• What do we know about improving student outcomes?
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
First, some good news.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
Large gains for all groups of students, especially students of color
1971* 1975* 1980* 1984* 1988* 1990* 1992* 1994* 1996* 1999* 2004 2008 2012150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
9 Year Olds – NAEP Reading
African American Latino White
Aver
age
Scal
e Sc
ore
*Denotes previous assessment formatNational Center for Education Statistics, “The Nation's Report Card: Trends in Academic Progress 2012”
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
Performance for all groups has risen dramatically
1973* 1978* 1982* 1986* 1990* 1992* 1994* 1996* 1999* 2004 2008 2012200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
13 Year Olds – NAEP Math
African American Latino White
Aver
age
Scal
e Sc
ore
*Denotes previous assessment formatNational Center for Education Statistics, “The Nation's Report Card: Trends in Academic Progress 2012”
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
Rising performance for students of color leads to gap narrowing over time
1971* 1975* 1980* 1984* 1988* 1990* 1992* 1994* 1996* 1999* 2004 2008 2012220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
17 Year Olds – NAEP Reading
African American Latino White
Aver
age
Scal
e Sc
ore
*Denotes previous assessment formatNational Center for Education Statistics, “The Nation's Report Card: Trends in Academic Progress 2012”
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
And next time somebody tells you, “We’re spending more on education, but the results are flat,” show them the results of 15 years of effort in
mathematics…
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
1996 NAEP Grade 4 Math
NAEP Data Explorer, NCES
African American Hispanic White0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
7361
26
2432
49
3 7
26
By Ethnicity - National Public
Below basic Basic Proficient or advanced
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
© 2011 THE EDUCATION TRUST
National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP Data Explorer, http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/
2011 NAEP Grade 4 Math
African American Hispanic White0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
34 28
9
4948
39
17 22
52
By Ethnicity - National Public
Below basic Basic Proficient or advanced
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
1996 20110%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
60
27
33
48
7
24
Below basic Basic Proficient or advanced
More low-income students are performing at higher levels today than in 1996
NAEP Data Explorer, NCES
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Bottom Line:
When we really focus on something, we make
progress!
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Clearly, though, much more remains to be done.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
© 2011 THE EDUCATION TRUST
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
34%
34%
32%
Students Overall - National Public
Proficient/AdvancedBasicBelow Basic
Perc
enta
ge o
f Stu
dent
s
National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP Data Explorer, http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/
2011 NAEP Grade 4 Reading
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
© 2011 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Africa
n American
Asian/P
acific I
slander
Latino
American In
dian/Alaska
Native
White
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
51%
21%
50% 51%
23%
32%
30%
33% 30%
35%
16%
49%
17% 19%42%
By Race/Ethnicity – National Public
Proficient/AdvancedBasicBelow Basic
Perc
enta
ge o
f Stu
dent
s
National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP Data Explorer, http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/
2011 NAEP Grade 4 Reading
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
© 2011 THE EDUCATION TRUST
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
28%
39%
34%
Students Overall - National Public
Proficient/AdvancedBasicBelow Basic
Perc
enta
ge o
f Stu
dent
s
National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP Data Explorer, http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/
2011 NAEP Grade 8 Math
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
© 2011 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Lower Income Higher Income0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
41%
16%
41%
37%
18%
47%
By Family Income – National Public
Proficient/AdvancedBasicBelow Basic
Perc
enta
ge o
f Stu
dent
s
National Center for Education Statistics, NAEP Data Explorer, http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/nde/
2011 NAEP Grade 8 Math
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
But, rather than organizing our educational system to close these
gaps, we’ve organized it in a way that widens them.
Gaps in achievement are a direct result of gaps in opportunity to
learn.
These opportunity gaps begin before children arrive at the schoolhouse
door.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
How?
By giving students who arrive with less, less in school, too.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Less funding
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Funding Gaps Between States: Inequities in federal, state, and local
expenditures per student
GapHigh-Poverty versus Low-Poverty States
–$2,278per student
High-Minority versus Low-Minority States
–$2,330 per student
Source: Preliminary Education Trust analyses of U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Census Bureau data for the 2008-09 school year.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Lower expectations
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
Low SES students are receiving A’s for work that would earn high SES students C’s or lower.
Education Trust analysis of data from the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009.
A B C D0
10
20
30
40
50
60
44
38
33 33
5349
46
39
Performance on the HSLS Algebra Assessment by Grade and SES Among Students in 8th grade Algebra
Lowest SES QuintileHighest SES Quintile
Estim
ated
Num
ber
Righ
t
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Less access to rigorous
courses
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
The single biggest predictor
post-high school success is the
QUALITY AND INTENSITY OF THE
HIGH SCHOOL CURRICULUMCliff Adelman, The Toolbox Revisited, U.S. Department of Education
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
African American Latino White Asian0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
35%
68%63%
94%
Perc
enta
ge o
f stu
dent
s who
wer
e in
the
top
two
quin
-til
es o
f mat
h pe
rfor
man
ce in
fift
h gr
ade
and
in a
lgeb
ra
in e
ight
h gr
ade
Source: NCES, “Eighth-Grade Algebra: Findings from the Eighth-Grade Round of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-99 (ECLS-K)” (2010).
Even African-American students with high math performance in fifth grade are unlikely
to be placed in algebra in eighth grade
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Only one in five African-American high school students took an AP course they had the potential to do well in
Source: College Board, “The 8th Annual AP Report to the Nation,” 2012.
Note: Students were considered to have taken an AP subject if they took an AP exam in a subject for which they had potential. Students were considered to have AP potential if they had a 70% or greater likelihood of scoring at least a 3 on an AP exam based on their PSAT/NMSQT scores.
African American Asian/Pacific Is-lander
Latino American Indian/Alaska
Native
White0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
20%
58%
30%26%
38%
High School Class of 2011
Perc
ent w
ho to
ok a
n AP
cou
rse
they
wer
e lik
ely
to d
o w
ell i
n
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Low-income and minority students are also less likely to have access to high-quality assignments.
Using the same textbook, School A in California offered high-level assignments; School B did not.
School A1,467 students enrolled in 2005
• 82% White• 6% Asian• 4% Latino• 2% Black
• 2% Low-Income
School B2,001 students enrolled in 2005
• 45% White• 4% Asian
• 48% Latino• 1% Black
• 27% Low-IncomeSource: Education Trust – West analysis of two high schools in unnamed California districts
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
High-Level College-Prep Assignment• Describe the fundamental problems in the
economy that helped cause the Great Depression. Consider agriculture, consumer spending and debt, distribution of wealth, the stock market.
• Describe how people struggled to survive during the Depression.
• How did Hoover’s belief in “rugged individualism” shape his policies during the Depression?
Source: Education Trust – West analysis of two high schools in unnamed California districts
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Low-Level College-Prep Assignment• Role play (“Meet the Press”) and interview
key people of the era.• Draw a political cartoon highlighting a major
event of the time.• Share excerpts from noted literary authors--
Lewis, Fitzgerald, Hemingway, Hughes.• Listen to jazz artists of the 1920s.• Construct a collage depicting new inventions.
Source: Education Trust – West analysis of two high schools in unnamed California districts
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Less access to the
strongest teachers
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
High Poverty Low Poverty
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
22%
11%
Perc
ent o
f Cla
ss T
augh
t by
Teac
hers
With
N
eith
er C
ertifi
catio
n no
r Maj
or
Classes at high-poverty secondary schools are more likely to be taught by out-of-field*
teachers.
Note: High-poverty school: 55 percent or more of the students are eligible for free/reduced-price lunch. Low-poverty school :15 percent or fewer of the students are eligible for free/reduced-price lunch. *Teachers with neither certification nor major. Data for secondary-level core academic classes (math, science, social studies, English) across the U.S. Source: Education Trust Analysis of 2007-08 Schools and Staffing Survey data.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
National City Suburban Small Towns Rural0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
9.0%
0.058
8.2%
4.9%
8.0%
6.6%
4.4% 4.2%
4.7%
7.0%
High PovertyLow Poverty
Perc
enta
ge o
f Firs
t Yea
r Tea
cher
s
Source: Analysis of 2007-08 Schools and Staffing Survey data by U.S. Department of Education. Data from a representative sample of schools across the USA.
*Teachers in first year as the teacher of record. Note: High-Poverty = schools with 55% or more students eligible for free or reduced price lunch. Low-Poverty = 15% or fewer students eligible for free or reduced price lunch.
33
Nationally, students in high-poverty schools are more likely to be taught by novice* teachers.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Recent research found that low-income students in LAUSD were 2x as likely to be taught by the Least Effective teachers and over 1.5x less
likely to be taught by the Most Effective ones.
Least Effective Most Effective0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%
20%26%
10%
43%
Distribution of Teacher Effectiveness* by Student Income
Low-IncomeNon Low-Income
Perc
ent o
f Stu
dent
s
English Language Arts Teachers
Note: Low-income students are those eligible for free/reduced price lunch.
*”Most effective” teachers are those placing in the top quartile on a student-level value-added measure and “Least effective” are those placing in the bottom quartile. “Average” are those teachers in the middle 50% of the value-added distribution.
Source: “Learning Denied: The Case for Equitable Access to Effective Teaching in California’s Largest School District.” Education Trust-West, January 2012. 34
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
More “access” to harsh, exclusionary discipline practices
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
African American and Latino students are more likely to have ever been suspended than white students
U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey of the National Household Education Surveys Program (PFI-NHES), 1999, 2003, and 2007.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
49%
13%
25%
18%
Percent of Students Who Have Ever Been Suspended
Note: Data are from 2007
Perc
ent o
f Stu
dent
s
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
The results are devastating.
Kids who come in a little behind, leave a lot behind.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Only 16 percent of African-American and 29 percent of Latino graduates are college-ready in reading.
African American American Indian Latino White0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
16%
26%29%
54%
ACT, 2013, The Condition of College and Career Readiness
Pe
rce
nt
of
te
ste
d g
rad
ua
tes
Percent of tested graduates reaching college-readiness benchmark on ACT in reading
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
And the results are similar in math.
African American American Indian Latino White0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
14%
22%
30%
53%
ACT, 2013, The Condition of College and Career Readiness
Pe
rce
nt
of
te
ste
d g
rad
ua
tes
Percent of tested graduates reaching college-readiness benchmark on ACT in math
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
What about other options?
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
White African American Latino0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
81%
61%
71%
Only 61% of African American and 71% of Latino graduates who were interested in serving in the military met the minimum score
necessary for enlistment in the Army.
The Education Trust, 2010, Shut out of the Military: Today’s High School Education Doesn’t Mean You’re Ready for Today’s Army
Data based on the results of the Armed Forces Qualification Test, a component of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery, 2004 – 2009. Note: The data represent a self-selected sample of individuals whose highest degree was a high school diploma and who had an interest in enlisting in the military. Data are not representative of all students.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
And these are the students who remain in school through
12th grade.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
African Amer-ican
Latino White Asian Native Amer-ican
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
66%71%
83%93%
69%
Class of 2010
Aver
aged
Fre
shm
an G
radu
ation
Rat
e
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, “Public School Graduates and Dropouts from the Common Core of Data: School Year :2009-10” (2013).
Students of color are less likely to graduate from high school on time.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
So, how are ARCC states doing?
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
K-12 Enrollment by State and Ethnicity (2011)
U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), April 2012, Public Elementary and Secondary School Student Enrollment and Staff Counts From the Common Core of Data: School Year 2010–11, Tables 1 and 2, available at: http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2012/snf201011/index.asp
Kentucky Tennessee West Virginia0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
81.9
67.3
92.0
54.1
10.8
23.9
5.2
24.1
3.9 6.11.1
11.4
5.94.1
White Black Hispanic American Indian Asian Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander Two or more races
Perc
ent o
f stu
dent
s
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Percent of students qualifying for free/reduced price lunch(2011)
U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), April 2012, Numbers and Types of Public Elementary and Secondary Schools From the Common Core of Data: School Year 2010–11 , Table 7, available at: http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2012/pesschools10/index.asp
Kentucky Tennessee West Virginia0
20
40
60
80
100
56.5 55.151.4
36.7
Perc
ent o
f stu
dent
s
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
How do Kentucky, Tennessee Virginia, and West Virginia compare to other states?
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
State Improvement on NAEP – 4th Grade Reading, All Students
West VirginiaAlaska
IowaSouth Dakota
MissouriMaine
OregonConnecticut
WashingtonMinnesota
ColoradoMichigan
South CarolinaNorth Carolina
New YorkIndiana
WisconsinVermont
UtahDelawareOklahoma
OhioWyomingMontana
IdahoNew Hampshire
TennesseeNebraskaArkansas
VirginiaIllinoisKansas
TexasArizona
National PublicMississippi
North DakotaNew Mexico
HawaiiNevada
LouisianaCalifornia
Rhode IslandKentucky
New JerseyFlorida
GeorgiaPennsylvania
MassachusettsMarylandAlabama
-10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
-4.8-3.6-2.6-2.5-1.9-1.8-1.2-0.9-0.6-0.3-0.2
0.10.10.10.30.30.40.61.11.21.92.02.02.42.62.6
2.72.72.9
3.03.13.43.53.5
3.63.73.94.85.45.65.75.76.0
6.16.26.57.28.59.212.113.2
2003-2011 Change in Scale Scores
Kentucky
Tennessee
West Virginia
Virginia
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
State Improvement on NAEP – 4th Grade Reading, Low Income Students
West VirginiaWashington
IowaSouth Dakota
MaineColorado
OregonMissouriVermont
AlaskaConnecticut
South CarolinaUtah
WisconsinMinnesotaDelawareNebraska
VirginiaWyoming
North CarolinaIdaho
ArkansasHawaii
MichiganTexas
New YorkOklahoma
IndianaOhio
New MexicoMississippi
KansasIllinois
North DakotaNational public
MontanaTennessee
KentuckyCaliforniaLouisiana
Rhode IslandArizona
MassachusettsGeorgiaNevada
New HampshireFlorida
New JerseyPennsylvania
MarylandAlabama
-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
-7.6-3.8-2.9-2.7-2.4-1.4-1.2-0.9-0.8-0.5-0.2-0.1
0.30.91.42.02.12.42.72.82.93.43.73.93.94.04.24.65.15.15.25.35.55.7
5.85.9
6.26.3
6.97.47.98.28.79.69.89.811.111.512.616.016.3
2003-2011 Change in Scale Scores
Kentucky
Tennessee
West Virginia
Virginia
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Massach
usetts
Maryland
Connecticu
t
Vermont
North Dako
ta
Kentucky
Florida
Ohio
Colorado
New York
Minnesota
North Carolin
aIdaho
Indiana
Wash
ington
Missouri
National Public
Illinois
Texas
Oregon
South Carolina
West
Virginia
Nevada
California
Mississ
ippi
Alaska175
185
195
205
215
225
235
245
2011
NA
EP
Sca
le S
core
s, 4
th G
rade
Rea
ding
States’ 2011 performance on NAEP - 4th Grade Reading, All Students
Kentucky
Tennessee
West Virginia
Virginia
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
States’ 2011 performance on NAEP - 4th Grade Reading, Low Income Students
2011
NA
EP
Sca
le S
core
s, 4
th G
rade
Rea
ding
Massach
usetts
New Hampshire
Kentucky
Maryland
Montana
Vermont
Kansas
Pennsylva
niaIdaho
GeorgiaTexa
s
North Carolin
a
Oklahoma
South Dakota
National public
UtahIowa
Connecticu
t
Michigan
Wash
ington
Tennessee
South Carolina
Nevada
Arizona
New Mexic
o
Alaska175
185
195
205
215
225
235
245Kentucky
Tennessee
West Virginia
Virginia
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
New YorkIowa
NebraskaOregon
West VirginiaUtah
MissouriConnecticut
South CarolinaMichigan
IndianaAlaska
WyomingMinnesotaWisconsin
North DakotaNorth Carolina
KansasDelawareCalifornia
South DakotaTennessee
New HampshireIllinois
FloridaLouisiana
National publicIdaho
MaineWashington
MontanaOhio
AlabamaOklahomaKentucky
PennsylvaniaVirginiaArizona
VermontMississippi
ColoradoGeorgiaNevada
MarylandRhode IslandNew Mexico
MassachusettsHawaii
New JerseyTexas
Arkansas
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
0.71.01.0
1.62.5
2.73.23.3
3.73.73.8
4.24.34.3
4.84.9
5.05.4
5.65.75.75.95.9
6.16.56.56.66.76.87.07.07.0
7.27.37.3
7.67.6
7.98.28.38.3
8.810.1
10.310.9
11.212.012.1
12.713.313.3
2003-2011 Change in Scale Scores
State Improvement on NAEP – 8th Grade Math, All Students
Kentucky
Tennessee
West Virginia
Virginia
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
West VirginiaUtah
North DakotaNebraska
ConnecticutIowa
OregonSouth Dakota
South CarolinaMinnesota
MissouriKansas
WyomingNew YorkMontana
IndianaWashington
New HampshireAlaskaMaine
MichiganIdaho
LouisianaVirginia
DelawareVermont
CaliforniaKentuckyAlabama
MississippiArizona
OklahomaNorth Carolina
WisconsinNational public
OhioColorado
FloridaPennsylvania
MarylandTennessee
NevadaArkansas
IllinoisRhode Island
HawaiiNew Mexico
GeorgiaTexas
New JerseyMassachusetts
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
2.82.9
3.33.8
4.14.64.7
5.15.25.4
5.76.0
6.46.5
7.17.37.4
8.38.38.48.58.5
8.78.7
8.99.0
9.29.2
9.79.79.79.8
10.110.4
10.610.8
11.111.311.411.5
12.013.013.013.0
13.314.0
14.514.6
16.618.3
19.0
State Improvement on NAEP – 8th Grade Math, Low Income Students
2003-2011 Change in Scale Scores
Kentucky
Tennessee
West Virginia
Virginia
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Massach
usetts
New Jerse
y
Montana
North Dako
ta
South Dakota
Kansas
MaineOhio
Maryland
Connecticu
t
North Carolin
a
IndianaUtah
Illinois
Rhode Island
National public
Missouri
South Carolina
Michigan
Arkansa
s
Georgia
Florida
New Mexic
o
West
Virginia
California
Alabama240
250
260
270
280
290
300
2011
NA
EP
Sca
le S
core
s, 8
th G
rade
Mat
h
States’ 2011 performance on NAEP - 8th Grade Math, All Students
Kentucky
Tennessee
West Virginia
Virginia
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Texas
Montana
Vermont
South Dakota
Maine
New Hampshire Ohio
North Carolin
a
Colorado
Oregon
Kentucky
Oklahoma
Illinois
Wisc
onsin
National public
Nebraska
Alaska
Pennsylva
nia
Arizona
Georgia
New Mexic
o
Maryland
Louisi
ana
West
Virginia
Mississ
ippi
Alabama240
250
260
270
280
290
300
2011
NA
EP
Sca
le S
core
s, 8
th G
rade
Mat
h
States’ 2011 performance on NAEP - 8th Grade Math, Low Income Students
Kentucky
Tennessee
West Virginia
Virginia
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Two ways of pulling all of this information together
Uneven at the Start: Differences in State Track Records Foreshadow Challenges and Opportunities for Common Core
Available at: http://www.edtrust.org/dc/publication/uneven_start
State Academic Performance and Improvement Tool
Available at: ttp://www.edtrust.org/naep_state_scores
We’ll take a closer look at this now
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
State Academic Performance and Improvement Tool
• Generates scatterplots that show state performance and gains on NAEP for students overall and by student group in 4th and 8th grade reading and math.
• Sample questions the tool can help you answer:– Compared with other states and the nation, how does my state rate on current
achievement? How about on improvement over time?– For which groups of students is my state higher achieving and faster improving
than other states?– For which student groups is my state lower achieving and lower improving?– Are there states that are doing better or improving faster that my state can
learn from?
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
States’ performance and gains on NAEP for all students 4th grade math
VA
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
States’ performance and gains on NAEP for low-income students4th grade math
Education Trust Analysis of National Assessment of Educational Progress data
U.S.
VA
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
States’ performance and gains on NAEP for African American students
4th grade math
Education Trust Analysis of National Assessment of Educational Progress data
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
States’ performance and gains on NAEP for all students8th grade reading
Education Trust Analysis of National Assessment of Educational Progress data
VA
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source: Education Trust Analysis of National Assessment of Educational Progress data
States’ performance and gains on NAEP for low-income students
8th grade reading
VA
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
States’ performance and gains on NAEP for white students8th grade reading
Education Trust Analysis of National Assessment of Educational Progress data
VA
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
In addition to the Uneven at the Start analysis and the State Academic Performance and Improvement
Tool, Ed Trust also released updated Ed Watch state reports.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
• Present best available compilation of data on achievement, attainment, and equity in a consistent format so that educators, parents, and public officials can squarely face the issue of achievement for all groups of students.
• Include a wide array of achievement and attainment data for each state, including:– Comparisons between state assessment and NAEP proficiency rates– College-and-career readiness indicators– High school graduation rates– College graduation rates and degree attainment
Available at: http://www.edtrust.org/dc/resources/edwatch_state_reports
An additional resource:
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
What Can We Do?
An awful lot of Americans have decided that we can’t do much.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
What we hear many say:
• They’re poor.• Their parents don’t care.• They come to school without
breakfast.• They don’t have enough books.• They don’t have enough parents.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
But if there’s truly nothing that schools can do, why are low-income
students and students of color performing so much higher in some
states…
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Scale Scores by State – Low-Income StudentsTe
xas
Mon
tana
Verm
ont
Sout
h Da
kota
Main
eNew
Ham
pshi
reOhi
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th C
arol
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al pu
blic
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ska
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izona
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giaNew
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aryla
ndLo
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naW
est V
irgin
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ississ
ippi
Alab
ama
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290Grade 8 – NAEP Math (2011)
Aver
age
Scal
e Sc
ore
NAEP Data Explorer, NCES (Proficient Scale Score = 299)
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
In some districts…
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
Bost
onHo
usto
nCh
arlo
tteDa
llas
Atlan
taNew
York
City
Hills
boro
ugh
Coun
ty, F
la.Au
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goLa
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ity
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ols
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delp
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rson
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rict o
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ilwau
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itFr
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ngele
s
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320Grade 8 – NAEP Math (2011)
Aver
age
Scal
e Sc
ore
NAEP Data Explorer, NCES
Note: Basic Scale Score = 262; Proficient Scale Score = 299
Low-Income African-American Students Do Better in Some Districts
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
And most certainly, in some schools
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
De Queen Elementary SchoolDe Queen, AR
• 537 students in grades 3-5• 64% Latino• 30% White• 3% African American• 2% American Indian
• 80% Low Income
Note: Enrollment data are for 2010-11 school year.
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
High Performance at De Queen Elementary School
Arkansas Department of Education
Overa
ll
Latino
White
Low In
come
English la
nguage learn
er0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
90%93%
86% 89%93%
76% 74%83%
70% 68%
Grade 5 Math (2012)
DeQueenArkansas
Perc
enta
ge P
rofic
ient
and
Abo
ve
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
High Performance at De Queen Elementary School
Overa
ll
Latino
White
Low In
come
English la
nguage learn
er0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%94% 95% 92% 93%
96%
86% 84%89%
81% 80%
Grade 5 Reading (2012)
DeQueenArkansas
Perc
enta
ge P
rofic
ient
and
Abo
ve
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
De Queen Arkansas0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
6%
17%
36%
44%
57%
36%
4%
Latino Students – Grade 4 Literacy (2011)
AdvancedProficientBasicBelow Basic
Pe
rce
nt
of
Stu
de
nts
Pro
fici
en
t a
nd
A
bo
ve
Advanced Performance at De Queen Elementary
Source: Arkansas Department of Education
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
Jack Britt High SchoolFayetteville, North Carolina
• 1,872 students in grades 9 – 12– 33% African American– 11% Latino– 45% White
• 26% Low Income
Source: North Carolina Department of Public Instruction
Note: Enrollment and ethnicity data are from 2011-12; low income data are from 2009-10
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
High Performance Across Groupsat Jack Britt High School
English I Algebra I Biology0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%91% 91%
95%
72%65%
70%
African-American Students - End-of-Course Examination (2012)
Jack BrittNorth Carolina
Perc
enta
ge a
t Lev
el II
I or a
bove
North Carolina Department of Public Instruction
Note: More than 95% of African-American students at Jack Britt scored at or above Level III in Biology, but North Carolina did not provide exact numbers.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Source:
High Graduation Rates at Jack Britt High School
Students Overall White African American Lower Income0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%93% 93% 91% 93%
80%85%
75% 75%
Graduation Rate (Class of 2012)
Jack BrittNorth Carolina
Perc
enta
ge o
f Stu
dent
s
Source: North Carolina Department of Public Instruction
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Bottom Line:
At Every Level of Education, What We Do
Matters
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Available from Harvard Education Press
and amazon.com
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
What Do We Know About How To Accelerate
Success?What do the high performers do?
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
#1. They focus on what they can do, rather than
what they can’t.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Action Plan• Marzano Background Chapter 1• United Streaming video clips• Background knowledge literacy center
My Challenge
cause causecause
cause
Students’ Lack of Background knowledge
Lack of experiences outside the community
Cultural differences
Academic vocabulary
No one reads to kids at home Economic status
Lack of wide reading
cause
Second language at
home
causecause
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
#2. They set their goals high.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
They celebrate progress, but constantly acknowledge how
far they still need to go.
“Yes, he certainly has grown, but if he doesn’t move faster he is likely never to
graduate from high school or go to college.”
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
#3. They don’t leave anything about teaching and
learning to chance.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
An awful lot of our teachers—even brand new ones—are left to figure out on their own what to teach and what constitutes
“good enough” work.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
What does this do?
Leaves teachers entirely on their own to figure out what to teach, what order to
teach it in, HOW to teach it…and to what level.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
The result?
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUSTSource: Unnamed school district in California, 2002-03 school year.
Essay on Anne Frank
Your essay will consist of an opening paragraph which introduced the title, author and general background of the novel.
Your thesis will state specifically what Anne's overall personality is, and what general psychological and intellectual changes she exhibits over the course of the book
You might organize your essay by grouping psychological and intellectual changes OR you might choose 3 or 4 characteristics (like friendliness, patience, optimism, self doubt) and show how she changes in this area.
Grade 7 Writing Assignment
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
•My Best Friend:
•A chore I hate:
•A car I want:
•My heartthrob:Source: Unnamed school district in California, 2002-03 school year.
Grade 7 Writing Assignment
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Adopting new standards – even very high ones – is only the first step
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Common Core State Standards have the potential to dramatically raise the rigor of
instruction – and student achievement – in classrooms across the country.
But to realize this potential, states will need to make sure that teachers and students have the
supports they need to meet these expectations.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
What does that mean?To name a few… • Professional development.• Instructional materials – curriculum, sample
assignments, etc. • Examples of what meeting the standards looks
like.• Purposeful, carefully designed supports for
students who are starting further behind
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
#3. They strive to give ALL students – not just some students – access to
a rigorous curriculum
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
And they make sure that students get the support they need to succeed in
these classes.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
#4. Good schools know how much teachers matter, and they
act on that knowledge.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
They know who their strongest teachers are.
And they know who is struggling.
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
They make sure the students who are struggling most get the
strongest teachers
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
They do all they can to support their teachers. But they do not tolerate bad
teaching.
“It is your job as principal to make a marginal teacher uncomfortable.”
--Jennie Black, assistant principal, Ware Elementary School, Fort Riley, Kansas
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
For kids, schools and classrooms are the units of change.
Our role – those of us who work with states and district – is to figure out how to help schools learn from places that are doing
something right, and create systems where principals and teachers help all kids succeed.
Becoming Agents of Scale
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
© 2012 THE EDUCATION TRUST
Stay in touch!
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Stay connected with The Education Trust online:
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1250 H Street N.W. Suite 700Washington, D.C. 20005202/293-1217
Natasha Ushomirsky [email protected]