CODA Digest Annual 2012 - EUROCONTROL | Supporting ...at Brussels, Frankfurt, London Heathrow and Palma airports. September 2012: Lufthansa cabin crew strikes on the 4th and 7th of

ar

Delays fell slightly in 2012, with airline delay data for all causes showing an average delay per delayed flight of 27 minutes, this was a decrease of 1% in comparison to the delays observed in 2011.

Delays fell slightly in 2012, with airline delay data for all causes showing an average delay per delayed flight of 27 minutes, this was a decrease of 1% in comparison to the delays observed in 2011.

Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe Annual 2012

FOREWORD

This report gives an overview of the delay situation in the European Civil Aviation Conference Area. This report has been prepared by the Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA), a service of EUROCONTROL. It is based on the EUROCONTROL CODA database which contains delay data provided directly by airlines.

The report consists of an overview of the reporting period, a summary of the main delay effects, and a series of charts and graphics, which illustrate the main characteristics of the reporting period. A glossary of terms and abbreviations used throughout the report is given in Annex E.

Airline data from the CODA database contains real recorded delays provided to CODA by airlines and is based on the difference between scheduled time of departure and actual off block time.

This report discusses delays from all-causes; for information regarding ATFCM delays see the complementary reports available at http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/network-operations-monitoring-and-reporting

Table of Contents

1. Headlines and Overview. ........................................................................................................................ 3

2. All-Causes Departure Delay Summary ................................................................................................... 9

3. All-Causes Arrival Delay Summary ...................................................................................................... 13

4. Summary of Significant Events in 2012................................................................................................ 15

5. Scheduling Indicators............................................................................................................................ 15

A. Year-on-Year Trends in All-Causes Delay Indicators............................................................................ 20

B. Busiest Airport pairs .............................................................................................................................. 21

C. All-causes departure delay by hour....................................................................................................... 22

D. Average Delay per Delayed Flight & Percentage of Flights Delayed at Departure Airports ................. 23

E. Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................... 24

F. Standard IATA Delay Codes (AHM730)................................................................................................ 25

G. Standard IATA Delay Sub-Codes (AHM731) ........................................................................................ 27

H. Correlation between IATA Delay Codes and the CFMU Reasons for Regulation ................................. 28

I. 2012 CODA coverage of commercial flights in the ECAC region. ......................................................... 29

© 2013 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)

This document is published by EUROCONTROL for information purposes. It may be copied in whole or in part provided that EUROCONTROL is mentioned as the source and to the extent justified by the non-commercial use (not for sale). The information in this document may not be modified without prior written permission from EUROCONTROL.

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Central Office for Delay Analysis EUROCONTROL 96 Rue de la Fusée B - 1130 Brussels

The Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA) is ISO 9001:2008 certified. Tel: + 32-2 729 33 91 Fax : + 32-2 729 90 04 E-Mail : [email protected] Web Site: http://www.eurocontrol.int/coda

Date of publication of this issue: 01/03/2013

EUROCONTROL 2 CODA

http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/network-operations-monitoring-and-reporting

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1. Headlines and Overview.

2012 saw an improvement in overall levels of delay with average delays decreasing to a 5 year low, with traffic levels decreasing by 2.4%.

The average delay per delayed flight (ADD) for departure traffic from all-causes of delay was 27 minutes, this was a decrease of 1%, in comparison to 2011.

The percentage of flights delayed on departure (by 5 minutes or more) decreased by 2 percentage points to 36%, in comparison to 2011.

The percentage of flights delayed by more than 15 minutes on departure decreased from 17% to 16%.

The average delay per delayed flight for arrival traffic from all-causes of delay was 28 minutes, remaining at a stable level to 2011.

The percentage of flights delayed on arrival (by 5 minutes or more) decreased by 2 percentage points to 34%.

Figure 1. Average Delay per Delayed Departure and Percentage of Delayed Departures Comparison

Figure 2. Average Delay per Delayed Arrival and Percentage of Delayed Arrivals Comparison

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2012 Overview.

January 2012:

January saw an overall improvement in delays in comparison to the same month last year, with average delays from all-causes at their lowest levels for 5 years. Airport delays saw increases following significant disruption in Istanbul as a result of snow. Poor weather conditions were also experienced in Amsterdam and London. ATFCM delays fell during the month with its contribution to the average delay per flight falling from 1.3 minutes to 0.9 minutes, with en-route delays falling notably.

February 2012:

February saw a overall deterioration in delays from all-causes in comparison to the record lows observed in same month last year. Frankfurt airport suffered from industrial action by ramp personnel between the 16th and 29th February, there was also one day of action in France on the 29th Feb. Amsterdam and Istanbul were affected by delays due to weather conditions. Heathrow, Munich and Manchester also experienced delays. In regard ATFCM delays, these remained at a similar level to those seen in February 2011.

March 2012:

March saw delays for all-causes remain at a stable level compared to that of March 2011. Weather was the main reason of delay during the month with delays from low visibility and high winds, particularly at the start of the month were experienced in Heathrow, Brussels, Paris airports and Munich. In regard ATFCM delays, these remained at a similar level to those seen in March 2011 with its contribution to the average delay per flight falling from 1 minute to 0.9 minutes per flight.

April 2012:

April saw a notable increase in all-causes of delay compared to April 2011. Airport related delays were seen particularly at Istanbul Ataturk as a result of cross wind, heavy rain and increase in traffic. ATFCM en-route delay also saw an increase in contribution following French ATC industrial action (from 2nd to 4th April) as well as Portugal although disruption was more localised. Heathrow and Paris airports suffered from weather delays, predominantly from high winds and thunderstorms.

May 2012:

Saw the start in the trend of lower delays. Airport related delays were seen particularly at Istanbul Ataturk caused by cross wind, heavy rain and increase in traffic. ATFM en-route delays decreased despite industrial actions in Portugal on 11th, 17th, 18th, 24th and 25th May with Lisbon seeing an increase in delays on these days. Weather conditions such as thunderstorms, heavy rain and low visibility affected operations in Heathrow, Stockholm, Frankfurt, Brussels, Amsterdam, Zurich and Paris airports.

June 2012:

EURO 2012 took place in Poland and Ukraine (8th June – 1st July). Despite an increased traffic at airports in these countries delays remained at a stable level in Poland with Ukraine seeing a small increase to its average delay per flight. Thunderstorms, heavy rain and low visibility affected operations in Heathrow, Frankfurt, Munich, Brussels, Amsterdam, Zurich and Vienna particularly on the 21st and 29th June. Istanbul Ataturk experienced delays due to airport capacity.

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July 2012:

Adverse weather conditions, particularly thunderstorms, impacted operations in Munich, Frankfurt and London Heathrow. The London Olympics 2012 started on the 27th July and ran through to 12th August, delays remained low during the games. With 40 UK airports being coordinated during the Olympic period the main airports receiving additional traffic were London Luton (EGGW), London Stansted (EGSS), London City (EGLC), Biggin Hill (EGKB) and Farnborough (EGLF). On the 26/27th of July, 72 heads of state arrived, 31 in their own aircraft and the remainder on scheduled flights. NM provided support to UK NATS and adjacent ACC’s. Further weather delays particularly thunderstorms were observed, impacting operations in Munich, Frankfurt and London Heathrow.

August 2012:

Airport delays saw small increases following delays in Brussels as a result of runway works, an airline strike on the 31st August affected Frankfurt with the airport seeing delays to parking stand unavailability. Amsterdam Schiphol experienced delays due to a historical bomb disposal on the 29th. Weather conditions, particularly low visibility, thunderstorms and winds impacted operations at Brussels, Frankfurt, London Heathrow and Palma airports.

September 2012:

Lufthansa cabin crew strikes on the 4th and 7th of September impacted Frankfurt airport with an estimated 1,000 cancelled flights. Lisbon experienced delays from ATC and capacity delays. London Heathrow, Frankfurt, Palma de Mallorca, Manchester and Amsterdam airports saw delays from weather, predominantly high winds, rain showers and thunderstorm activity.

October 2012:

Industrial action in France from the 22nd to 24th October, saw average delays for all-causes increase on these days. There was also a strike in Greece on the 18th of the month, however delays were low. Lisbon experienced delays due to ATC staffing and resultant capacity delays. London Heathrow was affected by low visibility and winds particularly on the 22nd, 23rd and 26th of the month. Similar conditions were reported in Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Munich, Madrid, Paris and Oslo. Zurich and Istanbul Ataturk experienced delays from runway configurations caused by environmental constraints and wind respectively.

November 2012:

November saw a record 5 year low for all-causes of delay with an average delay per delayed flight of 26 minutes being observed for the month. Reactionary delays also decreased to a lower level than last year with a 42% share of delay minutes alongside a fall in traffic of 3.7%.

On the 14th November, Europe saw a day of action in with flights in Spain, Portugal and France, these countries experienced disruption in the form of cancellations, these estimated at 1500 flights rather than long delays. The 15th November saw a strike in Marseille with delays being observed there were also an estimated 250 flight cancellations. London Heathrow experienced weather delays from strong winds and low visibility during the month, notably on the 15th November. Amsterdam Schiphol and Oslo also suffered from fog and snowfall.

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December 2012:

Delays increased in December with delays from all-causes shows an average delay per delayed flight (ADD) of 32 minutes, an 11% increase in comparison to the low level observed in December 2011. However delays remained below the record highs of 2009 and 2010, there was also a fall in traffic of 5.6%. December was a month more strongly affected by weather delays, ‘other weather’ delays increased from 0.7 minutes to 1.4 minutes per flight during the month (Figure 3). On the 7th of December airport weather delays were observed particularly at Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Düsseldorf and Geneva, there was also industrial action at Brest ACC. On the 9th of December weather delays were at observed Frankfurt, Munich, Berlin-Tegel and Copenhagen airports mainly from snow and related low visibility, strong winds were also noted at Amsterdam and London Heathrow airports.

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Analysis of the delay causes contributing to the 2012 average delay per flight of 10 minutes (Figure 3) shows a slight decrease in the contribution of reactionary delay, down from 4.5 to 4.3 minutes per flight. Airline related delays remained at the same level of 2.8 minutes per flight. Airline reported ATFM en-route related delays decreased by 39% to 0.4 minutes per flight in comparison to 0.7 minutes per flight in 2011.

Note: IATA Delay Code 19 (Passengers with Reduced Mobility) is included in airline grouping

Figure 3. Primary delay causes, 2011 vs. 2012

Figure 4. Primary delay causes, 2011 vs. 2012

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Figure 5. ATFM Share of All-Causes Primary Delay.

Looking further into the history of the ATFM proportion of primary delay (Figure 5), the en-route percentage share of the total primary delay minutes was 12.7% in the main summer quarter (Q3) of 2012, this was the lowest Q3 share noted since 2009. The Q4 proportion was 9.6%. Delay minutes also fell, these down by 35%. The share of ATFM airport delay remained at a stable level of 12% in the quarter. (Figure 4).

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2. All-Causes Departure Delay Summary 1

The average delay per flight from all causes of delay decreased by 5% to 10 minutes per flight in 2012 (Figure 6).

44% of flights departed within the 5 minute threshold before or after the scheduled departure time. Flights departing >5 minutes ahead of schedule increased by 1 point to 20% (Figure 7)

Figure 6. Average delay per flight (All-Causes) for Departures

Figure 7. All-Causes Departure Punctuality 2011 vs. 2012

1A flight is considered delayed as from 5 minutes.

The analysis was based on airline data provided to CODA. Unless otherwise mentioned, a flight is considered delayed/advanced as from 5 minutes.

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Figure 8. Long departure delays >120 minutes (2011 vs. 2012)

Flights delayed by more than 120 minutes (2 hours) saw an improvement in comparison to 2011, slight increases in delay were noted during the summer months however these remained below 1%. The only exception was December 2012 were delays increased following weather disruption.

Figure 9. Primary and reactionary all-cause delay, by IATA code (%)

Figure 9 shows that: Reactionary delay saw a decrease in its contribution to the average delay per flight of 0.3 minutes down to 4.3 minutes per flight, however the delay share of the total delay minutes slightly increased when compared to 2011. ATFM En-Route Demand/Capacity delay contribution decreased when compared to 2011 by 0.2 minutes per flight and 2 percentage points. Weather saw slight increases following a year that saw more weather delays than previously.

The link from these categories to IATA codes is summarised in Figure 17.

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Figure 10. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Departure Airports 2012

Rank Departure Airport ICAO Code

Average Delay per Departure

(mins)

Average

Delay per Flight

Percentage Change

(vs. 2011)

Average Delay per Delayed

Departure

Percentage Delayed

Departures

1 LISBOA LPPT 16.4 19% 31.3 52.4%

2 ISTANBUL-ATATURK LTBA 13.8 81% 28.6 48.0%

3 MANCHESTER EGCC 13.7 8% 32.4 42.1%

4 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 12.5 16% 26.8 46.5%

5 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 12.0 10% 28.1 42.7%

6 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 11.7 -7% 29.5 39.8%

7 MALAGA LEMG 11.4 1% 29.2 39.1%

8 PARIS CH DE

GAULLE LFPG 11.4 -9% 23.9 47.6%

9 MADRID BARAJAS LEMD 11.2 -30% 25.2 44.5%

10 PALMA DE MALLORCA

LEPA 10.7 -19% 27.4 39.2%

11 ROME FIUMICINO LIRF 10.2 -9% 23.4 43.7%

12 ZURICH LSZH 10.0 10% 19.8 50.7%

13 VENEZIA TESSERA LIPZ 9.8 -17% 27.4 35.7%

14 NICE LFMN 9.8 -5% 25.9 37.7%

15 FRANKFURT MAIN EDDF 9.7 -15% 21.2 45.7%

16 PARIS ORLY LFPO 9.6 -5% 25.1 38.5%

17 BIRMINGHAM EGBB 9.6 2% 26.0 37.1%

18 LAS PALMAS GCLP 9.6 -10% 30.6 31.4%

19 SCHIPHOL

AMSTERDAM EHAM 9.5 -10% 24.2 39.2%

20 MILANO MALPENSA LIMC 9.5 -10% 26.9 35.3%

Figure 11. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected departure airports

Lisbon Airport noted the highest departure delay with an average delay per flight of 16 minutes, this was a 19% increase with flights being affected by en-route ATC staffing delays and industrial action. Manchester saw delays from arrival weather restrictions (strong winds and low visibility) causing reactionary delays especially affecting flights to Heathrow. Istanbul Ataturk saw an 81% increase in delay, following capacity and weather delays from non optimum runway configuration as a result of wind direction, an increase in arrival delay was also seen. In comparison to last summer, Madrid Barajas saw delays fall by 30% to 11 minutes per flight (see Figure 15).

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Figure 12. All-Causes delay situation for the 20 most affected airport pairs 2012

Rank Departure Airport Arrival Airport

Average Delay Per Departure

(mins)

Average Delay per Flight Percentage Change (vs. 2011)

Average Delay Per Delayed Departure

Percentage Delayed

Departures

1 MALAGA LONDON/GATWICK 20.2 22% 33.9 59.6%

2 LONDON/HEATHROW LISBOA 18.9 35% 32.4 58.1%

3 PARIS CH DE GAULLE ISTANBUL-ATATURK 18.6 28% 27.0 68.7%

4 LONDON/HEATHROW MADRID BARAJAS 18.1 -12% 27.7 65.2%

5 LISBOA LONDON/HEATHROW 17.7 44% 31.9 55.5%

6 LISBOA AEROPORTO DA

MADEIRA 17.4 36% 35.6 48.9%

7 LISBOA BARCELONA 16.6 23% 33.8 49.2%

8 MADRID BARAJAS LONDON/GATWICK 15.7 -11% 28.6 54.9%

9 LISBOA PORTO 15.4 27% 31.2 49.2%

10 AEROPORTO DA

MADEIRA LISBOA 15.1 63% 44.4 34.0%

11 GENEVE COINTRIN LONDON/GATWICK 15.1 -20% 31.2 48.4%

12 LONDON/HEATHROW ISTANBUL-ATATURK 15.0 36% 28.4 52.8%

13 TENERIFE NORTE MADRID BARAJAS 14.6 -26% 27.9 52.3%

14 ROME FIUMICINO MADRID BARAJAS 14.5 -34% 25.7 56.7%

15 LISBOA MADRID BARAJAS 14.3 -8% 31.9 44.8%

16 BARCELONA LISBOA 14.0 21% 33.9 41.2%

17 MADRID BARAJAS LONDON/HEATHROW 13.9 -21% 26.2 52.9%

18 ISTANBUL-ATATURK PARIS CH DE GAULLE 13.6 59% 27.5 49.6%

19 LONDON/GATWICK MALAGA 13.5 19% 26.5 51.0%

20 LONDON/HEATHROW NEW YORK 13.3 21% 26.7 49.9%

The Top 20 Most-Affected Airport Pairs shows that flights from and to Lisbon Airport suffered from en-route ATC staffing delays and industrial action notably in May. Flights arriving at Heathrow also experienced delays mainly from weather, mainly high winds and low visibility affecting arrival traffic. Gatwick experienced weather and airport capacity delays during the from runway works with delays increasing during the summer season (Figure 16 )

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3. All-Causes Arrival Delay Summary 2

The average delay per flight on arrival from all causes remained at 10 minutes per flight. Figure 13.

Regarding arrival punctuality, 26% of flights arrived on time (less than 5 minutes before or after the scheduled arrival time). The percentage of flights arriving >15 minutes ahead of schedule was 10%, this was an increase when compared to 2011 and highlights the trend of earlier arrivals that was noted during the year.

Figure 13. Average delay per flight (all-Causes) for Arrivals

Figure 14. All-Causes arrival punctuality 2011 vs. 2012

2 The analysis was based on airline data provided to CODA. Unless otherwise mentioned, a flight is considered delayed/advanced as from 5 minutes.

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Figure 15. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Arrival Airports 2012

Rank Arrival Airport ICAO Code

Average Delay per

Arrival (mins)

Average Delay per

Flight Percentage

Change (vs. 2011)

Average Delay per

Delayed Arrival

Percentage Delayed Arrivals

1 ISTANBUL-ATATURK LTBA 17.4 29% 34.0 51.1%

2 LISBOA LPPT 16.9 31% 34.0 49.9%

3 MADRID BARAJAS LEMD 14.3 -32% 29.2 48.9%

4 MANCHESTER EGCC 14.1 2% 38.7 36.5%

5 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 13.1 6% 36.1 36.2%

6 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 13.1 20% 32.5 40.3%

7 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 11.2 -7% 35.9 31.1%

8 BIRMINGHAM EGBB 9.9 0% 32.1 31.0%

9 LAS PALMAS GCLP 9.7 -11% 27.5 35.3%

10 DUBLIN EIDW 9.6 -5% 30.6 31.5%

11 OSLO/GARDERMOEN ENGM 9.6 0% 25.6 37.5%

12 MALAGA LEMG 9.6 5% 27.5 34.8%

13 LONDON/STANSTED EGSS 9.4 10% 28.9 32.6%

14 FERIHEGY-BUDAPEST

LHBP 9.4 -6% 29.6 31.6%

15 PARIS CH DE

GAULLE LFPG 9.3 0% 26.7 34.7%

16 KOELN-BONN EDDK 9.2 -4% 26.4 34.8%

17 SCHIPHOL

AMSTERDAM EHAM 9.2 -7% 33.9 27.0%

18 MILANO MALPENSA LIMC 9.1 -7% 30.0 30.4%

19 BARCELONA LEBL 9.1 -21% 27.1 33.6%

20 PALMA DE MALLORCA

LEPA 9.0 -20% 25.9 34.6%

Figure 16. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected arrival airports

When analysing the Top 20 affected arrival airports; the effect of weather in 2012 on arrivals can be seen in the above graph. Istanbul Ataturk ranked first for arrival delays with an average delay per flight of 17 minutes. Manchester was affected by weather delays on arrival. A high share of reactionary delay was observed at Lisbon, following ATC staffing delays that affected flights earlier in the day resulting in a 17 minute average delay per flight. Madrid Barajas saw a 32% reduction in delays. London Heathrow saw a large share of weather related delay on arrival. (Figure 16).

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Figure 17. Link between CODA Causes and IATA delay codes.

CODA CAUSE Description

IATA Code

Passenger and Baggage 11‐19

Cargo and Mail 21‐29

Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31‐39

Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41‐49

Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51‐58

Flight Operations and Crewing 61‐69

Airline

Other Airline Related Causes Others

ATFM due to Restriction at Destination Airport 83

Airport Facilities 87

Restrictions at Airport of Destination 88 Airport

Restrictions at Airport of Departure 89

ATFM due to ATC En‐Route Demand / Capacity 81 En‐Route

ATFM due to ATC Staff / Equipment En‐Route 82

Governmental Security and Immigration 85‐86

Weather (other than ATFM) 71‐79 Weather

ATFM due to Weather at Destination 84

Primary Delay Cau

ses

Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 98‐99

Reactionary Late Arrival of Aircraft, Crew, Passengers or Load 91‐96

4. Summary of Significant Events in 2012.

January 2012: Winds, low visibility and snow; affected Amsterdam, Istanbul, Heathrow, Munich, Oslo and

Zurich throughout January. Istanbul: January snow and single runway operations. World Economic Forum in Davos 25th to 29th January. Iberia pilots strike 27th January.

Spanair ceased operations 28th January 2012.

February 2012

Frankfurt: Ramp personnel strike between 16th and 29th February. France: Industrial action 29th February. Malev Hungarian Airlines ceased operations 3rd February 2012.

March 2012:

London Heathrow, Munich, Paris CDG & Orly, Amsterdam and Brussels were badly affected by low visibility 1st & 2nd March.

Istanbul Ataturk: Weather and airport capacity delays. ATC industrial action: Portugal 23rd March, Frankfurt ramp personal strike 29th March.

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London Heathrow, Zurich, Amsterdam, Brussels and Paris airports were affected by weather

conditions (strong winds and thunderstorms). Istanbul Ataturk: Airport capacity problems as a result of runway configuration and weather

(wind direction).

April 2012:

London Gatwick: Aircraft blocked runway following evacuation 16th April. French ATC industrial action (from 2nd to 4th April). Portugal: Industrial action 12th, 13th, 19th, 20th and 26th. Main effect was on Portuguese

airports. Helsinki: Single runway operations due to works in progress in April.

May 2012:

Danish airline Cimber Sterling ceased operations on 3rd May 2012. May 2012 weather conditions such as thunderstorms, heavy rain and low visibility affected

operations in Heathrow, Stockholm, Frankfurt, Brussels, Amsterdam, Zurich and Paris airports. Airport delays continued at Istanbul-Ataturk, there was also a strike by airline personnel on the

29th May affecting Turkish Airlines operations at the airport. Munich Airport: Zero rate due to disabled aircraft off runway 17th May. Industrial actions in Portugal on 11th, 17th, 18th, 24th and 25th May. Champions League Final Munich 19th May.

June 2012:

Weather conditions such as thunderstorms, heavy rain and low visibility affected operations in Heathrow, Frankfurt, Munich, Brussels, Amsterdam, Zurich and Vienna particularly on the 21st and 29th June.

EURO 2012 Football Championship in Poland and Ukraine 8th-30th June: Traffic increases observed delays remained stable.

July 2012:

2012 Olympic Games in London 27th July – 12th August.

August 2012:

Adverse weather conditions, particular thunderstorms, impacted operations in Munich, Frankfurt and London Heathrow in August.

Airline strike on the 31st August affecting Frankfurt. Amsterdam Schiphol experienced delays due to a historical bomb disposal on the 29th

August.

September 2012:

Weather conditions, particularly low visibility, thunderstorms and winds impacted operations at Brussels, Frankfurt, London Heathrow and Palma airport in September.

Lufthansa cabin crew strikes on the 4th and 7th September resulted in an estimated 1000 flights cancelled.

26th September Greek ATC strike and an exceptional power cut that triggered a radar failure on 29th September which affected Athens.

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October 2012:

French industrial action 22nd - 24th October. Social issues affected capacity in Portugal notably Lisbon. Weather conditions, particularly low visibility, thunderstorms and winds impacted

operations at London Heathrow, Palma and Amsterdam Schiphol, Paris CDG, Munich, Vienna and Oslo airports in October.

Southerly winds at Istanbul Ataturk limited the use of the optimum runway configuration Environmental constraints at Zurich airport restricted the use of the optimum runway

configuration. Hurricane Sandy impacted North Atlantic flights on 28th, 29th and 30th October.

November 2012:

Marseille industrial action 15th November. European Day of action in Spain, Portugal and France these countries experienced

disruption mainly by cancellations estimated at 1500 flights rather than delays. Social issues affected capacity in Portugal notably Lisbon. Weather conditions, particularly low visibility and winds impacted operations at London

Heathrow, Amsterdam Schiphol, Paris CDG & ORY, Munich, Vienna, Geneva and Oslo airports in November.

Southerly winds at Istanbul Ataturk limited the use of the optimum runway configuration. Canary Island airports experienced delays due to capacity as a result of runway

configurations from southerly winds in November.

December 2012:

Brest ACC 7th of December industrial action. Seasonal weather (snow, low visibility and winds) affected London Heathrow, Amsterdam

Schiphol, Frankfurt, Munich, Stockholm-Arlanda, Zurich, Geneva, Berlin-Tegel and Madrid Barajas in December.

Canary Island airports experienced delays due to capacity problems as a result of runways configurations from southerly winds.

Lisbon social issues affected capacity during December. Istanbul Ataturk: Wind direction caused capacity delays from limited use of optimum

runway configuration.

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5. CODA Scheduling Indicators

Scheduling correctly is a difficult art: if too long a time is blocked for a flight, the airline will not be able to make best use of resources - staff, airframes, infrastructure. But too short a time can arguably be worse as late flights generate rotational delay with late incoming aircraft and passengers from previous flights having to be accommodated. When flights leave on time but arrive after the scheduled time of arrival, they cause reactionary delays.

The first of the new CODA Scheduling indicators is the Block Time Overshoot (BTO). This indicator describes the percentage of flights with an actual block time that exceeds the scheduled block time.

In the 2012 the BTO remained stable at 30%, then fell slightly in comparison to the 31% during the previous year. This indicates that less flights had an actual block time exceeding the scheduled block time. The summer months saw a particularly low BTO’s.

Figure 18. Block Time Overshoot (BTO) 2011 vs. 2012.

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The second of the new indicators is the Delay Difference Indicator - Flight (DDI-F). This shows the difference between arrival and departure punctuality expressed in minutes. This can be indicated as a positive or negative figure, for example a flight departing with 20 minutes delay and arriving with 30 minutes arrival delay will have a DDI-F of +10 minutes.

In 2012 the DDI-F on European flights was -3.2 minutes which was on slightly lower when compared to the -3.0 minutes in 2011. The DDI-F on European flights in 2012 was less than -4 minutes per flight in July and August.

Figure 19. Delay Difference Indicator – Flight (DDI-F) 2011 vs. 2012.

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A. Year-on-Year Trends in All-Causes Delay Indicators

This annex summarises the year-on-year trends in the main indicators of delay from all causes. A flight is considered delayed from 5 minutes. This is based on CODA data covering 67% of commercial flights in the ECAC region in 2012.

Figure 20. Average all-causes delay/delayed flight (departures left, arrivals right)

Figure 21. Percentage of flights delayed for all-causes delay (departures left, arrivals right)

Figure 22. Percentage of flights delayed > 15mins for all-Causes (departures left, arrivals right)

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B. Busiest Airport pairs

Figure 23. Busiest airport pairs for flights in 2012

Rank Between airport and airport Flights Per Day 2012

Change since 2011

(%)

1 MADRID BARAJAS BARCELONA 61.5 -19%

2 ISTANBUL-ATATURK IZMIR-ADNAN-

MENDERES 59.5 12%

3 TOULOUSE BLAGNAC PARIS ORLY 51.1 1%

4 TRONDHEIM/VAERNES OSLO/GARDERMOEN 48.7 4%

5 ROME FIUMICINO MILANO LINATE 48.2 2%

6 BERGEN/FLESLAND OSLO/GARDERMOEN 48.0 -2%

7 NICE PARIS ORLY 45.8 2%

8 ISTANBUL-ATATURK ANTALYA 44.3 6%

9 STAVANGER/SOLA OSLO/GARDERMOEN 43.6 2%

10 ISTANBUL-ATATURK ANKARA-ESENBOGA 42.3 4%

11 PALMA DE MALLORCA BARCELONA 40.7 -14%

12 LAS PALMAS TENERIFE NORTE 39.2 -12%

13 DUESSELDORF MUENCHEN 2 37.9 -4%

14 MUENCHEN 2 TEGEL-BERLIN 37.8 -3%

15 HAMBURG MUENCHEN 2 37.6 -1%

16 FRANKFURT MAIN TEGEL-BERLIN 37.4 -2%

17 GUERNSEY JERSEY 37.3 -12%

18 LONDON/HEATHROW SCHIPHOL

AMSTERDAM 36.8 6%

19 FRANKFURT MAIN LONDON/HEATHROW 36.2 4%

20 LONDON/HEATHROW NEW YORK 36.2 6%

In 2012 there were 2.4% fewer flights in the EUROCONTROL Statistical Reference Area (ESRA) than in 2011.

Despite seeing a decrease in flights of 19% following airline restructuring in the region and the ceasing of Spanair operations, Madrid Barajas to Barcelona was the busiest airport paring in 2012. Istanbul Ataturk to Izmir was the second busiest airport pairing, with this city pair seeing an increase in the number of flights of 12%.

EUROCONTROL 21 CODA


C. All-causes departure delay by hour

This annex summarises the all-cause delay by hour of the day and major causes.

Figure 24. All-causes departure delay by hour of the day 2012.

Figure 25. All-causes departure delay by hour of the day 2011.

EUROCONTROL 22 CODA


D. Average Delay per Delayed Flight & Percentage of Flights Delayed at Departure Airports

For airports with an average of more than 80 departures a day, this annex summarises the average delay per delayed flight (ADD) on departure and percentage of flights delayed (PDF) on departure in the month.

Figure 26. ADD vs. PDF 2012 (2012 top 20 airports for average delay/flight are labelled)

Figure 27. ADD vs. PDF 2011 (2011 top 20 airports for average delay/flight are labelled)

EUROCONTROL 23 CODA


EUROCONTROL 24 CODA

E. Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations

Delay Parameter Abbreviations

TTF Total Flights TRF Total Regulated Flights TDF Total Delayed Flights PRF Percentage of Regulated Flights PDF Percentage of Delayed Flights TDM Total Delay in Minutes ADM Average Delay per Movement ADR Average Delay per Regulated Flight ADD Average Delay per Delayed Flight

Glossary of Terms ACC Area Control Centre AEA Association of European Airlines AHM Airport Handling Manual ATFM Air Traffic Flow Management (used by IATA in the Standard IATA Delay Codes) ATFCM Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management (used by NM as a more comprehensive reference to the function) ATS Air Traffic Services BTO Block Time Overshoot CODA Central Office for Delay Analysis DDI-F Delay Difference Indicator - Flight DNM Directorate Network Management NMOC NM Operations Centre (Network Manager) ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference FDPS Flight Data Processing System FMP Flow Management Position IACA International Air Carrier Association IATA International Air Transport Association


F. Standard IATA Delay Codes (AHM730)

Others 00-05 AIRLINE INTERNAL CODES 06 (OA) NO GATE/STAND AVAILABILITY DUE TO OWN AIRLINE ACTIVITY 09 (SG) SCHEDULED GROUND TIME LESS THAN DECLARED MINIMUM GROUND TIME

Passenger and Baggage 11 (PD) LATE CHECK-IN, acceptance after deadline 12 (PL) LATE CHECK-IN, congestions in check-in area 13 (PE) CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 14 (PO) OVERSALES, booking errors 15 (PH) BOARDING, discrepancies and paging, missing checked-in passenger 16 (PS) COMMERCIAL PUBLICITY/PASSENGER CONVENIENCE, VIP, press, ground meals and missing personal

items 17 (PC) CATERING ORDER, late or incorrect order given to supplier 18 (PB) BAGGAGE PROCESSING, sorting etc. 19 (PW) REDUCED MOBILITY, boarding / deboarding of passengers with reduced mobility.

Cargo and Mail 21 (CD) DOCUMENTATION, errors etc. 22 (CP) LATE POSITIONING 23 (CC) LATE ACCEPTANCE 24 (CI) INADEQUATE PACKING 25 (CO) OVERSALES, booking errors 26 (CU) LATE PREPARATION IN WAREHOUSE 27 (CE) DOCUMENTATION, PACKING etc (Mail Only) 28 (CL) LATE POSITIONING (Mail Only) 29 (CA) LATE ACCEPTANCE (Mail Only)

Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31 (GD) AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION LATE/INACCURATE, weight and balance, general declaration, pax manifest,

etc. 32 (GL) LOADING/UNLOADING, bulky, special load, cabin load, lack of loading staff 33 (GE) LOADING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, e.g. container pallet loader, lack of staff 34 (GS) SERVICING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. steps 35 (GC) AIRCRAFT CLEANING 36 (GF) FUELLING/DEFUELLING, fuel supplier 37 (GB) CATERING, late delivery or loading 38 (GU) ULD, lack of or serviceability 39 (GT) TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. pushback

Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41 (TD) AIRCRAFT DEFECTS. 42 (TM) SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, late release. 43 (TN) NON-SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, special checks and/or additional works beyond normal maintenance

schedule. 44 (TS) SPARES AND MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown. 45 (TA) AOG SPARES, to be carried to another station. 46 (TC) AIRCRAFT CHANGE, for technical reasons. 47 (TL) STAND-BY AIRCRAFT, lack of planned stand-by aircraft for technical reasons. 48 (TV) SCHEDULED CABIN CONFIGURATION/VERSION ADJUSTMENTS.

Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51 (DF) DAMAGE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS, bird or lightning strike, turbulence, heavy or overweight landing,

collision during taxiing 52 (DG) DAMAGE DURING GROUND OPERATIONS, collisions (other than during taxiing), loading/off-loading damage,

contamination, towing, extreme weather conditions 55 (ED) DEPARTURE CONTROL 56 (EC) CARGO PREPARATION/DOCUMENTATION 57 (EF) FLIGHT PLANS 58 (EO) OTHER AUTOMATED SYSTEM

EUROCONTROL 25 CODA


EUROCONTROL 26 CODA

Flight Operations and Crewing 61 (FP) FLIGHT PLAN, late completion or change of, flight documentation 62 (FF) OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS, fuel, load alteration 63 (FT) LATE CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby (flight deck or

entire crew) 64 (FS) FLIGHT DECK CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa,

health documents, etc. 65 (FR) FLIGHT DECK CREW SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 66 (FL) LATE CABIN CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby 67 (FC) CABIN CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa, health

documents, etc. 68 (FA) CABIN CREW ERROR OR SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 69 (FB) CAPTAIN REQUEST FOR SECURITY CHECK, extraordinary

Weather 71 (WO) DEPARTURE STATION 72 (WT) DESTINATION STATION 73 (WR) EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE 75 (WI) DE-ICING OF AIRCRAFT, removal of ice and/or snow, frost prevention excluding unserviceability of equipment 76 (WS) REMOVAL OF SNOW, ICE, WATER AND SAND FROM AIRPORT 77 (WG) GROUND HANDLING IMPAIRED BY ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS

ATFM + AIRPORT + GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES

AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT RESTRICTIONS 81 (AT) ATFM due to ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems 82 (AX) ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or staff

shortage, equipment failure, military exercise or extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area

83 (AE) ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights

84 (AW) ATFM due to WEATHER AT DESTINATION

AIRPORT AND GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES 85 (AS) MANDATORY SECURITY 86 (AG) IMMIGRATION, CUSTOMS, HEALTH 87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc. 88 (AD) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DESTINATION, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial

action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights 89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including Air

Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather3, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights

Reactionary 91 (RL) LOAD CONNECTION, awaiting load from another flight 92 (RT) THROUGH CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight or previous sector 94 (RS) CABIN CREW ROTATION, awaiting cabin crew from another flight 95 (RC) CREW ROTATION, awaiting crew from another flight (flight deck or entire crew) 96 (RO) OPERATIONS CONTROL, re-routing, diversion, consolidation, aircraft change for reasons other than technical

Miscellaneous 97 (MI) INDUSTRIAL ACTION WITH OWN AIRLINE 98 (MO) INDUSTRIAL ACTION OUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE, excluding ATS 99 (MX) OTHER REASON, not matching any code above

SOURCE: IATA – Airport Handling Manual (730 & 731)

3 Restriction due to weather in case of ATFM regulation only, else refer to code 71 (WO)


G. Standard IATA Delay Sub-Codes (AHM731)

73 (WR) WEATHER: EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE Z OUTSIDE AIRCRAFT LIMITS Y OUTSIDE CREW LIMITS X ETOPS 81 (AT) ATFM DUE TO ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems Z ATC ROUTEINGS Y HIGH DEMAND OR CAPACITY 82 (AX) ATFM DUE TO ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or

staff shortage or equipment failure, extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area

Z INDUSTRIAL ACTION Y EQUIPMENT FAILURE X STAFF SHORTAGE W MILITARY ACTIVITY V SPECIAL EVENT 83 (AE) ATFM DUE TO RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to

obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights

Z HIGH DEMAND / ATC CAPACITY Y INDUSTRIAL ACTION X EQUIPMENT FAILURE W STAFF SHORTAGE V ACCIDENT / INCIDENT U MILITARY ACTIVITY T SPECIAL EVENT S NOISE ABATEMENT/NIGHT CURFEW R OTHER 87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc. Z LACK OF PARKING STANDS Y RAMP CONGESTION X LIGHTING OR BUILDINGS W GATE LIMITATION / NO GATE AVAILABLE V BAGGAGE SORTING SYSTEM DOWN / SLOW U NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO INFRASTRUCTURE T JET BRIDGE INOPERATIVE S LACK OF CHECK IN COUNTERS R ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FAILURE P PASSENGER TRANSPORT SYSTEM FAILURE N PUBLIC ADDRESS/FLIGHT INFORMATION DISPLAY SYSTEM FAILURE M INSUFFICIENT FIRE COVER L GROUND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FAILURE K NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO CONSTRUCTION J BREAKDOWN OF AIRPORT FUELLING SYSTEM H LATE OR LACK OF FOLLOW ME FOR PUSH-BACK G ANY OF THE ABOVE AT THE DESTINATION AIRPORT 89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including

Air Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather.

Z ATC CAPACITY Y ATC INDUSTRIAL ACTION X ATC STAFFING W ATC EQUIPMENT V ATC ACCIDENT/INCIDENT U ATC DUE TO DE-ICING T ATC SPECIAL EVENT S ATC WEATHER R ATC RESTRICTIONS DUE TO CURFEW P ATC POLITICAL UNREST N ATC ENVIRONMENTAL M AIRPORT CLOSURE L RUNWAY CLOSURE K START-UP/PUSHBACK CLEARENCE DELAY (LOCAL ATC) J LOST FLIGHT PLAN BY ATC H CONSTRUCTION WORK/MAINTENENCE G OTHER 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight Z LATE ARRIVAL DUE DEPARTURE DELAY AT PREVIOUS STATION Y LATE ARRIVAL DUE ENROUTE DELAY X LATE ARRIVAL DUE DELAY AFTER LANDING W LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO HIGH DEMAND FOR DESTINATION STATION V LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO WEATHER AT DESTINATION U LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO TECHNICAL REASONS

EUROCONTROL 27 CODA


EUROCONTROL 28 CODA

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I. 2012 CODA coverage of commercial flights in the ECAC region.

EUROCONTROL 29 CODA

Documents

CODA Digest Annual 2012 - EUROCONTROL | Supporting ...at Brussels, Frankfurt, London Heathrow and Palma airports. September 2012: Lufthansa cabin crew strikes on the 4th and 7th of