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Chapter 26 Section 1 Origins of the Cold War. Objectives. We will discuss the events that began the Cold War. United Nations Satellite Nation Containment Iron Curtain Cold War Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan. Berlin Airlift North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Terms & Names. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Terms & Names
• United Nations• Satellite Nation• Containment• Iron Curtain • Cold War• Truman Doctrine• Marshall Plan
• Berlin Airlift• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
The United Nations
• An organization designed to promote peace among nations.
• April 25, 1945 San Francisco• June 26, 1945
Bargaining at Potsdam
• USSR wanted Germany to pay for war damages.
• How would Truman feel about this?• Communism vs. Capitalism
What USSR Wanted
• Encourage communism in Europe• Rebuild with Eastern Europe resources• Control Eastern Europe• Keep Germany divided
What United States Wanted
• Create a New World Order.• Gain access to raw materials and markets• Rebuild Europe to ensure stability• Reunite Germany and make it productive
The Start of the Cold War
• 1945-1991• Greece and Turkey• England assisted to stop communism• Truman Doctrine• US would support free people who are
resisting outside pressures• $400,000,000
The Marshall Plan
• How was Europe after WWII?• 1947 Secretary of State George Marshall• 16 countries• $13,000,000,000 in aid.
Clash of the Titans
• USSR did not have to grant access to Berlin.• June 1948 all roads and rails were closed.• Only five weeks of food and fuel.• What can be done?
Berlin Airlift
• 327 Days• 24 hours a day• 277,000 flights• Food, fuel, medicine, gifts• By May 1949 USSR gives up.
Objectives
• We will discuss how the Cold War was a battle beyond just USA vs USSR.
• We will learn how communism spread to other places.
China Becomes Communist
• Chiang Kai-Shek – Nationalist Leader
• U.S. sent $3,000,000,000 in aid.
• Helped his allies.
China Becomes Communist• China had a rice famine in 1944.• What should Kai-shek do?• Taxes• 10,000% increase in price.
A Renewed Civil War• Japan loses WWII• Nationalists vs. Communists• U.S. tried to broker peace and help the
Nationalists.• In 1949 the nationalists fled to Taiwan.• Peoples Republic of China
United States Reaction• Containment failed• Truman was attacked by Republicans and
Democrats.• Some blamed hidden communists
The Korean War• Japan invaded Korea during WWII.• After the war all land above the 38th Parallel
was surrendered to the Soviets.• Korea became split.
North Attacks South
• June 25, 1950• North Korea invaded South Korea.• South Korea called the United Nations for
help.• USSR did not attend the meeting.• How would the U.S. react?
United States Reaction
• June 27 Truman ordered troops in Japan to help.
• 520,000 soldiers• UN and US• Douglas MacArthur
Chinese Fight Back• China assists the North Koreans • Allowed the South fight back to the border.• November 1950, 300,000 Chinese soldiers
line up at the Yalu River• “We face an entirely new war”
MacArthur’s Solution
• Attack China• Use nuclear weapons• What would Truman say?• Sent more troops to South Korea instead.
MacArthur vs. Truman
• MacArthur wanted to still attack China.• Spoke to newspapers about his plan.• Wrote to Republican leaders.• April 1, 1951 he was fired by Truman.
The End
• After the firing USSR suggested a cease-fire.• June 23, 1951• 54,000 US deaths• $67,000,000,000• 1952 election was coming up.
Vocabulary
• HUAC• Hollywood Ten• Blacklist• Alger Hiss• Ethel and Julius Rosenberg• Joseph McCarthy• McCarthyism
How to Stop Communism Spreading
• Republicans wanted Truman to be hard on communism in the US.
• What should he do?• Federal Employee Loyalty Program• Loyalty Review Board
Loyalty Review Board
• 91 “Subversive” Organizations• Investigated 3,200,000 employees• Dismissed 212• 2,900 resignations
HUAC
• House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)• Investigated Hollywood.• Pro-Soviet movies• Hollywood Ten “unfriendly” witnesses• Sent to prison• Blacklist• 500 actors and writers
McCarran Act
• 1950 – Unlawful to plan any action that might lead to a totalitarian dictatorship.
• Truman vetoed• Congress overruled
Witch hunts
• Senator Joseph McCarthy• What is a politicians biggest goal?• 1950• McCarthyism• A list of names.
McCarthy’s Downfall
• 1954 McCarthy makes accusations against the US Army.
• Senate investigation• Bullying
Objectives
• We will discuss how life was like in the United States during the Cold War.
• Along with that we will cover how the world reacted to the Cold War
Vocabulary• H-Bomb• Dwight D. Eisenhower• John Foster Dulles• Brinksmanship• CIA• Warsaw Pact• Eisenhower Doctrine• Nikita Kruschev• Francis Gary Powers• U-2 Incident
Brinksmanship• Secretary of State John Foster Dulles• Anti-Communist• Brinkmanship • Build up the army to the edge of war.
The Cold War Spreads
• Eisenhower starts a new agency.• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)• Gather information and conduct covert
operations.
Remember NATO?• How would the USSR feel about it?• 1955• Warsaw Pact• Seven Eastern European nations united to
protect each other.
Flying the Friendly Skies• Geneva convention of 1955• Eisenhower proposed “open skies”• We can fly over USSR and USSR can fly over
the US.
The Suez War 1956
• Building the Aswam High Dam• Egypt tried getting money• US stopped funding• Suez Canal was closed• UN Became involved