CODA DIGEST 2013 New Look DRAFT CW04032014 · Heathrow also suffered from high delay after an aircraft incident on Friday July 12. During August 2013 London Heathrow, Palma and Zurich

CODA Digest

Delays to Air Transport in Europe – Annual 2013

FOREWORD

This report gives an overview of the delay situation in the European Civil Aviation Conference Area. This report has been prepared by the Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA), a service of EUROCONTROL. It is based on the EUROCONTROL CODA database which contains delay data provided directly by airlines.

The report consists of an overview of the reporting period, a summary of the main delay effects, and a series of charts and graphics, which illustrate the main characteristics of the reporting period. A glossary of terms and abbreviations used throughout the report is given in Annex Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations.

Airline data from the CODA database contains real recorded delays provided to CODA by airlines and is based on the difference between scheduled time of departure and actual off block time.

ATFM delays reported by airlines may be lower than the NM calculated ATFM delays due to difference in methods: ATFM delays of NM are the (flight) planned “delays”; the airlines report the “actual” experienced ATFM delay on departure. For instance, a flight with an ATFM delay may also have a handling delay absorbed within the ATFM delay. For the airline, a part of this delay is the ATFM delay and the rest is the handling delay.

This report discusses delays from all-causes; for information regarding AFTM delays see the complementary reports available at http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/network-operations-monitoring-and-reporting

Table of Contents

1. Headlines and Monthly Events Overview. ................................................................................................................ 3 2. CODA Scheduling Indicators ..................................................................................................................................... 6 3. CODA Reactionary Delay Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 7 4. Average Delay per Flight for Departures .................................................................................................................. 8 5. NM versus Aircraft Operator experience of Delay ................................................................................................... 9 6. Average delay per Flight by Hour............................................................................................................................ 10 7. Average Delay per Delayed Flight >5 Minutes ....................................................................................................... 11 8. Distribution of All Flights by Length of Delay (Punctuality) ................................................................................. 12 9. Average Delay per Flight for Arrivals ...................................................................................................................... 13 10. Top 20 Affected Departure Airports ........................................................................................................................ 14 11. Top 20 Affected Arrival Airports .............................................................................................................................. 15 12. Top 20 Most Delayed Airport Pairs ......................................................................................................................... 16 13. Year-on-Year Trends in All-Causes Delay Indicators ............................................................................................ 17 A. Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... 18 B. CODA Delay Groupings ............................................................................................................................................ 19 C. Correlation between IATA Codes and the NM Regulation Codes ........................................................................ 20 D. Standard IATA Delay Codes (AHM730) ................................................................................................................... 21 E. Standard IATA Delay Sub-Codes (AHM731) ........................................................................................................... 23 F. CODA Coverage Of Commercial Flights in the ECAC Region ............................................................................. 24

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The Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA) is ISO 9001:2008 certified. Tel: + 32-2 729 33 91 Fax : + 32-2 729 90 04 E-Mail : [email protected] Web Site: http://www.eurocontrol.int/coda

Date of publication of this issue: 04/03/2014

Digest - Delays to Air Transport in Europe Annual 2013

EUROCONTROL 1 CODA

1. Headlines and Monthly Events Overview.

In 2013 data from airlines describing delays from all-causes (Figure 3) showed an average delay per flight (ADM) of 9 minutes, this was a similar figure to that observed in 2012. 36.1% of flights were delayed on departure (>=5 minutes) this was an increase of 0.6 points in comparison to 2012. January 2013 saw weather delays mainly from high winds, snow and related low visibility. Particularly at Amsterdam, London Heathrow & Gatwick, Geneva, Paris CDG & Orly, Düsseldorf, Munich, Vienna and Madrid Barajas airports. Frankfurt was affected by snow and freezing rain with this airport seeing significant delays particularly on the 20 and 21 January. Industrial action in France occurred on the 30 January 2013. Istanbul Ataturk experienced delays following reduced capacity from runway configuration as a result of wind direction restricting the optimum runway usage. Despite the overall reduction in all-causes delay during February 2013, Istanbul Ataturk experienced delays following reduced capacity from runway configuration as a result of wind direction restricting the optimum runway usage. Seasonal weather delays mainly from high winds, snow and related low visibility were observed particularly at Amsterdam, London Heathrow and Gatwick, Frankfurt, Munich, Vienna, Paris CDG and Brussels. Geneva saw an increase in ski traffic particularly on Saturdays; the airport was also affected by delays following snow and capacity delays. In March 2013 the delay situation worsened, Paris CDG, Paris Orly, Berlin Tegel, Brussels, Frankfurt, Zurich, Vienna, and London Gatwick airports were affected by weather with low visibility, fog, high wind and snow issues. London Heathrow airport experienced particularly high delays in March due to strong winds, fog and low visibility

London Heathrow airport experienced high delays in April 2013 due to strong winds, where Oslo, Amsterdam and Rome Airports suffered from fog and low visibility. Airline industrial action in Germany on 22 April caused the cancellation of an estimated 1,630 flights. In May 2013 London Heathrow, Zurich, Frankfurt, Düsseldorf, Vienna and Amsterdam airports experienced delays due to weather particularly high winds and thunderstorms. On Friday 24 May London Heathrow recorded high delays due to an emergency landing. Delays at Rome Fiumicino were noted as a result of runway works in progress. The Champions League football final was in London (25 May) with Stansted seeing increases in traffic. In June 2013, Paris CDG, Orly, Frankfurt and Munich airports experienced delays especially due to weather (thunderstorms). Industrial actions occurred in France (11-13 June), Greece (13 June) and Portugal (27 June). Rome Fiumicino (8 June) and London/Heathrow (29 June) suffered from aircraft incidents and resultant delays.

Thunderstorms caused high delays at Frankfurt, London Heathrow and Zurich airports in July 2013. London Heathrow also suffered from high delay after an aircraft incident on Friday July 12. During August 2013 London Heathrow, Palma and Zurich airports experienced seasonal weather (thunderstorms and winds) related delays. Brussels airport saw works in progress on one runway between (01/08/2013 – 24/08/2013) with delays noted on the 2 August. Runway works in progress at Prague airport (13/07/2013-30/09/2013) caused small amounts of delay. In September 2013, London Heathrow and Amsterdam airports were both affected by fog and strong winds, Amsterdam also suffered from thunderstorms. Industrial action in France on 10 September and seasonal weather (thunderstorms and high winds) throughout the month caused delays at Paris Orly airport. Dusseldorf and Palma de Mallorca airports suffered from aircraft incidents. On 28 September there were single runway operations at London Heathrow due to fire on the approach. London Heathrow, Amsterdam, Brussels, Vienna, Paris Orly and CDG airports were affected by strong winds, fog, low visibility, and the St Jude storm on 27 & 28 October 2013. The eruption of Mount Etna (26 October 2013) caused disruptions at Catania Airport. November 2013 showed seasonal weather delays (high winds, low visibility, rain and light snow) at London Heathrow, Amsterdam Schiphol and Vienna. There was a small industrial action in France on the 26th November with delays in Brest, Reims and Paris ACC’s being observed.


EUROCONTROL 2 CODA

Approximately 20% of flights were cancelled due to technical problems with the VCS telephone system of London ACC (7 December 2013) and the low visibility on December 11. London Gatwick suffered from power supply problems affecting the Instrument Landing System and airfield lighting on the 24th December. At Dusseldorf airport a bomb disposal caused disruption on the 12th December. Weather also affected airports during the month, predominantly at London Heathrow, Geneva and Amsterdam Schiphol. Industrial action in France between 9 and 13 December affected Paris and Reims ACCs generating en-route delays.

Figure 1. Total Departures per day in ESRA08

In 2013 traffic slightly increased: there were 2.2% more flights per day in the EUROCONTROL Statistical Reference Area (ESRA08) than in 2012.

Figure 2. Long Departures Delay >60 minutes (2012 vs 2013)

In comparison to 2012, last year showed a small decreases for flights delayed greater than 60 minutes during each month except for January (+1.8%) and June 2013 (+1.2%). Flights delayed by more than 120 minutes (2 hours) also showed an increase to 1.45% in June 2013 following weather disruptions. December 2013 saw the percentage of flights delayed greater than 60 minutes from all-causes fall from 4.7% to 4.1% when compared to December 2012. Although a decrease this was a continuation in the trend of higher December delays.


EUROCONTROL 3 CODA

Figure 3. Primary Delay Causes 2013 vs. 2012

2013 saw a small decrease in the average delay per flight to 9.3 minutes for delay all-causes. Further analysis of the delay reasons shows that reactionary delays decreased by 0.1 minutes to 4.1 minutes per fight. Airline-related delays remained at 2.8 minutes per flight. Besides other weather with a small increase of 0.1, the remaining causes all saw small decreases or remained at stable levels when compared to 2012. En-route ATFCM decreased by 0.1 points in 2013.

Figure 4. Primary delay causes, 2013 vs. 2012

Primary Delays remained at similar levels when compared to 2012. ATFCM totals fell by 0.1 points, weather saw a slight increase (of 0.1 points) following the delays observed throughout the year.

Figure 5. ATFCM Share of All-Causes Primary Delay

The history of the ATFCM proportion of primary delay, shows a significant drop of the en-route share during Q2 (-10.4%) and Q3 (-4%) 2013 when compared to 2012. The Q1 2013 share was 3.3% which is the lowest share noted since 2009.


EUROCONTROL 4 CODA

2. CODA Scheduling Indicators

Scheduling correctly is a difficult art: if too long a time is blocked for a flight, the airline will not be able to make best use of resources - staff, airframes, infrastructure. But too short a time can arguably be worse as late flights generate rotational delay with late incoming aircraft and passengers from previous flights having to be accommodated. When flights leave on time but arrive after the scheduled time of arrival they cause reactionary delays. Schedule padding is essential for air carriers in order to find schedules which work with the typical patterns of delay, so that they can deliver passengers on time, and get maximum use out of their aircraft. Consequently when delays decrease it takes one or two (IATA) seasons for the airline to adapt its schedule accordingly. As a general rule flights with a BTO of >40% are likely to generate arrival delays and flights with a BTO <20% will arrive significantly ahead of schedule.

Two CODA scheduling indicators help airline schedulers determine the optimal schedule based on historical flight data:

The Block Time Overshoot (BTO) or the percentage of flights with an actual block time which exceeds the scheduled block time. The European BTO in 2013 was 28%, this was a decrease in comparison to 2012 of 1.8 points.

The Delay Difference Indicator - Flight (DDI-F) or the difference between departure and arrival punctuality expressed in minutes. This can be indicated as a positive or negative figure, for example a flight departing with 20 minutes delay and arriving with 30 minutes arrival delay will have a DDI-F of +10 minutes. The European DDI-F in 2013 was -3.6 minutes, this was an increase of 0.4 minutes per flight when compared to 2012. In 2013 the DDI-F was -3.7 minutes, an increase of 0.2 minutes. The DDI-F was more than -4 minutes per flight in July, August (as in 2012) and November.

Figure 6. Block Time Overshoot (BTO) and Delay Difference Indicator - Flight (DDI-F) 2013 vs. 2012


EUROCONTROL 5 CODA

3. CODA Reactionary Delay Analysis

Reactionary delays are generated as a result of an aircraft’s late arrival from a previous flight which in turn affects

the punctuality of its next flight with the same aircraft as well as potentially delaying connecting passengers. See Annex D for an overview of the IATA reactionary delay codes. Subsequently there are two types of reactionary delays: firstly as a result of the same aircraft being delayed on its next flight (rotational delay) and secondly when another aircraft is delayed as a result of another aircraft typically through passengers, crew and load connection (non-rotational delays).

Reactionary delays are particually important to an individual airline’s operational performance as an aircraft

operating behind schedule may affect other flights of the airline as well as the overall European network. This section concentrates on IATA delay code 93-RA rotational delays, as these have a significant share of

overall reactionary delays (approximately 90%) and the largest effect on network performance and passenger experience.

Using enriched CODA data on intra-European flights we are able to match the aircraft registration to callsigns

and link individual aircraft rotations by day. To build the sequence the aircraft are grouped by their individual registrations, then by their actual reported off block times. Following that, the arrival airport from one flight and the departure airport of the next leg is also matched. The sequence is ended when the scheduled ground time exceeds a pre-set limit dependent on the aircraft seat capacity. In this new section of the Digest we are initially analysing the depth of the scheduled flight sequence meaning the number of flights operated per sequence.

Further to this analysis we will also analyse the share of rotational delay minutes and their contribution to the

average delay per flight for all-causes. In Figure 7 analysis shows that the median number of scheduled flights per sequence for an aircraft is 4.

However in the IATA winter season (November to March) the median falls to 3, as fewer flights may be scheduled during this period. The share of reactionary delay remained at a stable level 2013 when compared to that of 2012, with a slight fall during the winter season below 40% when schedules have a little more flexibility from reduced flying programmes to recover from reactionary delays.

Figure 7. Median Scheduled Flight Sequence Depth and Share of Reactionary Departure Delay on Intra European Flights 2012 – 2013


EUROCONTROL 6 CODA

4. Average Delay per Flight for Departures

In 2013 the average delay per flight from all causes of delay remained at a stable level when compared to 2012. The average delay per delayed flight (ADD) decreased to 26.7 minutes from 27 minutes. 36% of flights were delayed on departure (>=5 minutes) a slight increase of 0.6 points when compared to 2012.

Figure 9. Average delay per flight (All-Causes) for Departures

Figure 10. Average delay per flight (All-Causes) for Departures

Figure 11. Percentage of Delayed Flights (All-Causes) for Departures >=5 minutes


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5. NM versus Aircraft Operator experience of Delay

Figure 12. Breakdown of Average Delay per Flight (Network Manager vs. Aircraft Operator)

This section presents the air transport delay situation as seen from the airlines and passengers viewpoint (the difference between the scheduled time of departure and the actual time of departure from the gate). Data coverage is 69% of commercial flights in the ECAC region for 2013. ATFM delays reported by airlines may be lower than the NM calculated ATFM delays due to difference in methods: ATFM delays of NM are the (flight) planned “delays” expressed as a restriction; the airlines report the “actual” experienced ATFM delay on departure. For instance, a flight with an ATFM restriction may also have a handling delay absorbed within the ATFM restriction. For the airline, a part of this delay is the ATFM delay and the rest is the handling delay. Further analysis of airline data and the graph in figure 10 shows that the average en-route ATFM delay from all-causes was 0.4 minutes per flight. This was slightly below the NM reported average en-route ATFM delay of 0.5 minutes per flight. According to airline reports, primary delays (eg. passenger and ramp handling delays) counted for 56% (5.2 min/flt) of which (0.4 min/flt) is attributed to en-route ATFM restrictions, with reactionary delays representing the remaining share of 44% share at (4.1 min/flt).


EUROCONTROL 8 CODA

6. Average Delay per Flight by Hour

Figure 13 . Breakdown of the Average Delay per Flight by Hour of The Day 2013 vs. 2012

During the first rotation phase between 0300-0900 UTC Figure 13 shows the airline related delay share remaining around 35% in 2013 and around 30% until 1400 UTC. However at the end of the operational day reactionary delay share remained just below 60% in 2013 when compared to 2012 where it peaked at 60% after 2000 UTC.


EUROCONTROL 9 CODA

7. Average Delay per Delayed Flight >=5 Minutes

Figure 14 . ADD vs. PDF on Departure

Figure 15 . ADD vs. PDF on Arrival

The average delay per delayed flight on departure (ADD) in 2013 was 26.7 minutes, a decrease of 0.8 minutes compared to 2012. In 2013 the percentage of delayed flights (PDF) on departure increased from 35.5% to 36.1%, when compared to 2012. Regarding arrivals, the average delay per delayed arrival in 2013 was 28.3 minutes (vs. 28.5 minutes per flight in 2012). The percentage of delayed flights (PDF) on arrival decreased from 34.5% to 33.6%, when compared to 2012.


EUROCONTROL 10 CODA

8. Distribution of All Flights by Length of Delay (Punctuality)

Punctuality in 2013 remained at a stable level compared to 2012. Flights delayed between the 5-15 minutes window increased by 0.6 points where the flights departing between 5 and 15 minutes before STD decreased by 0.6 percentage points.

Figure 16 . All-Causes Departure and Arrival Punctuality 2013 vs. 2012

The arrival punctuality figures are also similar to 2012 : 26% of flights arrived on time within the 5 minute threshold before or after the scheduled arrival time. Flights arriving >15 minutes ahead of schedule increased to 10.5% (+0.3%), this was a trend observed throughout 2013 which can have an effect on airport arrival delays.


EUROCONTROL 11 CODA

9. Average Delay per Flight for Arrivals

The average delay per flight on arrival from all causes decreased to 9 minutes per flight in 2013. The average delay per delayed flight was 28.3 minutes. The percentage of delayed flights decreased by 0.8 percentage points to 33.7% in comparison to 2012.

Figure 17. Average delay per flight (All- Causes) for Arrivals

Figure 18. Average delay per flight (All-Causes) for Arrivals

Figure 19. Percentage of Delayed Flights (All-Causes) for Arrivals


EUROCONTROL 12 CODA

10. Top 20 Affected Departure Airports

Figure 20. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Departure Airports 2013

Analysis of the Top 20 Affected Airports on departure shows that Lisbon Airport ranked the highest with an average delay per flight of 14.6 minutes in 2013, this was however a fall in the average delay per flight of 11%. Rome Fiumicino and Paris Orly noted increases of 23% and 19% respectively increase for 2013. London Heathrow weather arrival restrictions had a knock on effect to departure delays.

Figure 21. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected departure airports

Rank Departure Airport ICAO Code Average delay per departure

(mins)

Average Delay per

Flight Percentage

Change

Average Delay per Delayed

Departure

Percentage Delayed

Departures

1 LISBOA LPPT 14.6 -11% 30.3 48.2%

2 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 13.1 5% 26.5 49.5%

3 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 12.8 7% 27.8 46.1%

4 ROME FIUMICINO LIRF 12.6 23% 23.0 54.7%

5 MANCHESTER EGCC 12.6 -8% 29.5 42.5%

6 PARIS CH DE GAULLE

LFPG 12.2 7% 25.2 48.2%

7 PARIS ORLY LFPO 11.5 19% 24.8 46.5%

8 VENEZIA TESSERA LIPZ 11.3 16% 31.0 36.5%

9 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 10.8 -8% 27.5 39.2%

10 PALMA DE MALLORCA

LEPA 10.5 -3% 28.9 36.4%

11 ALICANTE LEAL 10.4 -11% 28.7 36.1%

12 MILANO MALPENSA LIMC 10.3 8% 27.7 37.2%

13 BIRMINGHAM EGBB 10.2 7% 27.3 37.4%

14 NICE LFMN 10.2 4% 26.1 39.0%

15 ANTALYA LTAI 10.0 -18% 29.8 33.7%

16 ZURICH LSZH 9.8 -2% 19.0 51.4%

17 BRUSSELS NATIONAL

EBBR 9.8 10% 24.2 40.3%

18 GENEVE COINTRIN LSGG 9.7 10% 26.3 36.8%

19 DUESSELDORF EDDL 9.5 11% 24.1 39.6%

20 MALAGA LEMG 9.5 -18% 27.8 34.2%


EUROCONTROL 13 CODA

11. Top 20 Affected Arrival Airports

Figure 22. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Arrival Airports 2013

The Top 20 Affected Airports on arrival shows that London Heathrow airport ranked the highest with an average delay per flight delay of 14.1 minutes, with weather and reactionary delays affecting flights. London Gatwick experienced delays predominantly due to reactionary causes, with its average arrival delay per flight at 36.7 minutes per flights. Istanbul Ataturk saw a decrease of 41% in its ADM on arrival following a less weather affected 2013.

Figure 23. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected arrival airports

Rank Arrival Airport ICAO Code

Average delay per

Flight (mins)

Average Delay per

Flight Percentage

Change

Average Delay per

delayed arrival

Percentage delayed arrivals

1 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 14.1 10% 33.0 42.8%

2 LISBOA LPPT 13.7 -19% 32.2 42.5%

3 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 12.9 0% 36.7 35.0%

4 MANCHESTER EGCC 12.3 -11% 35.5 34.5%

5 STAVANGER/SOLA ENZV 10.9 52% 36.1 30.2%

6 OSLO/GARDERMOEN ENGM 10.8 14% 30.9 34.8%

7 PORTO LPPR 10.6 -3% 28.7 37.1%

8 ANTALYA LTAI 10.5 -21% 26.1 40.4%

9 DUBLIN EIDW 10.4 16% 28.7 36.1%

10 PARIS ORLY LFPO 10.3 21% 27.7 37.1%

11 ISTANBUL-ATATURK LTBA 10.2 -41% 26.6 38.4%

12 BERGAMO/ORIO ALSERIO

LIME 10.0 13% 25.2 39.6%

13 MILANO MALPENSA LIMC 10.0 9% 31.4 31.8%

14 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 9.9 -9% 33.8 29.3%

15 BRUSSELS NATIONAL

EBBR 9.7 12% 27.1 35.9%

16 NICE LFMN 9.7 11% 25.5 37.9%

17 MADRID BARAJAS LEMD 9.6 -32% 28.4 34.0%


LFPG 9.6 4% 28.9 33.2%

19 GENEVE COINTRIN LSGG 9.6 16% 26.7 35.9%

20 PRAHA RUZYNE LKPR 9.6 33% 26.0 36.8%


EUROCONTROL 14 CODA

12. Top 20 Most Delayed Airport Pairs

Figure 24. All-Causes Delay Situation for the 20 Most Delayed Airport Pairs 2013

Rank Departure Airport Arrival Airport Average

Delay Per Departure

Change since

Previous Period

Average Delay Per Delayed

Departure

Percentage Delayed

Departures

1 LISBOA AEROPORTO DA MADEIRA

18.3 5% 36.8 49.8%

2 LISBOA LONDON/HEATHROW 17.2 -3% 30.5 56.2%

3 ROME FIUMICINO LONDON/HEATHROW 16.9 30% 28.4 59.5%

4 LONDON/HEATHROW NEW YORK 15.8 18% 27.6 57.2%

5 NEW YORK LONDON/HEATHROW 15.6 24% 36.9 42.4%

6 MALAGA LONDON/GATWICK 15.5 -23% 33.5 46.1%

7 LISBOA PORTO 15.1 -2% 32.6 46.3%

8 LONDON/HEATHROW LISBOA 14.9 -21% 27.2 54.9%

9 LONDON/HEATHROW MADRID BARAJAS 14.4 -20% 23.9 60.2%

10 LONDON/HEATHROW GLASGOW 14.3 19% 27.5 52.0%

11 LONDON/HEATHROW ROME FIUMICINO 13.5 7% 24.1 56.2%


MARSEILLE PROVENCE

13.5 47% 31.1 43.4%

13 GENEVE COINTRIN LONDON/HEATHROW 13.1 16% 29.9 43.9%


LONDON/HEATHROW 13.0 5% 24.7 52.8%

15 GLASGOW LONDON/HEATHROW 12.8 16% 36.3 35.4%

16 LONDON/GATWICK MALAGA 12.5 -8% 24.1 51.6%

17 ROME FIUMICINO CATANIA FONTANAROSSA

12.4 29% 22.6 54.7%

18 ROME FIUMICINO PALERMO PUNTA RAISI

12.3 42% 21.9 56.3%

19 AEROPORTO DA MADEIRA

LISBOA 12.2 -19% 37.6 32.6%


DUBLIN 12.2 35% 24.3 50.3%

London Heathrow features prominently in the top delayed city pairs, with the airport seeing weather delays throughout the year. Arrival flights experienced delays with knock on reactionary delay being observed on departing flights.


EUROCONTROL 15 CODA

13. Year-on-Year Trends in All-Causes Delay Indicators

This annex summarises the year-on-year trends in the main indicators of delay from all causes. A flight is considered delayed from 5 minutes. This is based on CODA data covering 69% of commercial flights in the ECAC region in 2013.

Figure 25. Average all-causes delay/delayed flight (departures left, arrivals right)

Figure 26. Percentage of flights delayed for all-causes delay (departures left, arrivals right)

Figure 27. Percentage of flights delayed >15mins for all-causes (departures left, arrivals right)


EUROCONTROL 16 CODA

A. Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations

Delay Parameter Abbreviations TTF Total Flights TRF Total Regulated Flights TDF Total Delayed Flights PRF Percentage of Regulated Flights PDF Percentage of Delayed Flights TDM Total Delay in Minutes ADM Average Delay per Movement ADD Average Delay per Delayed Flight

Glossary of Terms ACC Area Control Centre AEA Association of European Airlines AHM Airport Handling Manual ATFM Air Traffic Flow Management (used by IATA in the Standard IATA Delay Codes) ATFCM Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management (used by NM as a more comprehensive reference to the function) ATS Air Traffic Services BTO Block Time Overshoot CODA Central Office for Delay Analysis DDI-F Delay Difference Indicator - Flight NMD Directorate Network Management NMOC NM Operations Centre (Network Manager) ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference ESRA08 EUROCONTROL Statistical Reference Area 2008 FDPS Flight Data Processing System FMP Flow Management Position IACA International Air Carrier Association IATA International Air Transport Association


EUROCONTROL 17 CODA

B. CODA Delay Groupings

Link between CODA Causes and IATA delay codes.

CODA CAUSE Description

IATA Code

Primary Delay Cau

ses

Airline

Passenger and Baggage 11‐19

Cargo and Mail 21‐29

Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31‐39

Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41‐49

Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51‐58

Flight Operations and Crewing 61‐69

Other Airline Related Causes Others

Airport

ATFM due to Restriction at Destination Airport 83

Airport Facilities 87

Restrictions at Airport of Destination 88

Restrictions at Airport of Departure 89

En‐Route ATFM due to ATC En‐Route Demand / Capacity 81

ATFM due to ATC Staff / Equipment En‐Route 82

Governmental Security and Immigration 85‐86

Weather Weather (other than ATFM) 71‐79

ATFM due to Weather at Destination 84

Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 98‐99

Reactionary Late Arrival of Aircraft, Crew, Passengers or Load 91‐96


EUROCONTROL 18 CODA

C. Correlation between IATA Codes and the NM Regulation Codes

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es


EUROCONTROL 19 CODA

D. Standard IATA Delay Codes (AHM730)

Others 00-05 AIRLINE INTERNAL CODES 06 (OA) NO GATE/STAND AVAILABILITY DUE TO OWN AIRLINE ACTIVITY 09 (SG) SCHEDULED GROUND TIME LESS THAN DECLARED MINIMUM GROUND TIME

Passenger and Baggage 11 (PD) LATE CHECK-IN, acceptance after deadline 12 (PL) LATE CHECK-IN, congestions in check-in area 13 (PE) CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 14 (PO) OVERSALES, booking errors 15 (PH) BOARDING, discrepancies and paging, missing checked-in passenger 16 (PS) COMMERCIAL PUBLICITY/PASSENGER CONVENIENCE, VIP, press, ground meals and missing personal items 17 (PC) CATERING ORDER, late or incorrect order given to supplier 18 (PB) BAGGAGE PROCESSING, sorting etc. 19 (PW) REDUCED MOBILITY, boarding / deboarding of passengers with reduced mobility.

Cargo and Mail 21 (CD) DOCUMENTATION, errors etc. 22 (CP) LATE POSITIONING 23 (CC) LATE ACCEPTANCE 24 (CI) INADEQUATE PACKING 25 (CO) OVERSALES, booking errors 26 (CU) LATE PREPARATION IN WAREHOUSE 27 (CE) DOCUMENTATION, PACKING etc (Mail Only) 28 (CL) LATE POSITIONING (Mail Only) 29 (CA) LATE ACCEPTANCE (Mail Only)

Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31 (GD) AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION LATE/INACCURATE, weight and balance, general declaration, pax manifest, etc. 32 (GL) LOADING/UNLOADING, bulky, special load, cabin load, lack of loading staff 33 (GE) LOADING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, e.g. container pallet loader, lack of staff 34 (GS) SERVICING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. steps 35 (GC) AIRCRAFT CLEANING 36 (GF) FUELLING/DEFUELLING, fuel supplier 37 (GB) CATERING, late delivery or loading 38 (GU) ULD, lack of or serviceability 39 (GT) TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. pushback

Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41 (TD) AIRCRAFT DEFECTS. 42 (TM) SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, late release. 43 (TN) NON-SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, special checks and/or additional works beyond normal maintenance schedule. 44 (TS) SPARES AND MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown. 45 (TA) AOG SPARES, to be carried to another station. 46 (TC) AIRCRAFT CHANGE, for technical reasons. 47 (TL) STAND-BY AIRCRAFT, lack of planned stand-by aircraft for technical reasons. 48 (TV) SCHEDULED CABIN CONFIGURATION/VERSION ADJUSTMENTS.

Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51 (DF) DAMAGE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS, bird or lightning strike, turbulence, heavy or overweight landing, collision

during taxiing 52 (DG) DAMAGE DURING GROUND OPERATIONS, collisions (other than during taxiing), loading/off-loading damage,

contamination, towing, extreme weather conditions 55 (ED) DEPARTURE CONTROL 56 (EC) CARGO PREPARATION/DOCUMENTATION 57 (EF) FLIGHT PLANS 58 (EO) OTHER AUTOMATED SYSTEM


EUROCONTROL 20 CODA

Flight Operations and Crewing 61 (FP) FLIGHT PLAN, late completion or change of, flight documentation 62 (FF) OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS, fuel, load alteration 63 (FT) LATE CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby (flight deck or entire

crew) 64 (FS) FLIGHT DECK CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa, health

documents, etc. 65 (FR) FLIGHT DECK CREW SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 66 (FL) LATE CABIN CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby 67 (FC) CABIN CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa, health documents,

etc. 68 (FA) CABIN CREW ERROR OR SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 69 (FB) CAPTAIN REQUEST FOR SECURITY CHECK, extraordinary

Weather 71 (WO) DEPARTURE STATION 72 (WT) DESTINATION STATION 73 (WR) EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE 75 (WI) DE-ICING OF AIRCRAFT, removal of ice and/or snow, frost prevention excluding unserviceability of equipment 76 (WS) REMOVAL OF SNOW, ICE, WATER AND SAND FROM AIRPORT 77 (WG) GROUND HANDLING IMPAIRED BY ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS

ATFM + AIRPORT + GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES

AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT RESTRICTIONS 81 (AT) ATFM due to ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems 82 (AX) ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or staff shortage,

equipment failure, military exercise or extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area 83 (AE) ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial

action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights 84 (AW) ATFM due to WEATHER AT DESTINATION

AIRPORT AND GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES 85 (AS) MANDATORY SECURITY 86 (AG) IMMIGRATION, CUSTOMS, HEALTH 87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc. 88 (AD) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DESTINATION, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial action,

staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights 89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including Air Traffic

Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather1, industrial action, staff

shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights

Reactionary 91 (RL) LOAD CONNECTION, awaiting load from another flight 92 (RT) THROUGH CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight or previous sector 94 (RS) CABIN CREW ROTATION, awaiting cabin crew from another flight 95 (RC) CREW ROTATION, awaiting crew from another flight (flight deck or entire crew) 96 (RO) OPERATIONS CONTROL, re-routing, diversion, consolidation, aircraft change for reasons other than technical

Miscellaneous 97 (MI) INDUSTRIAL ACTION WITH OWN AIRLINE 98 (MO) INDUSTRIAL ACTION OUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE, excluding ATS 99 (MX) OTHER REASON, not matching any code above

SOURCE: IATA – Airport Handling Manual (730 & 731)

1 Restriction due to weather in case of ATFM regulation only, else refer to code 71 (WO)


EUROCONTROL 21 CODA

E. Standard IATA Delay Sub-Codes (AHM731)

73 (WR) WEATHER: EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE Z OUTSIDE AIRCRAFT LIMITS Y OUTSIDE CREW LIMITS X ETOPS 81 (AT) ATFM DUE TO ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems Z ATC ROUTEINGS Y HIGH DEMAND OR CAPACITY 82 (AX) ATFM DUE TO ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or

shortage or equipment failure, extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area Z INDUSTRIAL ACTION Y EQUIPMENT FAILURE X STAFF SHORTAGE W MILITARY ACTIVITY V SPECIAL EVENT 83 (AE) ATFM DUE TO RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to

obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights

Z HIGH DEMAND / ATC CAPACITY Y INDUSTRIAL ACTION X EQUIPMENT FAILURE W STAFF SHORTAGE V ACCIDENT / INCIDENT U MILITARY ACTIVITY T SPECIAL EVENT S NOISE ABATEMENT/NIGHT CURFEW R OTHER 87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc. Z LACK OF PARKING STANDS Y RAMP CONGESTION X LIGHTING OR BUILDINGS W GATE LIMITATION / NO GATE AVAILABLE V BAGGAGE SORTING SYSTEM DOWN / SLOW U NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO INFRASTRUCTURE T JET BRIDGE INOPERATIVE S LACK OF CHECK IN COUNTERS R ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FAILURE P PASSENGER TRANSPORT SYSTEM FAILURE N PUBLIC ADDRESS/FLIGHT INFORMATION DISPLAY SYSTEM FAILURE M INSUFFICIENT FIRE COVER L GROUND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FAILURE K NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO CONSTRUCTION J BREAKDOWN OF AIRPORT FUELLING SYSTEM H LATE OR LACK OF FOLLOW ME FOR PUSH-BACK G ANY OF THE ABOVE AT THE DESTINATION AIRPORT 89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including Air

Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather. Z ATC CAPACITY Y ATC INDUSTRIAL ACTION X ATC STAFFING W ATC EQUIPMENT V ATC ACCIDENT/INCIDENT U ATC DUE TO DE-ICING T ATC SPECIAL EVENT S ATC WEATHER R ATC RESTRICTIONS DUE TO CURFEW P ATC POLITICAL UNREST N ATC ENVIRONMENTAL M AIRPORT CLOSURE L RUNWAY CLOSURE K START-UP/PUSHBACK CLEARENCE DELAY (LOCAL ATC) J LOST FLIGHT PLAN BY ATC H CONSTRUCTION WORK/MAINTENENCE G OTHER 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight Z LATE ARRIVAL DUE DEPARTURE DELAY AT PREVIOUS STATION Y LATE ARRIVAL DUE ENROUTE DELAY X LATE ARRIVAL DUE DELAY AFTER LANDING W LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO HIGH DEMAND FOR DESTINATION STATION V LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO WEATHER AT DESTINATION U LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO TECHNICAL REASONS


EUROCONTROL 22 CODA

F. CODA Coverage Of Commercial Flights in the ECAC Region 2013


EUROCONTROL 23 CODA

Documents

CODA DIGEST 2013 New Look DRAFT CW04032014 · Heathrow also suffered from high delay after an aircraft incident on Friday July 12. During August 2013 London Heathrow, Palma and Zurich