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Contents
• A Break in the Clouds: Towards a Cloud DefinitionLuis M. Vaquero, Luis Rodero-Merino, Juan Cac-eres, Maik Lindner
• A Short Introduction to Cloud Plat-formsAn enterprise-oriented view
David Chappell, August 2008
Outline
• Introduction• A Cloud Definition• Clouds and Grids Comparison• What is a Cloud Platform?• Examining Cloud Platforms• Summary
Introduction
• Cloud Computing is a new paradigm for the provision of computing infra-structure– Shifts the location of this infrastructure
to the network
• There are many definitions of Cloud Computing but they focus on certain aspect of technology
It’s so co
nfusing
More comprehensive analysis of all the features of Cloud Comput-ing, to reach a definition that en-compasses them
Cloud Characteristics
• Markus Klems claims that immediate scalabil-ity and resources usage optimization are key el-ements for the Cloud
• Some authors focus on the business model and the reduction in capital expenditure (Jeff Kaplan and Reuven Cohen)
Feature Reference
User Friendliness [11, 6, 24]
Virtualization [11, 6, 24, 5]
Internet Centric [11, 6, 24, 5]
Variety of Resources [11, 24, 22]
Automatic Adaptation [11, 14]
Scalability [11, 6, 24, 22, 15]
Resource Optimization [11, 24, 22]
Pay per Use [11, 14, 6, 24, 5]
Service SLAs [11, 6]
Infrastructure SLAs [11]
Scalability [11, 6, 24, 22, 15]Resource Optimization [11, 24, 22]Pay per Use [11, 14, 6, 24, 22]
Proposed Definition
Clouds are a large pool of easily usable and ac-cessible virtualized resources. These resources can be dynamically reconfigured to adjust to a variable load (scale), allowing also for an opti-mum resource utilization. This pool of re-sources is typically exploited by a pay-per-use model in which guarantees are offered by the Infrastruc-ture Provider by means of customized SLAs.
Clouds and Grids
• A source of confusion around the Cloud concept is its relation with Grid Computing
• Clouds and Grids share similar vi-sions– Reduce computing costs and increase
flexibility and reliability by using third-party operated hardware
A Grid Definition
• In 2002, Ian Foster “a system that coordinates resources which
are not subject to centralized control, using standard, open, general-purpose protocols and interfaces to deliver nontrivial qualities of service”
• More recent definitions emphasize the abil-ity to combine resources from different or-ganizations for a common goal
Applica-tion
• If the creators of every on-premises ap-plication first had to build all of these basics, we’d have many fewer applica-tions today
Storage
Applica-tion
O/S
• Similarly, if every development team that wishes to create a cloud applica-tion must first build its own cloud platform, we won’t see many cloud applications.
• Fortunately, vendors are rising to this challenge !
Cloud Platform
• Cloud Platform lets developers write applications that run in the cloud, or use services provided from the cloud, or both
Three Kinds of Cloud Ser-vices
DevelopersUsers
Browser/
Client
Applica-tion
Users
ExtraFunc-tions
Applica-tion
Applica-tion
Platform
Applica-tion
Cloud
On-premises
Software as a Ser-
vice (SaaS)
Attached Services
Cloud Plat-forms
Software as a service (SaaS)
• A SaaS application runs en-tirely in the cloud
• The on-premises client is typically a browser of some other simple client
• Ex) The online alternatives of typical office applications such as word processors
Users
Browser/Client
Applica-tion
Attached services
• An application can enhance its functions by accessing applica-tion-specific services provided in the cloud
• Ex) Apple’s iTunes
Users
ExtraFunc-tions
Applica-tion
Cloud Platforms (PaaS)
• A cloud platform provides cloud-based services for creating applications
• Rather than building their own custom foundation
• Ex) The developers of a new SaaS application could in-stead build on a cloud plat-form Developers
Applica-tion
Applica-tion
Platform
Applica-tion
Operating System
Foundation
Integration
Identity
Appli-cationAppli-cationApplica-
tion
Infrastructure Services
Application Services
Storage
Local Support
Foundation (PaaS)
• Operating System– Amazon’s EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud)
provides customer-specific Linux instances running in VMs
• Local Support– Google’s AppEngine provides local sup-
port for running Python Web applications– Force.com is aimed at creating data-ori-
ented business applications
Infrastructure Services (IaaS)
• Storage– Amazon’s S3 (Simple Storage Service) – MS’s SSDS (SQL Server Data Services)– Amazon’s SimpleDB
• Integration– Amazon’s SQS (Simple Queue Service)– BizTalk (a relay service)
• Identity– A set of bytes that describes user
Application Services (SaaS)
• Search–Microsoft’s Live Search
• Mapping– Google Maps
• Other application Services
• Clouds – easily usable and accessible virtualized resources – resources can be dynamically reconfigured to adjust to a
variable load (scale)– optimum resource utilization– pay-per-use basis
• Cloud Platform lets developers write applications that run in the cloud, or use services provided from the cloud, or both– Foundation (Paas)– Infrastructure Services (IaaS)– Application Services (SaaS)