COE 108- C Programming

Course Outline

Lecture#1

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Description

• The objective of this course is to understand the conceptsof structural programming design.

• Firstly, basic program codes will be copied and examinedas an introduction.

• Then, basic data structures will be introduced.

• The most important part of the course is to understandthe structure of any given problem and design analgorithm to implement the solution.

• C programming language will be used to implement anycode in structural design.

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Textbooks

• "C How to Program", 7th edition, by Deitel & Deitel(published by Pearson Education).

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Outline

• Lecture#1: Course Introduction

• Lecture#2: Introduction to C Programming

• Lecture#3: Data Types and Memory Concepts

• Lecture#4: Arithmetic Operators and Decision Making

• Lecture#5: Structured Program Development in C

• Lecture#6: Structured Program Development in C Part#2

• MidtermExam

• Lecture#7: C Program Control Part I

• Lecture#8: C Program Control Part II

• Quiz#1

• Lecture#9: C Functions

• Lecture#10: Arrays

• Lecture#11: Arrays Part II

• Project Control

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Grading Criteria

• Quizzes (1) 10%

• Project Assignment (1) 10%

• Midterm Exam 30%

• Final Exam 50%

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Course Homepage

• http://aytugonan.cbu.edu.tr/COE108_index.html

Definition of Algorithms

• Algorithms are “methods for solving problems which aresuited for computed implementation.” [Sedgewick]

• An algorithm is “a finite sequence of instructions, each ofwhich has a clear meaning and can be performed with a finiteamount of effort in a finite length of time.” [Aho, Hopcroft, &Ulman]

• “Algorithmics [defined as the study of algorithms -- A.L.] ismore than a branch of computer science. It is the core ofcomputer science, and, in all fairness, can be said to berelevant to most of science, business, and technology.”[David Harel, “Algorithmics: The Spirit of Computing”]

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What is an Algorithm ?

An algorithm is a finite, clearly specified sequence ofinstructions to be followed to solve a problem or compute afunction

An algorithm generally• takes some input• carries out a number of effective instructions in a finite

amount of time• produces some output.

An effective instruction is an operation so basic that it ispossible to carry it out using pen and paper.

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Properties of an Algorithm

• CorrectnessAlgorithm gives the right answer

• for all possible cases

• FinitenessAlgorithm stops in reasonable time

• produces an output

• EffectivenessInstructions are simple

• can be carried out by pen and paper

• DefinitenessInstructions are clear

• meaning is unique

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Notion of an Algorithm

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problem

algorithm

computerinput output

Algorithm Design

Programming the Algorithm

Expressing Algorithms

Algorithms can be expressed in • natural languages

-verbose and ambiguous-rarely used for complex or technical algorithms

• pseudocode, flowcharts-structured ways to express algorithms-avoid ambiguities in natural language statements-independent of a particular implementation language

• programming languages -intended for expressing algorithms in a form that can be executed by a computer-can be used to document algorithms

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Example:Problem : Convert temperature Fahrenheit to Celsius Inputs to the algorithm:

Temperature in FahrenheitExpected output:

Temperature in Celsius

Natural Language:

Step1: StartStep 2: Read Temperature in FahrenheitStep 3: Calculate the result of conversion using the formula

C= 5/9*(F-32)Step 4: Print Temperature in Celsius: CStep5: End

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Example:

Pseudocode:

Algorithm Convert_Fahrenheit_to_Celsius (F)

Input: Temperature value in Fahrenheit :F

Output: The value of temperature in Celsius : C

C ← 5/9*(F-32)return C

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Common Flowchart Symbols

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Example:

Problem: Convert temperature Fahrenheit to Celsius

START

READ F

C = 5/9 * (F - 32)

PRINT C

END

C Programming

• C is a general-purpose, procedural computerprogramming language developed in 1972 by DennisM. Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories todevelop the UNIX operating system.

• C is the most widely used computer language.

• The main features of C language include simple set ofkeywords and clean style.

• Many later languages have borrowed syntax/featuresdirectly or indirectly from C language.