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Coastal Zone Color ScannerCZCS
Wayne E. Esaias
Goddard Space Flight Center
Oceans and Ice Branch
October 27, 2004
CZCSA Proof of Concept, Demonstration
First Visible scanner optimized to look at the dark oceans.
Limited duty (alt days to SMMR), 2% data to L2 .
Complemented SeaSAT scatterometer, imager, altimeter.
-How well can satellite data be used to identify and quantify material suspended and dissolved in ocean waters?
-Can this information help advance our understanding of oceanic processes, and the role of the ocean in the earth system.
-Highly successful
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James Acker [email protected] http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/oceancolor/classic_scenes/00_classics_index.shtml
CZCS Nimbus Experiment Team (CZCS NET)
Frank Anderson NRIO, South AfricaJohn Apel Johns Hopkins Univ., APL Roswell Austin Scripps Inst. Oceanography Dennis Clark NOAA/NESSSayed El-Sayed Texas A & MHoward Gordon U. MiamiWarren Hovis NOAA/NESSJames Mueller GSFC & San Diego StateBoris Sturm Joint Res. Center, Ispra Robert Wrigley NASA AmesCharles Yentsch Bigelow Laboratory
Associates, Alternates Added LaterW. Esaias NASA GSFCC. McClain NASA GSFCE. Baker U. WashingtonP. Schlittenhardt ?H. Vander Piepen DFVLR
MAJOR ADVANCESTechnology
Spectral Bands, Depolarizer, Tilt workedChallenging radiometry - still isAtmospheric correction - clear water, dark targetNeed for SNR, calibration, stabilityImportance of vicarious calibrationImportance of digital image processing
Bio-OpticsBiological Responses related to Physical RegimesInverse methods, with an under-determined system
First order assumptions work pretty well,most of the time, but there are important limitations.Gelbstoffe, sediment scattering, pigments
MAJOR ADVANCES
Global ScienceProvided first-ever synoptic sampling for biology.Revolutionized the perception of the marine biosphere.
Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (Carbon)
Variability and Magnitude of Photosynthesis in the Ocean is Comparable to Terrestrial Systems
Operational Needs Feature Tracking
Transparency - VisibilityFisheriesHarmful Algal Blooms
Pre-launch Gulf of Mexico Cruise, R/V GYRESayed El-Sayed Ed BakerDennis Clark Al StrongPeter Schlittenhart Bob Wrigley
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Orinoco River Plume:nutrients > algaeorganic matterocean currents
Biological Physical Dynamics
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Phytoplankton DynamicsOcean Carbon Flux
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Tasmania
Gene Feldmanhttp://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/oceancolor/classic_scenes/00_classics_index.shtml
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Gulf StreamLocation & Dynamics
Acid Waste Dump, New York BightJames Acker [email protected] http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/oceancolor/classic_scenes/00_classics_index.shtml
from Oceanographyfrom Space Brochure2/84 U. Miami/GSFC
Original standard L-2 Product - Film b&w positiveBegin full global, digital products in 1985
North AtlanticMay, 1981CZCS Global Processing
(land NDVI -AVHRR)
Gaps on monthlyperiods
Nov 78 - June 81 Composite
CZCS February Climatology 1979-1986
MORE EVIDENCE OF SUCCESS
SeaWiFS BIOSPHERE
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MODIS AQUA July 2002-Sept. 2004
CZCS defines the beginning of the Ocean Biosphere Time SeriesGregg et al. find evidence for a -6% decrease globally.
Gregg W. W., M. E. Conkright, P. Ginoux, J. E. O'Reilly, N. W. Casey, Ocean primary production and climate: Global decadal changes,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 30 (15), 1809, doi:10.1029/2003GL016889, 2003.
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