Collider-Accelerator Department (C-AD) NASA Space

NSRL User Training 1 March 2022

Collider-Accelerator Department (C-AD)

NASA Space Radiation Lab (NSRL)

NSRL User Training

Radiation Safety Conventional Safety

Access Control

INFORMATION GUIDE


Radiobiology and Physics experiments are carried out at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) NASA Space Radiation Lab (NSRL), Building 958. This NSRL User Training, as well as BNL’s Radiological Worker-1 Training, are the minimum training requirements for unescorted access to the NSRL target room. This NSRL User Training is also typically required for unescorted access into Building 958 even if you are not entering the target room. If you are untrained and need to enter Building 958 but not the target room, escorted entry may be arranged in some cases. This course covers:

- Physical design features and administrative controls that are used to prevent accidental radiation exposure in experimental areas

- Conventional safety issues

- Certain learning objectives from BNL's Benchtop Dispersibles Training. This is because

some NSRL Users work with dispersible radioactive material (radioactive liquid cell media for example). For this, you would also be required to complete a follow-up training demonstration. This qualification is only valid for limited dispersibles work within designated areas at NSRL Bldg. 958 and at Medical Bldg. 490, and not for other BNL locations.


Primary Areas A Primary Area is an area where beam travels. The NSRL target room is an example of a Primary Area. Primary Areas are to be considered lethal with beam on. Entry with beam on is not permitted. With beam off, it is required that you have facility-specific knowledge for entry. Primary Areas are fully surrounded by radiation shielding. The areas have interlocked access gates (or doors) to prevent unauthorized entry, and to prevent entry with beam on. The gate is interlocked with the beam such that if the gate is open beam is prevented from entering the area. Question: If a Primary Area is entered improperly (for example, by circumventing the interlocked access gate entry procedure), could you receive a lethal dose of radiation from exposure to the beam? Answer: Yes. Primary Areas, including the NSRL target room, are to be considered lethal with beam on.

Minimum training required for unescorted access into the target room at NSRL

BNL Radiological Worker-1 (RW-1) training and this NSRL User Training are the minimum training requirements for unescorted access into the target room at NSRL. RW-1 and this NSRL User Training both have a required re-train period of two years.


Additional Training In addition to RW-1 and NSRL User Training, other training may be required for you depending on your work activities. Examples of additional training include:

Web-based: Lab Standard Hazardous Waste Generator Regulated Medical Waste Generator Bloodborne Pathogens Awareness Cryogen Safety Lab Animal Training Controlled Substance

Classroom or demonstration: Benchtop Dispersibles training

(Note: You are required to sign onto a Radiological Work Permit (RWP) to work with dispersible radioactive material.

During the process of submitting your experiment proposal to BNL and scheduling your beam time you or your team’s Principal Investigator (PI) would be informed of the additional training required for you. All Users are also required to complete these web-based courses: - Guest Site Orientation (TQ-GSO): required for general access to the BNL site. - Cyber security (GE-CYBERSEC): required for general to access the BNL computer network. - COVID-19 Staff Return to Work (TQ-COVID); currently required for general access to the BNL site. BNL web-based courses are available here: https://www.bnl.gov/training/courses/web/. You must be registered through the BNL Guest Information System and have received a valid BNL ID number to take web-based courses.

Work Plan Document

Prior to start of your work, all Users are required to read a Work Plan document written for your experimental run period, and to sign the signature sheet provided. A copy is located at NSRL Bldg. 958 in a 3-ring binder.

Tandem Van de Graff Facility

Some NSRL Users also carry out NASA experiments at C-AD’s Tandem Van de Graff facility, Bldg. 901. At the Tandem facility, you will be asked to read & sign a separate Work Plan document and attend an area-specific walkthrough for use of that facility.


Basic Layout of the C-AD Complex

NSRL Building 958

West Fifth Avenue


Research Support Services A C-AD Liaison Physicist is assigned to your experiment. The Liaison Physicist is your primary contact for safety-related issues and information specific to your experiment. Your Liaison Physicist provides expert assistance in beam tuning during the first stage of a beam turn-on. The Experiment Spokesperson for NSRL is the person who will act on behalf of all the collaborators on the experiment.

Contacts

C-AD Liaison Physicist(s) Michael Sivertz 6102 Adam Rusek 5830

Trevor Olsen 6207 C-AD Liaison Engineer Charlie Pearson 7641 Experiment Spokesperson Peter Guida 2913 Bldg. Manager for Bldg 958 7641 C-AD Associate Chair for Safety 5636 C-AD ESSHQ Division Head 5636 C-AD ESH Representative 5636 C-AD Laser Coordinator 5636 C-AD Department Chair 5452 C-AD Environmental Coordinator 8802 ESD Environmental Compliance Representative 2905 Health Physics Office at C-AD 4660 C-AD Main Control Room 4662 C-AD Operations Coordinator 4662 C-AD Rad Sealed Source Custodian 5636 C-AD Training Manager 7343 C-AD Training Office 7007 BNL Security 2238


Fire or Other Emergency

To call BNL Fire/Rescue Group and BNL Police Group:

2222 or 911 from an on-site BNL phone, OR (631) 344-2222 from a cell phone

From a BNL on-site telephone, 2222 or 911 is the same. Either will call the on-site BNL Fire/Rescue Group and the on-site BNL Police Group at the same time.

If you suspect a fire, pull a fire alarm pull-box if one is in the area and evacuate the area. There is a pull-box in NSRL Support Bldg 958. Warn others in the area. Call x2222 or 911 and explain the emergency to the Fire/Rescue Group as best you can.

For a medical emergency such as an illness or injury, pull a fire alarm pull-box if one is in the area … even though it is not for a fire. Also call x2222 or 911 and explain the emergency to the Fire/Rescue Group as best you can. This makes them aware it is a medical issue and not a fire, and helps assure they send the ambulance and Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs).

A fire alarm pull-box is located near the entrance to the NSRL target room:

Unless an injury is very minor: Never transport the injured person to the BNL on-site Clinic yourself. Wait for Fire/Rescue Group personnel to arrive with the EMT and ambulance. Question: You need immediate help in an emergency such as an illness or injury. What do you do? Answer: Pull a fire alarm box if one is in the area and call x2222 or x911. Question: There is a fire in your area; What do you do? Answer: Pull a fire alarm pull-box if one is in the area and evacuate the area. Warn others in the area. Call x2222 or 911 and help explain the emergency to the Fire/Rescue Group as best you can.

Important: If you call 911 from your cell phone you will not get the onsite Fire/Rescue Group or onsite Police Group. You will get the offsite county police, which may result in a longer response time to the emergency location.


General Hazards Fully enclosed shoe and long pants are required for entry into Bldg. 958.

In addition to ionizing radiation, your NSRL target room and other areas associated with Bldg. 958 may contain hazards posed by: remotely operated equipment overhead cranes or hoists (1,000 lb overhead crane in NSRL target room) radioactive contamination CO2 (used in Bldg. 958 cell rooms) chemicals slips, trips, falls heavy objects mechanical equipment working at heights magnetic fields hot and cold surfaces high-voltage and high-current electrical systems

Guest, User, Visitor (GUV) Center All Users are required to check in and out at the BNL GUV Center. The GUV Center is located in building 400; [email protected], telephone 631-344-3333. The GUV Center is a central contact point for services for all guest, users, and visitors and is staffed with employees who know BNL and can assist you in answering questions you may have. During the check-in process you will be familiarized with BNL’s commitments and obligations to its visiting population as well as BNL’s expectations and requirements for individuals visiting BNL. Before leaving BNL, return any personal radiation monitoring devices (e.g. TLD: thermo-luminescent dosimeter) and access keys that may have been issued to you. You may leave your TLD on the TLD board at NSRL Bldg. 958 (preferred), return it to the GUV Center or to the C-AD training office in Bldg. 911.

BNL Computers Anyone who is given access to the BNL network and its computing resources must complete a BNL training course titled "Cyber Security". This is web-based and may be completed at the BNL GUV Center. It is generally asked that all NSRL Users complete this training.


C-AD Conduct of Operations The Collider-Accelerator Department is managed and operated under a Conduct of Operations program which requires that we follow certain Department of Energy (DOE) Orders and guidelines in the operation of our accelerator facilities. You are required to be aware of basic principles of the Conduct of Operations program. To summarize: - we use written procedures for most operations - we use trained & qualified personnel - we require appropriate authorizations and work permits before beginning work or operations - we must have definitive lines of authority at C-AD* * Responsibility for the safe and reliable operation of the C-AD complex resides with the on-duty Operations Coordinator (OC). This individual is located in the C-AD Main Control Room (MCR) in Bldg 911. The OC is the focal point for all questions or issues related to accelerator operations. The OC can be reached at telephone extension 4662. The OC can make necessary notifications and arrange for assistance when needed. (Note: Your local NSRL primary contact for issues related to your experiment is your Liaison Physicist).


Particle Accelerator Safety System (PASS)

NSRL Target Room Entry & Exit Procedure

The Particle Accelerator Safety System (PASS) is a major design feature used to protect personnel from exposure to radiation. The system includes interlocked gates (or doors) designed to control access to Primary Areas such as your target room at NSRL. The system is designed to prevent access when is beam is on, or enabled. Another function of PASS is that it detects radiation levels outside Primary/shielded Areas using area radiation monitors called “chipmunks”. Question: What is the main purpose of the PASS interlocked gates (or doors) to Primary Areas throughout the C-AD complex? Answer: To protect people from radiation hazards. The following discusses entry & exit from the Bldg 958 NSRL target room. Your Liaison Physicist will typically do a short training demonstration with you the first time you access the target room. (Note: You will receive a separate area-specific training walkthrough at C-AD’s Tandem Van de Graff facility if you will be working there).


Access Control Modes

The PASS doors to the NSRL target room can be in one of three basic access control modes. The top three lights on the control panel indicate the mode: PROHIBITED Access Mode – Red light CONTROLLED Access Mode – Yellow light RESTRICTED Access Mode – Green light Reminder: The two minimum training requirements for entry when access is permitted are: - NSRL User Training, and - BNL’s Radiological Worker-1 (RW-1) Training

Entry procedure Restricted Access Mode – Green light. This is the least restrictive of the three modes. Beam is off and is not enabled. If your training is current and you’ve been issued an NSRL plastic orange access card-key, you may enter and exit the target room essentially at will. Each person entering must have their own card-key (and TLD). More than one person entering under one key is considered a violation of procedure and is subject to disciplinary action, unless formal escort procedures are followed.

Red

Yellow

Green

Control Panel


To Enter: Place your plastic orange access card-key on the card reader. A small green light on the card reader will come on, and the door will open automatically, and towards you. Enter the labyrinth to the target room. The door will close automatically behind you. If more than one person is entering: While the door is still open, more than one person may enter through the open door, however each person must still place their card-key on the card reader and see that the small green light comes on. To Exit: Simply approach the doors from the inside. You will be detected by a sensor and the door will open, again automatically. Exit the area, and the door will close behind you automatically. You are not being monitored (accounted-for) going in or out of the target room during this least restrictive mode. Unless there is an emergency, do not manually open the doors. For safety, in an emergency, the doors may always be manually pushed open from the inside.


Controlled Access Mode – Yellow light. In this mode personnel are monitored (accounted-for) going in and going out of the NSRL target room. The entry/exit procedure uses Iris Recognition*, a Key-Tree, RFID system and Optical Turnstiles to track people going in and out of the target room. * In order to obtain a key from the key tree, new Users must first have their irises enrolled. For iris enrollment, contact the C-AD Training Office at x7007, Bldg 911 Room A128. To Enter (Note: Your orange plastic card-key will not work in this mode) 1) From a distance of about 10 inches look into the iris scanner and center the bridge of your nose with the lighted dot seen in the mirror. Once you are recognized, the dot will turn green and the iris scanner’s automated voice will tell you that you have been successfully recognized. 2) Once successfully recognized, pull a key from the key tree. Turn the key 180 degrees counterclockwise and pull it out from its slot. Note: Upon the first person removing the first key from the key tree, the access door (typically the left door) will open, automatically towards you.

Mode Change Button

Key Tree

Card Reader

Iris Scanner

Control Panel


Note: Each trained person entering must pull their own key. Note: Each key has an RFID tag attached. Each tag has a unique ID based on its slot position in the key tree. Each key is labeled with the number of its corresponding key slot. 4) With the key-tree key & RFID tag, proceed through the open door, through the optical turnstiles (two in tandem) and into the labyrinth to the target room. Important: Each person entering must perform their own iris scan and enter with their own key-tree key & RFID tag. Having the key with you while in the target room (a Primary Area) is important for your safety. Beam cannot be sent into the target room unless all keys are properly returned to the key tree. Note: Only one person may walk through the turnstiles at a time. Before you proceed, wait for the person before you to clear the turnstiles, and observe that the lighted sign mounted on the right-side door displays green, indicating that access is permitted. Two or more people walking through the optical turnstiles together will be sensed and this will “crash” the system and may cause some program delay. If the lighted sign displays yellow, this means the Sweep* is lost; contact the Liaison Physicist in this case. Note: During Controlled Access Mode, the access door will remain open while access is permitted. The turnstile and RFID systems will track all going in and out. Even though the door may be open, please do not mistakenly enter unless you have properly pulled your own key/RFID tag from the key tree and have it on your person. Entering without a key/RFID tag will “crash” the system (the Sweep will be lost) and may cause some program delay. To Exit:

1) Before exiting through the optical turnstiles, wait for the person before you to clear the turnstiles. Observe that the lighted sign to your left displays green, indicating that you may proceed. Two or more people walking through the optical turnstiles together will be sensed and this will “crash” the system and may cause some program delay.

2) Then simply walk out through the optical turnstiles and out through the open door. The door will have remained open during the access. IMPORTANT: In an emergency, and if the door has closed for some reason, simply open the door manually by pushing on the crash bar on the inside of the door and exit. * A “Sweep” is an essential action taken by C-AD staff to assure Primary Areas are cleared of personnel. Trained staff physically walk-down the Primary Areas where beam will be set to travel and assure no one remains in the areas. After the Sweep is completed the Primary Area


gates are set to Controlled or Prohibited Access Mode. From that point on, entries are only allowed in Controlled Access Mode, whereby it is assured that each person who enters also exits the Primary Area. If the integrity of the Sweep is lost, we must re-sweep. 3) Proceed back to the iris scanner for iris system logout and key replacement. Same as when you pulled the key: From a distance of about 10 inches look into the iris scanner and center the bridge of your nose with the lighted dot seen in the mirror. Once you are recognized, the dot will turn green and the iris scanner’s automated voice will tell you that you have been successfully recognized. Upon recognition put the key back in the slot of origin within 4 seconds and turn it 180 degrees clockwise. The keys as well as the slots are numbered. Fyi: A camera is continuously recording the target room entrance and exit areas during Controlled Access Mode. (No audio). The video is not being continuously monitored. The recording could be reviewed later to help understand any mishaps that might occur. Prohibited Access Mode –red light. Access is prohibited while PASS is in this access mode. During this mode, it is assumed that beam is ON, or beam is enabled. Neither your orange access card-key nor your iris scan will work in this mode. ACCESS IS PROHIBITED.


Beam Imminent Signal! The lights dimming or going off in the NSRL target room is the signal that Beam is Imminent! An audible announcement will also accompany this signal. If procedures are properly followed, there should not be a case when you are inside the Primary Area (NSRL target room) when beam is imminent. If you are inside however, and the lights are dimmed or go off, then do not assume it is a power failure. Assume it is the signal that beam is imminent. Your Actions: Push a CRASH BUTTON and immediately exit the target room, or immediately exit the target room without pushing a crash button. CRASH BUTTON

If you are already on your way out of the target room, it is not necessary for you to push a crash button. One can always “crash” out of the target room by pushing open the PASS access door (if it has closed) from the inside using the door’s crash bar. DO NOT PANIC, you have time; 30 seconds minimum. After pushing a crash button or crash bar and exiting the area, call the MCR (x4662) and notify them of the location. Question: If the lights go out or are dimmed in a primary area, should it be assumed that loss of electrical power has occurred? Answer: No. It should be assumed that the lights have gone out or were dimmed in order to signal that lethal hazards are imminent; that beam is imminent.


Radioactive Material Area

“ ACTIVATION CHECK ” Required During NSRL run periods, the target room is typically posted as:

“Activation Check” required means you must not remove items from the area without having them checked for activation (radioactivity). All items within the target room are to be considered activated until checked otherwise. This means your samples, for example, must be checked after irradiation upon taking them out of the target room. A C-AD Radiological Control Technician (RCT) is stationed at NSRL Building 958 during run periods and will perform this check for you. Users are not qualified or authorized to perform these activation checks. Radioactive material must be properly checked (surveyed) and tagged, as required, by a RCT. Only you can prevent unchecked and untagged radioactive material from leaving the Primary Area. Keep in mind many small activated parts may be inside Primary Areas and they will not bear any labels, even though the original assembled item may have a label. Unless you follow the rules, unlabeled activated materials could find their way into offices, common experimental areas or waste streams.

‐ RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL AREA ‐ CONTROLLED AREA ‐ TLD REQUIRED ‐ ACTIVATION CHECK REQUIRED


Important note: The intent here is that any item that is possibly activated must be checked. Generally, no item may be released from areas posted "Activation Check" without a Radiological Control Technician (RCT) first checking the item for radioactivity. However, non-activated items that you bring into the area may be removed without an activation check if you know that the item could not have been exposed to beam or have become activated in any other way. If you did not bring the item into the area, however, and you want to bring it out, then you must have it checked for activation. If ever in doubt, have the material checked. Targets, target holders, specimen holders, or any other objects or materials that are exposed to primary beam may become radioactive and may have to be handled with special care in order to avoid excessive and unnecessary exposure. Question: What does the posting "activation check” mean? Answer: You must have a Radiological Control Technician (RCT) check each item being removed from the area for "activation."

Radiation Generating Devices If you plan to bring a Radiation Generating Device to a C-AD area, you must contact your C-AD Liaison Physicist beforehand to initiate proper reviews and documentation. RGDs include X-ray devices (analytical and industrial) – e.g. fluoroscopes, neutron generators, and sealed source irradiators. Note: In general, bringing or delivering any material or items to a C-AD facility or area that could introduce any hazard must be pre-reviewed and pre-approved by appropriate C-AD staff.

Transport of Radioactive Materials

Radioactive materials transferred between C-AD / NSRL and another building or location at BNL (for example, to the Medical or Biology Department buildings) must be transported in a government vehicle. Radioactive materials leaving NSRL Building 958 shall be tagged as Radioactive Material (RAM) by a RCT.


Personal Dosimetry

Thermo-Luminescent Dosimeter (TLD)

The TLD monitors your exposure to beta, gamma, and neutron radiation. It offers no protection from radiation. TLDs are exchanged on a monthly basis. The TLD is the basis for the legal record of your occupational dose.

During run periods when access to the target room is permitted during Restricted or Controlled Access Mode, the target room is posted as TLD-required. Each entrant must wear a TLD. You are qualified to be issued a TLD after completing BNL’s RW-1 training. TLDs must be worn on the front of the torso, between the waist and the neck unless directed otherwise by Health Physics personnel. Return your TLD to the designated TLD board at NSRL (or at Medical Building 490) each day when not in use. If leaving BNL you may also return your TLD to the GUV Center or C-AD training office in Bldg 911 (TLD board is preferred).

Work Plan

Screening for Environment, Safety & Health (ES&H) Hazards

Experimental runs* are screened for ES&H hazards. This is based, in part, on the proposals submitted by you or your principal investigator (PI) for your experiment. A Work Plan document is then prepared for the run. Prior to starting your work at NSRL, you must Read & Sign the Work Plan document. A copy is usually located at Building 958 in a 3-ring binder for Users to read, with a signature sheet for you to sign. Additional information about the work plan document may be obtained from your Experiment Spokesperson or C-AD Liaison Physicist. * A “run” in this context refers to a time period and typically consists of several experimental teams. For example: 2018 Fall Run 18C.


Experiment Reviews - All experiments and experimental support equipment must be reviewed by the C-AD Experimental Safety Review Committee (ESRC). It is extremely important that once approved, an experiment may not be changed or added-to without re-review and re-approval. Please consult with your Liaison Physicist, your Experiment Spokesperson or the C-AD ESRC Chairperson if you plan to make any significant change to your original proposal. Please also consult with them if you have questions about this requirement, or if you are not sure if a particular change should be considered significant. Any material placed in or near the primary beam needs to be reviewed by the ESRC and the ALARA Committees for potential gaseous or particulate releases that could contaminate the area, equipment or personnel, and must be reviewed for potential overheating. Unplanned changes or additions may result in last minute delays for review and approval.

Contamination

Dispersible or dispersed radioactive material anywhere may be a contamination concern. The following are examples of what would be a radioactive contamination concern: - Accidental spill of liquid biological target material after irradiation - Small pieces of broken or disintegrated beam line instrumentation or target material - Drilling or grinding of materials in radiological areas Note: Additional training is required to work with contaminated material(s).


Working with Benchtop Dispersibles Some Users will work with dispersible radioactive material. Users who need qualification for this work are those who will work with/manipulate irradiated cells and cell media prior to the material’s radioactivity decaying enough to allow it to be released as non-radioactive.

Additional BNL training is required for this work. As a convenience, satisfactory completion of this NSRL User Training along with successful completion of Course #AD-RWT-NSRL-P (Work with Dispersible Radioactive Materials at NSRL) with the Facility Support (FS) Representative or designee will provide limited qualification to perform dispersibles work at NSRL Bldg 958 and at Medical Bldg 490. As an aid in determining whether or not you fall into this category, the NSRL Work Plan document contains decay tables that estimate how much time you would have to wait for your irradiated sample to be released (per RCT survey) as non-radioactive. The dispersibles work will be conducted in properly posted areas under the control of a Job-Specific Radiological Work Permit (RWP) and Radiological Control Technician (RCT) coverage. The dispersible work is limited only to sample activity associated with beam irradiation. Dispersible work with samples radio-labeled prior to irradiation requires the full BNL training: Benchtop/Dispersibles Course # HP-RWT-500. This C-AD NSRL User Training and Course #AD-RWT-NSRL-P does not qualify you to work with dispersibles at any other facility at BNL (allows work in designated areas at NSRL Bldg 958 and at Medical Bldg 490 only).


Some contamination control work habits:

Use of absorbent materials in hoods when working with liquids Transporting samples in a secondary container that can contain 100% of the liquid

(For example, when transporting from target room to work area) Frequent surveys of work area Establishing a small trash receptacle on the benchtop to minimize the transfer of

contaminated materials across the work space Housekeeping: store excess materials outside of the work area

If you encounter radioactivity on skin or personal clothing > 100 counts per minute (cpm) above background on a GM “Frisker”, stop work, place work in a safe condition, notify others in the area, and notify the Radiological Control Technician (RCT) as soon as possible. The training demonstration with the FS Rep will cover proper frisking.

C-AD Administrative Control Levels (ACLs)

Administrative Control Levels (ACLs) are an integral part of the dose reduction scheme at BNL and the C-A Department. These levels are less than the dose limits set by DOE and Federal Regulations. C-AD ACLs for RW-1 Trained individuals: Period C-AD ACLs (mrem) Calendar Year 1000* Daily 100 NSRL Users have not approach these levels.

* The ALARA Committee Chair notifies the C-A Department Chair if an individual’s exposure is expected to exceed 500 mrem in one year. If the C-A Department Chair concurs, he approves the allowance in writing.


Radiation Surveys and Chipmunks Radiation surveys of experimental areas are conducted by Radiological Control Technicians (RCTs). Surveys are done following a shutdown in some cases, and whenever required by a Radiological Work Permit (RWP). Records of surveys are maintained by the C-AD Health Physics Office. During a running period, continuous area monitoring is performed by instruments called “chipmunks” which alarm in the C-AD Main Control Room if dose rate set points are reached. Some chipmunks will trip beam off if certain set points are reached. Radiation Monitors (chipmunks) Example:

The chipmunk has red, yellow and green indicator lights on top, and an analog display in front. A chipmunk will display a red blinking light for radiation levels greater than 20 mrem/h, and a yellow blinking light for levels approximately 2.5 to 20 mrem/hr. If you see a chipmunk in the red or yellow, take note of the chipmunk location number, notify your collaborators to leave the immediate area, leave the area and call the MCR (x4662) for further instruction.

Animal Stays at NSRL No animals can be removed from the Brookhaven Lab Animal Facility (BLAF) and maintained outside the BLAF (e.g.: at NSRL) for more than 24 hours (12 hours for USDA regulated species). Requests for exceptions to this rule due to extenuating circumstances may be reviewed and approved by the BLAF Manager. (Ref: Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) Dec 9, 2003 meeting minutes).


Laser Safety

Use of Class II and IIIa lasers require a permit. The alignment lasers at the NSRL target room are Class II, for which a permit is in place.

If you have questions regarding lasers, you may contact the C-AD Laser Coordinator. Some general rules and good practices: - Never stare into the laser beam. - Never aim the laser beam at oneself or another person, particularly in the facial area. - When using alignment lasers, minimize non-essential personal in the area. - Turn laser off when not in use. Use of higher class lasers, Classes IIIb and IV, requires additional Laboratory training, baseline eye exam and a written operating procedure.

Handling Lead (Pb) If you need to handle lead, contact your Liaison Physicist, Liaison Engineer or the C-AD ESH Representative. Handling lead may be hazardous. To handle lead, you are required to have additional laboratory training, use personnel protective equipment and follow strict work planning procedures. Lead may be found in brick, sheet, or cast forms, or as wool which is used in lead blankets. In most applications, the bare metal should be covered or painted if practicable. You need to wear safety shoes and gloves when handling lead bricks or sheets of lead. Handling of the bare metal is not permitted (must use gloves) and safety shoes may be required. You are not allowed to shape, drill, or otherwise work with lead in any way that causes it to become dispersible. If you require that lead be shaped or cut, then contact your Liaison Physicist, Liaison Engineer, or the C-AD ESH Representative.


Users of Cell Laboratories

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Use at NSRL Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is used in the cell laboratories at NSRL. Primarily it is used in the operation of the cell incubators. Carbon dioxide gas is colorless and odorless. It will not burn. It can displace oxygen in air; it may accumulate in low areas. Carbon dioxide is a mild central nervous system depressant. CO2 warning system at NSRL:

In the cell labs there are carbon dioxide monitors. These monitors contain a digital display indicating the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. There is also an audible alarm and yellow and red flashing lights when the CO2 levels exceed certain values. Yellow Light: CO2 > 3,000 ppm Red Light: CO2 > 5,000 ppm

If an alarm annunciates, leave cell labs, warn others to leave the cell labs, and proceed to the main entrance area of Building 958. Then contact the Liaison Physicist (LP), or telephone the C-AD Main Control Room (x4662) to have the Liaison Engineer (LE) contacted.

DO NOT enter the alarmed area(s) until you receive instructions from the LE or LP.

Red Yellow Green



Compressed Gas Safety

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is used in the cell laboratories at NSRL. If necessary to handle the CO2 compressed gas cylinders, have BNL personnel handle them for you. This can be arranged through your Liaison Physicist or Liaison Engineer. Additional BNL Training is required to handle compressed gas cylinders. The cylinders are under pressure.

Eye Protection in NSRL Labs Pay attention to postings to the entrances to the cell and animal labs at the NSRL facility. Entrances to the cell labs are typically posted as requiring eye protection when manipulating biological materials or handling chemicals.

Deliveries to You at BNL All deliveries to the BNL site should be made to BNL’s Shipping & Receiving Building 98; for normal business hours. Arrangements may be made in advance with the C-AD Main Control Room for off-hour deliveries. Address the package to Building 98 and include your name & contact information on the package. This is so personnel receiving the package at Building 98 know what to do with the package. Packages arriving without a name may be sent back. Deliveries are not to be made to other buildings in the C-AD complex without pre-review and pre-approval of the C-AD ESSHQ Division Head or designee. Caution: Any deliveries to NSRL Building 958 or any other C-AD facility that could introduce any hazard must be pre-reviewed and pre-approved. Please contact your Liaison Physicist as soon as possible before delivery so that proper reviews and approvals may be completed. Examples of what could introduce a new hazard are lasers, Radiation Generating Devices (examples include analytical or industrial X-ray devices (e.g. fluoroscopes), neutron generators, sealed source irradiators), chemicals .. etc. If you are not sure if what you plan to bring to the facility needs to be pre-reviewed & pre-approved, please discuss it with your Liaison Physicist beforehand.


Shipping Off Site

(Radioactive, Hazardous or Biological Materials)

Individuals transporting biological materials to and from the BNL site must comply with protocols set forth by the BNL Medical and Biology Departments.

Biological On-Site Transport

All on-site transport of biological materials to and from the C-AD experimental facilities must use Laboratory Animal Care Vehicles or Government Vehicles.

Hardhat Policy You are required to wear a hardhat: - At all times at construction sites - When people are working overhead - When overhead cranes are operating above you The NSRL target room has an overhead crane/hoist.

If you are shipping items off site, ask yourself the following questions Is the item radioactive? To check if items are radioactive contact Health Physics x 4660. Radioactive Materials must be shipped through the BNL Nuclear Materials Management (NMM) Group x5233. Does the item contain hazardous material? Contact C-AD Environmental Coordinator x8802. Does the item contain biological material? Contact your Experimental Spokesperson (Peter Guida) If still unsure of how to ship material to or off site …. then contact your Liaison Physicist or seek additional assistance from an appropriate BNL Subject Matter Expert (SME).


Orange Tags Devices sensed by the Particle Accelerator Safety System (PASS) must remain correctly connected. To help ensure personnel do not disconnect or alter these devices without following approved procedure the C-AD Access Controls Group identifies some such devices with an orange warning tag. Do not alter these devices. Contact the Main Control Room if these devices are inhibiting your work.

For example, chipmunks are tagged to indicate they are connected to PASS. They will trip beam off if certain area dose rate set points are reached.


Lock Out / Tag Out (LOTO)

USE FORPERSONNEL

PROTECTION

You may encounter red LOTO locks & tags. LOTO is used at the Laboratory to protect personnel from hazardous energy sources. To prevent accidental radiation exposure (“RS” LOTO is discussed below), electrical shock or other hazards from different sources of energy, the LOTO lock or tag should only be removed by the individual who attached it. Under rare circumstances, when the individual who attached the LOTO is not available, the LOTO can be removed by a committee of three other employees provided a specific C-AD procedure for this is followed. All personnel who work on electrical circuits that are powered through circuit breakers, disconnect switches and/or fuses, must LOTO the circuits. OSHA, NFPA, BNL and C-AD require that all workers performing LOTO be specifically trained and qualified for the task. If you or your co-workers are required to perform LOTO, contact your Liaison Physicist or Experiment Spokesperson. This User training does not allow you to place or remove locks or tags.


Radiation Safety Lock out / Tag Out (RS LOTO)

Liaison Physicists, Liaison Engineers, Access Controls Group staff, Operations Coordinators, members of the Radiation Safety Committee, and certain other personnel perform RS LOTO. They must follow a specific procedure in order to lock out and tag out equipment or beam lines for radiation protection. Equipment or beam lines are generally locked out during barrier modifications or barrier removals, or whenever PASS alone does not provide the required protection. Do not alter or otherwise tamper with equipment that bears the RS LOTO tag. This User training does not allow you to place or remove locks or tags.

Chemical Safety

For your safety, purchased chemicals are inventoried by the Laboratory prior to delivery for end use. If you plan to bring chemicals to BNL, please consult with your Experiment Spokesperson beforehand to assure you follow proper BNL delivery and inventory requirements. All chemicals, including anesthetics, to be used in your experiments must be clearly indicated in your experimental proposals. If you bring un-inventoried or un-approved chemicals on site, contact your Liaison Physicist to have these chemicals inventoried and bar coded prior to use. The use and inventory of Controlled Substances at the laboratory is strictly regulated. Contact your Experiment Spokesperson to ascertain the required documents and procedures prior to using and bringing any controlled substance onto the Laboratory site.


Information on Hazards

Your Right to Know

You have the right to know of any potential health and safety hazards in your workplace whenever the potential for exposure to such hazards exists. If you would like specific safety and health information about your workplace, you may contact the C-AD ESH Representative. The ESH Representative can provide you with information on the Laboratory’s policy on hazardous material, and on how to obtain Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and how to interpret them. SDSs may also be obtained from the BNL Chemical Management System web site (http://intranet.bnl.gov/esh/cms/). Examples of information that may be found on an SDS are: name of the chemical, manufacturer, hazardous ingredients, physical characteristics, fire and explosion hazard data, reactivity data, health hazard data, precautions for safe handling and safety control measures. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) diamonds appear on various containers or structures that contain hazardous materials:

The ESH Representative or C-AD Safety Engineering can explain the labeling system and can provide information on how to select and use protective equipment.


Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Department safety policy states that each workplace be created and maintained in a manner that minimizes safety and health problems. For some jobs, completely eliminating the hazard is not always practical. Therefore, in some cases protective clothing and protective equipment is required for safety. Plan your work in advance. Consider whether PPE may be needed. For approvals and review of the use of PPE contact the C-AD ESH Representative.

Waste Disposal

Improper disposal of radioactive or hazardous waste may result in fines, criminal prosecution, and facility shutdown. Each person is responsible to ensure that they handle, accumulate or dispose of waste using adequate controls and documentation. Your Liaison Physicist can explain these controls, or you may contact the C-AD Environmental Coordinator or the ESD Environmental Compliance Representative for details. Medical or biological waste is the responsibility of the Experimenter/User to have it brought back to the BNL Medical or Biology Department. Discuss this with your Principal Investigator or your Liaison Physicist if you have questions.


Spills The C-A Department is required to report spills internally, externally (to external organizations such as NY State agencies, DOE) or BOTH. C-AD must report quickly to external agencies on spills that impact the environment. Even minor events such as spilling any amount of oil in an outdoor area to soil or a waterway require reporting. If you spill any hazardous or industrial material outdoors to soil or a waterway, or anywhere inside and the spill is beyond your control, call x2222 or 911 from an onsite BNL phone OR (631) 344-2222 from a cell phone to report the spill. From an onsite BNL phone, 2222 or 911 is the same. Either will call the BNL onsite Fire/Rescue Group and the onsite BNL Police Group at the same time. Then call the C-AD Main Control Room, the C-AD ESSHQ Division Head or the C-AD Environmental Coordinator. When reporting, give your name and information on spill location, type of material and approximate amount (as best as you can). Do not leave a message on an answering machine as notification. The rules are such that we must consider reporting spills of any type or size. When must a spill be reported by calling 911 or x2222?

Unexpected releases of oil, hazardous substances or radioactive materials known or suspected to have impacted the environment (including spill to the soil or a waterway, regardless of size of spill)

Any hazardous material spill where your actions would result in exposures to

chemicals above established safety limits Spills where you possess neither appropriate equipment nor training to mitigate the

incident

Airborne releases of hazardous materials or spills that are likely to result in an uncontrolled release of the hazardous material

Important: If you call 911 from your cell phone you will not get the onsite Fire/Rescue Group or onsite BNL Police Group. You will get the offsite county police, which may not result in the quicker response to the onsite emergency scene.


When do I not have to call in a spill to 911 or x2222?

All of these must be met: The spill is onto an impermeable surface The material spilled is not highly toxic or highly volatile The person responding to the spill has appropriate training and materials to clean up the

spill For petroleum based products, the volume of the spill is less than 5 gallons The spill is cleaned up immediately


Price-Anderson Amendments Act (PAAA) It is important to make you aware of the absolute requirement to follow all safety rules (both radiological and non-radiological) at C-AD and BNL facilities. The Price-Anderson Amendments Act (PAAA) is a Congressional Act which provides the Federal Government the ability to impose enforcement penalties if you/we do not follow the requirements fully. If requirements are violated, enforcement penalties may be imposed against Brookhaven Science Associates (BSA), or even against individuals. Personnel have been the subject of criminal investigations when found to willfully violate radiological requirements, such as removing a radiation barrier. When signing documents related to safety, an employee or User is essentially confirming that he or she will do his or her assigned work according to the rules. The signature does not mean that the individual is guaranteeing that the work will be carried out perfectly or that there is no potential for a violation. It does mean that the individual is performing his or her duties to the best of their ability and has made a good faith effort to comply with the safety requirements. A "good faith effort to comply with the rules" means that the employee or User has familiarized him or her-self with the requirements that fall within his or her area of responsibility. DOE has put safety requirements into the "Code of Federal Regulations" (CFR), Title 10 “Energy”, Parts 835 and 851. These are often referred to as: 10 CFR 835 and 10 CFR 851. 10 CFR 835, Occupational Radiation Protection 10 CFR 851, Worker Safety & Health Program

The intent of the Price-Anderson Amendments Act is to protect the health and safety of workers and the general public.

WARNING It should be understood that any person who intentionally violates a safety requirement, regardless of whether or not the person signs any document related to compliance, might be subject to criminal prosecution or other disciplinary action.


Follow the rules The C-A Department recognizes the high level of work ethics demonstrated consistently over the years by the NSRL Users that visit our facility. The following is intended to help remind us all of possible consequences of non-compliances:

Please follow safety, environmental and animal care federal regulations and BNL requirements. NSRL is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) facility. It is important that you as a visiting User understand the significance of following safety, environmental and animal care federal regulations and BNL requirements. Non-compliances result in costly and disruptive investigations and BNL must file formal reports with the DOE. DOE facilities have been shut down for extended periods pending the outcome of such investigations. This is disruptive to the entire User community. A noncompliance by you here at BNL can also adversely affect your relationship with your home institution and can adversely affect your home institution’s relationship with BNL. This is particularly the case for willful violations.

When signing documents such as User Agreements, a User is essentially confirming that he or she will do their assigned work according to the rules. The signature does not mean the individual is guaranteeing the work will be carried out perfectly or that there is no potential for a violation. It does mean that the individual is performing his or her duties to the best of their ability and has made a good faith effort to comply with the rules. A "good faith effort to comply” means that the User has familiarized him or her-self with the requirements that fall within his or her area of responsibility. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ You, along with your Experiment Spokesperson, Liaison Physicist and PI, are responsible for ensuring the collaboration is qualified to perform their experiment-specific activities. You are most responsible for your own safety. Even if your experiment is not running, beam may be ON in other areas of the C-AD complex. Observe and obey all postings and warning alarms at all times.


Liaison Physicist Liaison Engineer

Experiment Spokesperson

The C-AD Liaison Physicist should be consulted and should be considered your primary contact to help solve ionizing radiation problems, and to solve other problems of general safety character. A Liaison Engineer is also assigned to your experimental area. The Liaison Engineer can arrange for such needs as rigging, surveys, safety reviews, electrical work, plumbing, carpentry and air conditioning. - Experiment Spokespersons are responsible for ensuring that all personnel involved with the experiment apparatus are trained in the emergency procedures, and other safety-related procedures assigned by C-AD Safety Committees. These procedures may be associated with mixing flammable gases, moving protective shields into place or use of chemicals and controlled substances. - The Experiment Spokesperson must inform the Liaison Physicist prior to the introduction of a new hazard. Sufficient time must be allowed for review of modifications prior to planned operations. - Experiment Spokespersons are responsible for ensuring radioactive sources to be introduced to the area are inventoried and leak checked as required by C-AD and Federal Law. The C-AD Sealed Source Custodian must be notified prior to bringing a source to the C-AD experimental area. - It is an Experiment Spokesperson's responsibility to ensure that all work by the collaboration is properly planned and reviewed for Environment, Safety & Health (ES&H) issues. After the reviews by appropriate C-AD safety committees are completed, the Liaison Physicist, Liaison Engineer and the Experiment Spokesperson are made aware of safety requirements for your experiment. The Liaison Physicist, Liaison Engineer or Experiment Spokesperson can provide safety related information specific to your experiment.


Acronyms ACL Administrative Control Level AGS Alternating Gradient Synchrotron ALARA As Low As Reasonable Achievable BLAF Brookhaven Lab Animal Facility BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory BSA Brookhaven Science Associates C-AD Collider-Accelerator Department CAS Collider-Accelerator Support Group DEC Department Emergency Coordinator DOE United States Department of Energy EMT Emergency Medical Technician ESD BNL Environmental Services Division ES&F C-AD Experimental Support and Facilities Division ESH Environment Safety & Health ESRC Experimental Safety Review Committee ESSHQ Environment, Safety, Security, Health & Quality Division FS Facility Support GE Geiger-Muller HP Health Physics IACUC Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee LEC Local Emergency Coordinator LOTO Lock Out Tag Out MCR Main Control Room NFPA National Fire Protection Agency NSRL NASA Space Radiation Laboratory NMM Group BNL Nuclear Materials Management Group OC Operations Coordinator ODH Oxygen Deficiency Hazard OPM C-AD Operations Procedures Manual OSHA United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration PAAA Price-Anderson Amendments Act PI Principal Investigator RAM Radioactive Material PASS Particle Accelerator Safety System RCD BNL Radiological Control Division RCT Radiological Control Technician RGD Radiation Generating Device RHIC Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider RW-1 Radiological Worker-1 Training RWP Radiological Work Permit SDS Safety Data Sheet SRD Self-Reading Dosimeter TLD Thermo-Luminescent Dosimeter

Documents

Collider-Accelerator Department (C-AD) NASA Space