1 Coding-Decoding Tests Some useIul points required Ior these tests Numbered Alphabet Table 1.Forward order of lettersABCDEFGHJKLM 12345678910111213 NOPQRSTUVWXYZ 14151617181920212223242526 .Reverse order of letters (Back ward) 26252423222120191817161514 ABCDEFGHJKLM 13121110987654321 NOPQRSTUVWXYZ .Opposite letters A-Z, B-Y ,C-X, D-W, E-V, F-U, G-T, H-S, I-R, J-Q, K-P, L-O, M-N To arrive quickly at the position oI the alphabet we use the concept oIE JOTY 510152025 1. etter Coding In these questions, the letters in a word are replaced by certain other letters according to a speciIic rule to Iorm its code. Type I. Analogical coding . These codes are based on the analogy given as the question itselI. (1) II 'SPTFA stands Ior 'BLADE, How will you code 'BALE ?

Ans: BSBS LPAT ATLP DFThenEA EAAns: STPA Type II : Coding with a specific pattern: 1.Forward and backward sequence pattern:(1) II 'QUIZ is coded as 'RVJA, how will you code 'CLASS ?. Q becomes R, U becomes V,I becomes J,Z becomes A. Here each letter is coded by the next alphabetic sequence, with the last letter oI the alphabet 'Z becoming the Iirst, A. ThereIore 'CLASS will be coded 'DMBTT. Q UI ZSimilarly, we haveC LA S S 1 1 1 11 1 1 11 R VJ A DM B T T 2

(2) In a certain code, TAP is written as SZO. How will you code FREEZE ? Ans : Each letter in the TAP is moved onestep backward to obtain the corresponding letter oI the code. TAP Similarly F RE E ZE -1-1-1 We have-1-1 -1 -1-1 -1 S ZOE QDD Y Z Code EQDDYZ : Opposite sequence pattern (3) II DATE` is coded as WZGV`, how will you code COME`? Here the coding is done in backward alphabet order, i.e. A is coded as Z, B as Y, and C as X and so on. The numbered alphabet will help you to identiIy the pattern in such question. Ans: XLNV Forward Backward : Skipped sequence pattern II ACT` is coded as DFW`, how will you code BAD`? Use the numbered alphabet table and you will see that two letters are skipped in the alphabetic sequence. Similarly we have

Ans: EDG 4. Mixed sequence pattern (2) In a certain code SIKKIM is written as THLJJL. How would TRAINING be written in that code? SKKM +1-1+1-1+1-1 THLJJL Similarly , we have: Ans: UQBHOHOF COME 315135 XLNV DATE 41205 WZGV ACT SKP 2SKP 2SKP 2 DFW BAD SKP 2SKP 2SKP 2 EDG TRANNG +1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1 UQBHOHOF 3 . Coding by reversing letters 1.In a certain system oI coding, STATEMENT is written as TNEMETATS. In the same system oI coding what should be the word POLITICAL? Ans: The letters oI the given word are written in a reverser order to obtain the code. Reversing the order oI letters in political we get LACITILOP2. FORGE is coded as FPTJI. What is the code Ior CULPRIT Ans: FO RG E CU LPRI T 0 12 3 4 Similarly 012 3 4 5 6 F PTJICV NSV NZ 6. Random sequence pattern BOMBAY is coded as MYMYMY. How will you code TAMILNADU Ans:B O MBAY pattern3rdand 6thletter repeating3 times M YM YM YAns :T AMI L NAD U code - M N U M N U M N U TYPE III -SUBSTITUTION Ex.1 II 'cookis called 'butler, 'butler is called 'manager, manager is called 'teacher, 'teacher is called 'clerk and 'clerk is called 'principal who will teach in a class? (a) Cook(b)Butler(c) Manager(d)Teacher(e)Clerk Sol. Clearly, a 'teacher teaches in a class and as given, teacher is called 'clerk. So a 'clerk will teach in the class. Hence, the answer is (e). Ex.2 II diamond is called gold, gold is called silver, silver is called ruby, and ruby is called emerald, which is the cheapest jewel? (a) Diamond(b) Silver(c) Gold (d)Ruby (e)Emerald Sol. We know that silver is the cheapest. But as given, silver is called 'ruby. So ruby is the cheapest. Hence the answer is (d) TYPEIV:DECIPHERING MESSAGE WORD CODES Ex.1 In a certain language, 'sun shines brightly is written as 'ba lo sul. 'Houses are brightly lit as' kado ula ari ba and 'light comes Irom sun as 'dopi kup lo nro.What code words are written Ior 'sun and 'brightly a)ba,sulb) sul,lo c) lo,bad)ba,loIn the Iirst and the third statements, the common word is 'sun and the common code word is 'lo .So 'lo is the code Ior 'sun. In the Iirst and second statements, the common word is brightly` and the common code word is 'ba .So 'ba is the code Ior 'brightly. Hence the answer is (c) . Number Coding In this coding scheme the letters oI the alphabet are allotted a numerical value.1) Analogical coding with numbers.This is done by correlating a letter with its numerical equivalent.II LODES` is coded as 46321`, how will you code the word DOES`? 4 Answer : L OD E S ThereIoreD OES 46 3 2 1 36 2 1 () Coding with a specific pattern: 1.Forward sequence numbering:eg ( A1,B2 etc) II in a certain code ACE` 1-3-5`. How will you code ACTED`? Ans: 1-3-20-5-4 .Backward sequence numbering (Eg: Z1,Y2,A26 etc ) II date is coded as 23-26-7-22`, how will you code 'zealAns: 1-22-26-15 .Random sequence numbering II ~FRANCE is coded as 9-21-4-17-6-8, how will you code the Iollowing? (1) INDIA (2) CANADA (3) GERMANY(4) NEPAL In this scheme oI coding, the numbering oI letter oI alphabet could start Irom any number keeping the letters in their normal alphabetic sequence. The pattern oI assignment is read as given in the Iollowing table. ABCDEFGHJKLM 45678910111213141516 NOPQRSTUVWXYZ 17181920212223242526123 Based on above pattern, the answers will be as Iollows. (1) 12-17-7-12-4 (2)6-4-17-4-7-4(3)10-8-21-16-4-17-2(4)17-8-19-4-15 4. Mathamatical operations with the position number of the letters (1) 'LATE is written in a code as 38.How will you code 'MAKE using the same coding scheme?Explanation: Use the numbered alphabet to write the numbers corresponding to the letters in 'LATE LA TE 12 1 20538 Thus the code Ior MAKE is 13111530. (2) II hotel is coded as 12, how will you code BORE? Explanation:H O T EL 8 15 20 512 60 They total up to 60.The code Ior HOTEL is 12.How are 60 and 12 related? 60/512.There are 5 letters in HOTEL. To encode BORE BOR E 215 18540 5 There are 4 letters in BORE. ThereIore the answer is 40/410 (3)II DOLLY is 68, then how much will be SEEMA? The coding is the sum oI Iorward sequence oI alphabets. DOLLY 415121225 68 SEEMA 1955131 43 (4) II NEERAJ is 109, then how much will be 'SHEETAL? The coding is the sum oI backward sequence oI alphabets. NEERAJ 13222292617 109 SHEETAL 819222272615 119 (III) MIXED CODING (LE11ERS + DICI1S) Mixed coding takes the pattern oIcoding with both the letters oI alphabets and numerical assignment. Ex: II A-3-T-5-D stands Ior ACTED and D- 1-T-5-D stands Ior DATED, how will you code the Iollowing: (1) FADED(2) PRESS (3) DREAM Ans)(1) F-1-D-5-D(2) P-18-E-19-S(3) D-18-E-1-13 .SERIES COMPETION NUMBER SERIES 1. Where the difference between two consecutive terms involve various arithmetic operations. I. 2,5,8,11,.....The common diIIerence is 3. II.33,25,17,9,.... The common diIIerence is -8. III.4,4,8,24,........ Here, the series is x1,x2,x3,.... IV.52,26,13,...... The series is based on the rule that every number is divided by 2. .Where the difference between the consecutive numbers are in some progression,ie,AP or GP. I. 7,18,34,55,...... Here the diIIerence between the terms is 11,16,21,which are in AP. II.8,9,12,21,48,129,.. Here the diIIerence between the terms is 1,3,9,27,81. Here, these terms are in GP. . Where series numbers differ by each other by perfect squares or cubes or they themselves are perfect squares or cubes. I. 5,6,10,19,35,..... The common diIIerence between the terms oI the series is (1)2(2)2(3)2(4)2 6 II.7,8,16,43,107,...... 1 82764125 The common diIIerence between the terms oI the series is (1)3(2)3(3)3(4)3(5)3 III.1, 4,9,16, The terms oI the series are (1)2, (2) 2,(3)2,(4)2 IV.27, 64,125,216..... The terms oI the series are (3)3, (4)3, (5)3, (6)3

ETTER SERIES Ietters are skipped in regular order EXAMPE 1. J L N P R T?2. C F I L O R? 3. B F J N R V? 4. E J O T Y D ?5. D J P V B H ?6. B I P W D K ? Answers with explanations 1.V. Look at J, L, N, P, R and T on the numbered alphabet. It`s easy to see the pattern is to skip one letter. 2.U. Look at C, F, I, L, O and R on the numbered alphabet. It`s easy to see the pattern is to skip two letters. 3.Z. Skip 3 letters.4.I. Skip 4 letters.5.N. Skip 5 letters. 6.R. Skip 6 letters. II. etters are skipped in increasing order 1. A C F J O ? 2. A D H M S ? 3. D F I M R ? Answers with explanations 1.U.Look at letters A, C,F,J and O on the numbered alphabet. You will see the pattern:A(skip 1) C(skip 2)F(skip 3)J (skip 4) O. ThereIore the next skip should be Iive letters bringing you to the answer (U) 2.Z. The skipping pattern is 2,3,4,5 and 6 letters. 3.X. The skipping pattern is 1,2,3,4 and 5 letters. III. etters are skipped in decreasing order 1.A,G,L,P,S? 2.B,I,O,T,X? 3.C,J,P,U,Y? Ans : 1. U .The skipping order is 5,4,3,2 . ThereIore the next skip should be one letter bringing you to the answerU. 2. A. The skipping order is 6,5,4,3,2 and 1 letters . Remember, AIter Z , A again Iollows This is circular numbering oI alphabet.3. B. The skipping order is 6,5,4,3,2 and aIter Z A is again repeated as in question 2 above. IV. Interlinked series 1.A,D,F,J,M,R? 2.C,G,J,O,S,Y? 7 Answer with explanation1.V Use the numberedalphabet and scribble down the number oI letters skippede.g.2,1,3,2,4, While writing down these numbers you will realize that there are two interlinked series. --------------------------------------------------------- (3) 2 1 3 2 4 ?

-------------------------------------------------------- 2,3,4 and 1,2 ? 3 completes the second series .ThereIore to get the answer skip 3 letters aIter R. Ans 2 ) D, the two interlinked series are --------------------------------------------------------- (4) 3 2 43 5 ?

-------------------------------------------------------- (V.a)ORDER PATTERN SERIES . 1.aa HI cc,cc JK ee,ee , LM gg 2. bb RS dd,II TU hh,jj VW ll 3.AbCd, EIGh, IjKl, Ans : 1. gg NO ii 2. nnXY pp 3.MnOp (V.b) ORDER PATTERN SERIES 1.The letter a,b,c may be arranged in cyclic order to Iorm a group and then repeated to Iorm a series . For example: a--cb--ab--a--ca--c. a) abaccbb)accbabc) aabbccd)baccbb II we put the letters oI the Iourth choicei.e baccbb, in the gaps we get the seriesabc abc abc abc abc . Here abc is repeated several times to Iorm a series . Hence the answer is (d). ii) A sequence may be Iormed by repeating some letters in a group. Consider--b--a--a--ba--b-- a)babaab(b) aabaab(c) aabaaa(d) abbaab When the letters oI (c) are placed, respectively in each gap we get the series in which the letters aba are repeated. ,-,,-,,-,,-,,-,The answer is (c) iii) A sequence oI letters may be Iormed by repeating same group oI letters, skipping one and repeating another. For example8 ab-c-c-a-ab-a-cc (a) bbccab (b) aabcba (c) cbacbb(d)bacbbc II we put the letters oI choice (c) in the gaps oI the series, we obtain abcc/bcaa/cabb/abcc . Here in the group oI letters abcc, c is repeated. Next a is dropped Irom abc. We start Irom b and the last letter in the cycle is repeated. iv) A sequence oI letters in series may be Iormed by simply repeating same group oI letters, skipping one letter in turn, in cyclic order.-b-bca-a-ab- a)abbcab)babac(c) accbc (d) abbac II the letters oI group (c) are placed in the blanks respectively we get ,-.-.,.,-,-.In cyclic order Irom , we have ,-., Irom - we get -., and Irom ., .,-. v) A series oI letters may be Iormed on the basis oI some rhythm. Example a-ba-b-b-a-b a) aabba b) abaabc) abbabd) bbabbII we put the letters oI group (d) in the blanks, we get the series : ,--,--,--,--which produces a sort oI rhythm. ETTER-NUMBERCOMBINED SERIES 1.C/2F/3 I/5 L/8 O/13 ?? 2.C3 F6 I9 L12 ? 3.D 5 F7 ? Ans:1) Letter Series :C(DE) F(GH) I(JK) L(MN) O (PQ) R Number Series :(23)5,(35)8, ,(58)13 and (813)21 ThereIore R/21 is the answer. 2) Letter Series :C(DE) F(GH) I(JK) L(MN) ONumber Series :3(3)6(3)9(3)12(3)15 ThereIore O15 is the answer. 3) Letter Series :D(E) F(G)H Number Series :5(6) 7(8) 9 .H is the answer .VERBA CASSIFICATION(FIAD 1HE ODD OAE) etter form relationship (1) (a) T (b) H (c)K(d)E (e) S (2)(a)p (b)q(c)g (d)j(e)h (3)(a) Z (b)N(c)H(d)F (e)M (4)(a)C (b)G (c)Q(d)V(e)S (5) (a)F (b)A (c)N(d)Z (e)X Ans) 1(e)2(e) 3(e)4(d) 5(e) Explanation: (1) All letters are Iormed by straight lines except S which is a curved letter. (2) All letters are having a tail downward. In letter 'h the tail is upward. (3) All letters are made up oI 3 lines. Letter 'M is made up oI 4 lines. (4) All are curved letters, except 'V which is Iormed by straight lines. (5) All letters are made up oI 3 lines. Letter 'X is made up oI 2 lines.