COLD WAR ORIGINSCOLD WAR ORIGINS

Chapter 25, Section 5Chapter 25, Section 5

Chapter 26, Section 1Chapter 26, Section 1

The Big Three at Tehran,1943The Big Three at Tehran,1943Stalin, FDR, ChurchillStalin, FDR, Churchill

THE YALTA CONFERENCETHE YALTA CONFERENCE When?When?

• February, 1945February, 1945 Who?Who?

• FDR, Winston Churchill, Josef StalinFDR, Winston Churchill, Josef Stalin Where?Where?

• Yalta, Russia (USSR)Yalta, Russia (USSR) Issue? How will the post-war world be organized?Issue? How will the post-war world be organized? AgreementsAgreements::

• 1. Stalin agrees to enter Pacific War against1. Stalin agrees to enter Pacific War against Japan if…Japan if…

USSR is given Japanese Islands of KURIL and SAKHALINUSSR is given Japanese Islands of KURIL and SAKHALIN• 2. Stalin agrees to allowing free, post-war2. Stalin agrees to allowing free, post-war elections in Eastern European and other elections in Eastern European and other communist-occupied nationscommunist-occupied nations• 3. All 3 agree to creation of an international 3. All 3 agree to creation of an international peace-keeping organization = THE U.N.peace-keeping organization = THE U.N.

SO WHAT?SO WHAT?

The Big Three at Yalta, February, 1945The Big Three at Yalta, February, 1945

OCCUPATION OF GERMANYOCCUPATION OF GERMANY What are occupying nations?What are occupying nations?

• United StatesUnited States• Soviet UnionSoviet Union• Great BritainGreat Britain• FranceFrance

Question: Why France?Question: Why France? Zones of Occupation (See p. 772)Zones of Occupation (See p. 772)

• U.S.: S. Germany, Berlin SectorU.S.: S. Germany, Berlin Sector• USSR: E. Germany, Berlin SectorUSSR: E. Germany, Berlin Sector• Brits: NW. Germany, Berlin SectorBrits: NW. Germany, Berlin Sector• France: W. Germany, Berlin SectorFrance: W. Germany, Berlin Sector

So What?So What?• Germany is divided between Western & Eastern alliesGermany is divided between Western & Eastern allies• Effects? Effects?

POST-WAR POST-WAR

GERMANYGERMANY

ZONES OFZONES OF

OCCUPATIONOCCUPATION

OCCUPIEDOCCUPIED GERMANY,GERMANY,

19451945 (Berlin Also)(Berlin Also)

KEYKEYOr.: USAOr.: USAGreen: U.K.Green: U.K.Red: USSRRed: USSRBlue: FranceBlue: France

THE NUREMBURG TRIALSTHE NUREMBURG TRIALS When?When?

• 1945 -19461945 -1946 Where?Where?

• Nuremburg, Germany (US Zone)Nuremburg, Germany (US Zone) Who?Who?

• Prosecution: AlliesProsecution: Allies• Defendants: Former Nazi leadersDefendants: Former Nazi leaders• Examples: Examples: Hermann GoeringHermann Goering, Joachim Von Ribbentropp, Joachim Von Ribbentropp

Why? Nazi aggression, widespread Nazi violence/atrocitiesWhy? Nazi aggression, widespread Nazi violence/atrocities Charges? 3 Basic CategoriesCharges? 3 Basic Categories

• A. A. Crimes Against the PeaceCrimes Against the Peace Planning and waging a war of aggressionPlanning and waging a war of aggression

• B. B. War CrimesWar Crimes Acts against the customs of warfare such as killing prisoners and Acts against the customs of warfare such as killing prisoners and

hostages, plundering or destruction of private property, cities, hostages, plundering or destruction of private property, cities, towns, etc.towns, etc.

• C. C. Crimes Against HumanityCrimes Against Humanity Murder, extermination, deportation or enslavement of civiliansMurder, extermination, deportation or enslavement of civilians

Can you give examples of each type of crime?Can you give examples of each type of crime?

Nazi Defendants, NurembergNazi Defendants, Nuremberg

OCCUPATION OF JAPANOCCUPATION OF JAPAN What nation?What nation?

• U.S.A.U.S.A.• Why only the U.S. (unlike Germany)?Why only the U.S. (unlike Germany)?

U.S. Occupation:U.S. Occupation:• Run by Gen. Douglas MacArthurRun by Gen. Douglas MacArthur• Why MacArthur?Why MacArthur?

Why? / Purpose of Occupation?Why? / Purpose of Occupation?• To reform Japanese governmentTo reform Japanese government• Rebuild Japanese economyRebuild Japanese economy• Conduct War crimes investigations / trialsConduct War crimes investigations / trials• Create Asian ally (and other allies)Create Asian ally (and other allies)• Prevent Russian expansion in Western PacificPrevent Russian expansion in Western Pacific

War Crimes DiscussionWar Crimes Discussion Question:Question:

• What, exactly, is a “War Crime”?What, exactly, is a “War Crime”?• How do you differentiate between what is a “War How do you differentiate between what is a “War

Crime” and what acceptable conduct in a war? Crime” and what acceptable conduct in a war? • Is it legitimate/reasonable to hold people Is it legitimate/reasonable to hold people

accountable for crimes committed during accountable for crimes committed during wartime?wartime?

• Why?Why?• Why Not?Why Not?

Can you give examples of recent/current “War Can you give examples of recent/current “War Crimes”?Crimes”?

WWIIWWII

DEATHS BYDEATHS BY

BELLIGERENTBELLIGERENT

STATUSSTATUS