COMMODITIES AT A GLANCE - UNCTADunctad.org/en/docs/suc20112_en.pdf · COMMODITIES AT A GLANCE March 2011. ... This “Commodities at a Glance” has been prepared by the Special Unit

COMMODITIES COMMODITIES AT A GLANCEAT A GLANCE

March 2011March 2011

IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN This “Commodities at a Glance” has been prepared by the Special Unit on Commodities (SUC) ofUNCTAD. This quarterly publication aims to collect, present and disseminate accurate and relevantstatistical information linked to international primary commodity markets in a clear and concise format. The first edition of “Commodities at a Glance” aims to give an overview of the following issues:

(a) Historical and recent trends in primary commodity prices and price indices both in nominal and real terms;

(b) The distribution of primary commodity production among the main producing countriesfor a set of selected primary commodities; and

(c) An overview of primary commodity import and export dependence in developing countries.

For further information about this publication, please contact the Special Unit on Commodities (SUC), UNCTAD, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Genève 10, Switzerland, telephone +41 22 917 5676e-mail: [email protected]. SSTTAATTIISSTTIICCAALL DDAATTAA SSOOUURRCCEESS Statistical data sources for this publication are:

(a) UNCTAD, UNCTADstat (for all primary commodity prices, except iron ore, as well as all data involving primary commodity trade statistics and GDP for their computation);

(b) IMF, International Financial Statistics (for iron ore prices); (c) UNSD (for the deflator used in all current/constant computations); and (d) For all computations regarding production as well as stock-to-use ratio, the source is

indicated below each specific graph. Data on constant prices are available until September 2010 (included) as the United Nations

deflator used in these computations is not available after this date. NNOOTTEESS In this publication, each graph displays both prices or price indices in constant and current

terms. Prices and price indices are presented with an orange line when expressed in constant terms

and using a green line when in current terms. In this document, the term “primary commodities” refers to the following SITC group:

0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 667 + 68 + 971. The “Net Food Importing Countries” group refers to the group as defined by the World Trade

Organization (WTO). CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but full acknowledgement isrequested (UNCTAD, Special Unit on Commodities, Commodities at a Glance). A copy of thepublication containing the quotation or reprint should be sent to the UNCTAD secretariat at: Palaisdes Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland or by e-mail to: [email protected]. FFRREEEE SSUUBBSSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN The current publication is intended to be published on a quarterly basis. If you are interested in receiving its updated versions by e-mail on a regular basis, please send an e-mail to: [email protected] and we would be pleased to send it to you as soon as issued.

UNCTAD/SUC/2011/2

1

HISTORICAL EVOLUTION HISTORICAL EVOLUTION

OF PRIMARY COMMODITY PRICES OF PRIMARY COMMODITY PRICES

AND PRICE INDICESAND PRICE INDICES

Pri

ce in

dex –

All g

rou

ps

in c

urr

en

tan

d c

on

stan

t U

S$

term

san

d S

DR

term

s0

1/

19

60

–0

1/

20

11

(B

ase

10

0 =

20

00

)

-50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

01/196001/196101/196201/196301/196401/196501/196601/196701/196801/196901/197001/197101/197201/197301/197401/197501/197601/197701/197801/197901/198001/198101/198201/198301/198401/198501/198601/198701/198801/198901/199001/199101/199201/199301/199401/199501/199601/199701/199801/199901/200001/200101/200201/200301/200401/200501/200601/200701/200801/200901/201001/2011

Indic

e d

e l'e

nse

mble

en d

olla

rs c

oura

nts

Indic

e d

e l'e

nse

mble

en D

TS

Indic

e d

e l'e

nse

mble

en d

olla

rs c

onst

ants

3

US$ constant terms

US$ current terms

Food Price Index (Base 2000 = 100)01/1960 - 01/2011

-50

100150200250300350400450500

01/1

960

01/1

965

01/1

970

01/1

975

01/1

980

01/1

985

01/1

990

01/1

995

01/2

000

01/2

005

01/2

010

Wheat prices in US$ per ton (01/1960 - 01/2011)

- 50

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

01-1

960

01-1

964

01-1

968

01-1

972

01-1

976

01-1

980

01-1

984

01-1

988

01-1

992

01-1

996

01-2

000

01-2

004

01-2

008

Maize prices in US$ per ton01/1986 - 01/2011

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

07-1

986

07-1

988

07-1

990

07-1

992

07-1

994

07-1

996

07-1

998

07-2

000

07-2

002

07-2

004

07-2

006

07-2

008

07-2

010

Rice prices in US$ per ton01/1960 - 01/2011

-

200

400

600

800

1'000

1'200

1'400

1'600 01-1

960

01-1

965

01-1

970

01-1

975

01-1

980

01-1

985

01-1

990

01-1

995

01-2

000

01-2

005

01-2

010

Sugar prices in US¢ per pound(01/1960 - 01/2011)

- 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

100 110 120 130

01-1

960

01-1

965

01-1

970

01-1

975

01-1

980

01-1

985

01-1

990

01-1

995

01-2

000

01-2

005

01-2

010

Bananas prices in US¢ per pound(01/1960 - 01/2011)

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

01-1

960

01-1

965

01-1

970

01-1

975

01-1

980

01-1

985

01-1

990

01-1

995

01-2

000

01-2

005

01-2

010

4

Tropical Beverages Price Index Base 2000 = 100

01/1960 - 01/2011

-

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

01/1

960

01/1

965

01/1

970

01/1

975

01/1

980

01/1

985

01/1

990

01/1

995

01/2

000

01/2

005

01/2

010

Vegetable oilseeds and oils Price Index, Base 2000 = 100

01/1960 - 01/2011

-50

100150200250300350400450500550

01/1

960

01/1

965

01/1

970

01/1

975

01/1

980

01/1

985

01/1

990

01/1

995

01/2

000

01/2

005

01/2

010

Coffee composite price 1976 in US¢ per pound

(01/1960 - 01/2011)

- 50

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650

01-1

960

01-1

965

01-1

970

01-1

975

01-1

980

01-1

985

01-1

990

01-1

995

01-2

000

01-2

005

01-2

010

Cocoa beans prices in US¢ per pound(01/1960 - 01/2011)

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

01-1

960

01-1

964

01-1

968

01-1

972

01-1

976

01-1

980

01-1

984

01-1

988

01-1

992

01-1

996

01-2

000

01-2

004

01-2

008

Tea prices in US¢ per kilo(01/1993 - 01/2011)

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400 01-1

993

01-1

995

01-1

997

01-1

999

01-2

001

01-2

003

01-2

005

01-2

007

01-2

009

01-2

011

Soybeans prices in US$ per ton(01/1960 - 01/2011)

-

200

400

600

800

1'000

1'200

1'400

01-1

960

01-1

965

01-1

970

01-1

975

01-1

980

01-1

985

01-1

990

01-1

995

01-2

000

01-2

005

01-2

010

5

Agricultural Raw Materials Price Index Base 2000 = 100

01/1960 - 01/2011

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

01/1

960

01/1

965

01/1

970

01/1

975

01/1

980

01/1

985

01/1

990

01/1

995

01/2

000

01/2

005

01/2

010

Soybean oil prices in US$ per ton(01/1960 - 01/2011)

-

300

600

900

1'200

1'500

1'800

2'100

2'400 01-1

960

01-1

965

01-1

970

01-1

975

01-1

980

01-1

985

01-1

990

01-1

995

01-2

000

01-2

005

01-2

010

Palm oil prices in US$ per ton(01/1960 - 01/2011)

-

200

400

600

800

1'000

1'200

1'400

1'600

1'800

2'000

01-1

960

01-1

965

01-1

970

01-1

975

01-1

980

01-1

985

01-1

990

01-1

995

01-2

000

01-2

005

01-2

010

Cotton prices in US¢ per pound(01/1974 - 01/2011)

- 20 40 60 80

100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240

01-1

974

01-1

977

01-1

980

01-1

983

01-1

986

01-1

989

01-1

992

01-1

995

01-1

998

01-2

001

01-2

004

01-2

007

01-2

010

Rubber prices in US$ per ton(01/1986 - 01/2011)

- 500

1'000 1'500 2'000 2'500 3'000 3'500 4'000 4'500 5'000 5'500 6'000

01-1

986

01-1

988

01-1

990

01-1

992

01-1

994

01-1

996

01-1

998

01-2

000

01-2

002

01-2

004

01-2

006

01-2

008

01-2

010

Non-coniferous wood price, in US$ per ton (01/1991 - 01/2011)

-

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

01-1

991

01-1

993

01-1

995

01-1

997

01-1

999

01-2

001

01-2

003

01-2

005

01-2

007

01-2

009

01-2

011

6

Minerals, Ores and Metals Price Index Base 2000 = 100

01/1960 - 01/2011

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

01/1

960

01/1

965

01/1

970

01/1

975

01/1

980

01/1

985

01/1

990

01/1

995

01/2

000

01/2

005

01/2

010

Iron Ore Prices (Brazil) in US¢/DMTU(01/1960 - 12/2010)

- 20 40 60 80

100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240

01-1

960

01-1

965

01-1

970

01-1

975

01-1

980

01-1

985

01-1

990

01-1

995

01-2

000

01-2

005

01-2

010

Aluminium prices in US$ per ton(01/1960 - 01/2011)

-

500

1'000

1'500

2'000

2'500

3'000

3'500

4'000

01-1

960

01-1

964

01-1

968

01-1

972

01-1

976

01-1

980

01-1

984

01-1

988

01-1

992

01-1

996

01-2

000

01-2

004

01-2

008

Copper prices in US$ per Ton(01/1960 - 01/2011)

- 1'000 2'000 3'000 4'000 5'000 6'000 7'000 8'000 9'000

10'000 11'000 01-1

960

01-1

965

01-1

970

01-1

975

01-1

980

01-1

985

01-1

990

01-1

995

01-2

000

01-2

005

01-2

010

Lead prices in US$ per ton(01/1960 - 01/2011)

-

500

1'000

1'500

2'000

2'500

3'000

3'500

4'000

01-1

960

01-1

965

01-1

970

01-1

975

01-1

980

01-1

985

01-1

990

01-1

995

01-2

000

01-2

005

01-2

010

Nickel prices in US$ per Ton(01/1970 - 01/2011)

- 5'000

10'000 15'000 20'000 25'000 30'000 35'000 40'000 45'000 50'000 55'000

01-1

970

01-1

974

01-1

978

01-1

982

01-1

986

01-1

990

01-1

994

01-1

998

01-2

002

01-2

006

01-2

010

7

Zinc prices in US$ per ton(01/1960 - 01/2011)

-

500

1'000

1'500

2'000

2'500

3'000

3'500

4'000

4'500

5'000 01-1

960

01-1

965

01-1

970

01-1

975

01-1

980

01-1

985

01-1

990

01-1

995

01-2

000

01-2

005

01-2

010

Tin prices in US$ per ton(01/1960 - 01/2011)

0

5'000

10'000

15'000

20'000

25'000

30'000

01-1

960

01-1

965

01-1

970

01-1

975

01-1

980

01-1

985

01-1

990

01-1

995

01-2

000

01-2

005

01-2

010

Gold prices in US$ per troy ounce(01/1970 - 01/2011)

- 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

1'000 1'100 1'200 1'300 1'400 1'500

01-1

970

01-1

974

01-1

978

01-1

982

01-1

986

01-1

990

01-1

994

01-1

998

01-2

002

01-2

006

01-2

010

Silver prices in US¢ per troy ounce(01/1970 - 01/2011)

-

500

1'000

1'500

2'000

2'500

3'000

3'500

4'000

4'500

5'000

5'500 01-1

970

01-1

974

01-1

978

01-1

982

01-1

986

01-1

990

01-1

994

01-1

998

01-2

002

01-2

006

01-2

010

Crude petroleum prices in US$ per barrel

(01/1960 - 01/2011)

-

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

01-1

960

01-1

965

01-1

970

01-1

975

01-1

980

01-1

985

01-1

990

01-1

995

01-2

000

01-2

005

01-2

010

Euro per US dollar exchange rate(01/1999 - 01/2011)

-

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

01-1

999

01-2

000

01-2

001

01-2

002

01-2

003

01-2

004

01-2

005

01-2

006

01-2

007

01-2

008

01-2

009

01-2

010

01-2

011

8

Overv

iew

of

the h

isto

rica

levo

luti

on

of

pri

mary

com

mo

dit

yp

rice

s, i

n U

S$

per

ton

(exce

pt

wh

en

men

tion

ed

)

9

PRIMARY COMMODITY PRIMARY COMMODITY PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION

PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL PRIMARY COMMODITIES

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Ecu

ador

Bra

zil

Chin

a

Phili

ppin

es

India

Oth

ers

World production: 92.8 million tons

Banana production (2007-2009)in million tons

-

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

Russ

ian

Fed.

United

Sta

tes

India

Chin

a

EU

27

Oth

ers


Wheat production (2008/09-2010/11)in million tons

Source: FAO Source: International Grains Council

-

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160V

ietn

am

Bangla

desh

Indonesi

a

India

Chin

a

Oth

ers


Rice production (2008/09-2010/11)in million tons

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Mexic

o

Bra

zil

EU

27

Chin

a

United

Sta

tes

Oth

ers


Maize production (2008/09-2010/11)in million tons

Source: International Grains Council Source: International Grains Council

-

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

Cam

ero

on

Nig

eri

a

Indonesi

a

Ghana

Côte

d'I

voir

e

Oth

ers

World production: 3,7 million tons

Cocoa production (2008/09-2010/11)in million tons

Source: International Cocoa Organization Source: International Coffee Organization

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Eth

iopia

Colo

mbia

Indonesi

a

Vie

tnam

Bra

zil

Oth

ers

World production: 128,8 million 60kg bags

Coffee production (2008/09-2010/11)in million 60kg bags

11

-

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

EU

27

Bra

zil

Arg

entina

United

Sta

tes

Chin

a

Oth

ers

World production: 38,8 Million tons

Soybean oil production (2008/09-2010/11) in million tons

-

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Bra

zil

Pakis

tan

United

Sta

tes

India

Chin

a

Oth

ers


Cotton production (2008/09-2010/11)in million tons

AGRICULTURAL PRIMARY COMMODITIES (cont.)

Source: FAO Source: USDA

Source: USDA Source: USDA

Source: International Cotton Advisory Committee Source: FAO

-

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

Turk

ey

Sri

Lanka

Kenya

India

Chin

a

Oth

ers


Tea production (2007-2009) in million tons

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

India

Chin

a

Arg

entina

Bra

zil

United

Sta

tes

Oth

ers


Soybeans production (2008/09-2010/11)in million tons

-

3

6

9

12

1518

21

24

27

30C

olo

mbia

Nig

eri

a

Thaila

nd

Mala

ysi

a

Indonesi

a

Oth

ers


Palm oil production (2008/09-2010/11) in million tons

-

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Vie

tnam

India

Mala

ysi

a

Indonesi

a

Thaila

nd

Oth

ers


Rubber production (2007-2009)in million tons

12

PRODUCTION OF MINERALS, ORES AND METALS

-

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Russ

ian

Fed.

India

Chin

a

Bra

zil

Aust

ralia

Oth

ers

World production: 1'663 Million tons

Iron ore production (2007-2009)in million tons

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Thaila

nd

Chin

a

EU

27

India

Bra

zil

Oth

ers

World production: 168.9 Million tons

Sugar production (2008/09-2010/11)in million tons

Source: UNCTAD, Trust Fund on Iron Ore InformationSource: International Sugar Organization

PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES (cont.)

-

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Phili

ppin

es

New

Cale

donia

Aust

ralia

Canada

Indonesi

a

Russ

ian

Fed.

Oth

ers


Nickel mine production (2008-2010)in million tons

-

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Aust

ralia

Chin

a

United

Sta

tes

Peru

Chile

Oth

ers


Copper mine production (2008-2010)in million tons

Source: World Bureau of Metal StatisticsSource: International Copper Study Group

-

1

2

3

4

5

6

Mexic

o

India

Canada

Peru

Chin

a

Oth

ers


Zinc mine production (2008-2010)in million tons

-

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

Boliv

ia

Mexic

o

Peru

United

Sta

tes

Chin

a

Oth

ers


Lead mine production (2008-2010)in million tons

Source: International Lead and Zinc Study Group Source: International Lead and Zinc Study Group13

PRODUCTION OF MINERALS, ORES AND METALS (cont.)

PRODUCTION OF ENERGY

-

500

1'000

1'500

2'000

2'500

3'000

3'500

4'000

Zim

babw

e

Nort

hA

meri

ca

South

Afr

ica

Russ

ian

Fed.

Oth

ers

World production: 7'183 thousand ounces

Palladium supply (2008-2010)in thousand ounces

-

200

400

600

800

1'000

1'200

1'400

Russ

ia

South

Afr

ica

Aust

ralia

United

Sta

tes

Chin

a

Oth

ers

World production: 2'405 tons

Gold mine production (2008-2010)in tons

Source: Johnson MattheySource: World Bureau of Metal Statistics

-

1'000

2'000

3'000

4'000

5'000

Zim

babw

e

Nort

hA

meri

ca

Russ

ian

Fed.

South

Afr

ica

Oth

ers

World production: 5'992 thousands ounce

Platinum supply (2008-2010)in thousand ounces

Source: Johnson Matthey Source: Kimberley Process

-

10

20

30

40

50S

outh

Afr

ica

Canada

Aust

ralia

D.R

.C

Bots

wana

Russ

iaFe

d.

Oth

ers

World production: 151,9 Million carats

Diamonds mine production (2007-2009)in million carats

* DRC: Democratic Republic of Congo

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Chin

a

Iran

United

Sta

tes

Russ

ian

Fed.

Saudi

Ara

bia

Oth

ers

World production: 81,13 Million barrels

Crude oil production (2007-2009)in million barrels

Source: BP

-

200

400

600

800

1'000

1'200

1'400

1'600

Norw

ay

Iran

Canada

Russ

ian

Fed.

United

Sta

tes

Oth

ers

World production: 2'709 Million tons oil equivalent

Natural Gas production (2007-2009)in million tons oil equivalent

Source: BP14

PRIMARY COMMODITY PRIMARY COMMODITY EXPORT DEPENDENCEEXPORT DEPENDENCE

Primary commodity dependence in developing countries (Change between 2002/03 and 2008/09)

Number of countries in % Number of countries in %

All commodities 96 67% 96 67%

Non-fuel commodities 62 43% 58 41%

Fuel 22 15% 26 18%

Ores and Metals 12 8% 14 10%

Agricultural Raw Materials

5 3% 1 1%

All food 29 20% 25 17%

Note: Data computed over a total of 143 developing countries

Number of developing countries that derive at least 50 per cent of their export values from commodities

2002/03 2008/09




Fuel 15 10% 15 10%



6 4% 6 4%

All food 46 32% 40 28%


Number of developing countries that derive between 20 and 49.9 per cent of their export values from commodities

2002/03 2008/09




Fuel 106 74% 102 71%



132 92% 136 95%

All food 68 48% 78 55%


2002/03 2008/09

Number of developing countries that derive less than 20 per cent of their export values from commodities

16

Comparison of Primary commodity dependence in developing countries

(breakdown by continent, 2008-2009 average)

Primary commodity dependence throughout the world

(2008-2009 average)

Main Primary commodity exported by continent and by primary commodity groups (2008-2009 average )

AFRICA ASIA

AMERICA OCEANIA

Fuels76%

All food9%

Agricultural raw materials

2%

Ores and metals13%

Fuels68%

All food 15%


3%Ores and

metals14%

Fuels37%

Ores and metals24%

All food35%

Agricultural Raw Material4%

Fuels26%

Ores and metals

14%


18%

All food 15%

Africa America Asia Oceania

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Primarycommodity

exports as % ofmerchandise

exports

3 main primarycommodities as

% ofmerchandise

exports

3 main primarycommodities as% of commodity

exports

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Primarycommodity


exports

3 main primarycommodity


exports

3 main primarycommodity

exports as % ofcommodity

exports

Developed economies Developing economies

Transition economies LDCs

17

PRIMARY COMMODITY PRIMARY COMMODITY IMPORT DEPENDENCEIMPORT DEPENDENCE

Fuel import bill of non-fuel exporting LDC and Sub-Saharan countries* compared to their total merchandise exports and their GDP over the 2000s

The ratio has deteriorated between the two periods The ratio has improved between the two periods

The ratio remained unchanged (change between the two periods ranges between-0.5 percentage point and +0.5 percentage point)

2000-2002 2007-2009 2000-2002 2007-2009Afghanistana 102.6% 110.8% 3.1% 4.2%Bangladesha 9.6% 14.6% 1.1% 2.8%Botswanab 5.3% 11.3% 2.5% 4.5%Burkina Fasoa,b 74.6% 44.6% 4.6% 2.9%Burundia,b 46.4% 34.4% 2.6% 4.9%Cambodiaa 19.6% 20.4% 7.9% 8.0%Central African Republica,b 4.7% 20.5% 0.4% 1.4%Comorosa,b 19.5% 54.8% 1.4% 1.2%Djiboutia,b 8.4% 104.8% 0.5% 7.4%Eritreaa,b 16.5% 115.9% 0.7% 1.0%Ethiopiaa,b 59.0% 89.9% 3.2% 5.5%Gambiaa,b 184.4% 179.4% 2.4% 5.9%Ghanab 28.2% 26.1% 9.6% 6.3%Guinea-Bissaua,b 7.0% 29.1% 2.0% 8.7%Haitia 12.7% 21.0% 1.1% 1.6%Kenyab 44.3% 53.8% 5.1% 8.2%Kiribatia 22.3% 119.7% 6.2% 17.7%Lao People's Dem. Rep.a 20.4% 24.3% 3.8% 4.9%Lesothoa,b 22.0% 0.6% 9.9% 0.4%Madagascara,b 21.3% 35.3% 4.1% 5.8%Malawia,b 21.1% 21.0% 3.4% 5.0%Maldivesa 58.5% 227.1% 7.5% 18.4%Malia,b 26.5% 33.1% 6.1% 7.0%Mauritiusb 13.7% 35.3% 4.7% 8.9%Namibiab 9.0% 8.6% 3.4% 4.4%Nepala 34.1% 91.2% 3.7% 6.2%Nigera,b 21.0% 34.8% 2.9% 3.7%Rwandaa,b 48.6% 28.9% 2.0% 1.5%Samoaa 32.0% 74.4% 6.5% 9.9%Seychellesb 21.2% 52.0% 5.7% 19.1%Sierra Leonea 166.6% 88.2% 4.4% 9.2%Solomon Islandsa 40.0% 40.5% 5.8% 11.0%Somaliaa 2.3% 1.1% 0.3% 0.2%Swazilandb 12.4% 11.3% 8.4% 3.2%Timor-Lestea n.a. 536.0% n.a. n.a. 9.8% n.a.Togoa,b 22.1% 42.9% 5.9% 11.8%Tuvalua 8.4% 1064.6% 4.0% 6.2%Ugandaa,b 38.0% 47.3% 2.6% 5.1%United Republic of Tanzaniaa,b 30.8% 68.3% 2.2% 9.1%Vanuatua 56.2% 75.1% 4.8% 7.2%Zambiaa,b 9.0% 13.0% 2.4% 4.7%Zimbabweb 22.1% 20.4% 6.7% 9.7%

Note:

(a) Least Developed Country (LDC), (b) Sub-Saharan African Country

- All computations are based on trade statistics in value

- when change in 2000/02-2007/09 ratio ranged between -0.5 percentage point and +0.5 percentage point,

the change has been considered as not significant.

Fuel imports-To-GDP ratioFuel imports-To-All merchandise exports ratio

19

Food import bill of Net-Food Importing Countries (NFIC) compared to their total merchandise exports and their GDP over the 2000s

2000-2002 2007-2009 2000-2002 2007-2009Afghanistana 605.8% 136.6% 18.4% 5.2%Angolaa,b 10.9% 4.7% 8.4% 7.9%Bangladesha 24.5% 25.5% 2.9% 4.9%Barbados 73.5% 79.9% 7.2% 8.2%Benina,b 34.2% 55.5% 5.4% 9.5%Bhutana 28.2% 15.0% 6.2% 6.5%Botswanab 13.5% 9.9% 6.3% 3.9%Burkina Fasoa,b 63.4% 73.9% 3.9% 4.7%Burundia,b 60.1% 26.7% 3.4% 3.8%Cambodiaa 16.1% 14.8% 6.5% 5.8%Cameroonb 16.6% 26.1% 3.0% 4.7%Cape Verdeb 801.3% 698.5% 14.2% 12.5%Central African Republica,b 24.0% 63.1% 1.8% 4.4%Chada,b 48.4% 7.8% 5.3% 3.8%Comorosa,b 81.3% 392.5% 6.0% 8.9%Congob 9.1% 8.7% 5.8% 8.0%Côte d'Ivoireb 12.7% 15.4% 4.7% 6.5%Cuba 58.7% 54.9% 2.9% 3.3%Dem. Rep. of the Congoa,b 27.0% 23.3% 4.8% 7.1%Djiboutia,b 177.4% 170.7% 10.4% 12.1%Dominican Republic 18.5% 27.7% 4.2% 4.2%Equatorial Guineaa,b 4.5% 2.6% 4.5% 2.1%Eritreaa,b 463.9% 1504.0% 19.0% 13.2%Ethiopiaa,b 40.9% 56.0% 2.2% 3.4%Gabonb 6.6% 6.7% 3.4% 3.5%Gambiaa,b 683.8% 325.3% 8.8% 10.7%Ghanab 26.7% 29.2% 9.1% 7.0%Guineaa,b 27.8% 22.9% 4.8% 5.9%Guinea-Bissaua,b 25.0% 61.6% 7.3% 18.4%Haitia 129.8% 181.0% 11.3% 13.9%Honduras 16.6% 23.1% 7.7% 9.1%Jamaica 42.9% 47.0% 5.6% 6.9%Kenyab 29.3% 25.4% 3.4% 3.9%Kiribatia 97.2% 227.1% 26.9% 33.6%Lao People's Dem. Rep.a 25.7% 13.8% 4.8% 2.8%Lesothoa,b 46.7% 12.3% 21.0% 8.1%Liberiaa,b 2.3% 5.3% 0.9% 1.3%Madagascara,b 15.4% 26.6% 3.0% 4.3%Malawia,b 23.3% 23.1% 3.8% 5.5%Maldivesa 110.7% 190.7% 14.3% 15.4%Malia,b 21.0% 23.5% 4.8% 5.0%Mauritaniaa,b 29.9% 30.9% 9.2% 14.3%Mauritiusb 19.6% 35.2% 6.7% 8.9%Morocco 21.6% 25.7% 4.2% 5.0%Mozambiquea,b 40.3% 24.9% 6.0% 6.4%Myanmara 10.9% 6.8% 3.1% 1.9%Namibiab 15.2% 13.9% 5.7% 7.2%Nepala 34.0% 48.6% 3.7% 3.3%

All food imports-to-All merchandise exports ratio

All food imports-to-GDP ratio

20

Food import bill of Net-Food Importing Countries (NFIC) compared to their total merchandise exports and their GDP over the 2000s (cont.)

2000-2002 2007-2009 2000-2002 2007-2009Nigera,b 61.4% 57.7% 8.4% 6.2%Nigeriab 8.9% 7.2% 3.3% 2.5%Pakistan 14.4% 20.6% 1.8% 2.1%Peru 13.3% 7.4% 1.7% 1.7%Rwandaa,b 71.3% 68.9% 2.9% 3.5%Saint Helenab 60.7% 29.6% n.a. n.a.Saint Lucia 154.2% 87.1% 11.0% 12.6%Samoaa 64.0% 96.9% 12.9% 12.9%Sao Tome and Principea,b 314.0% 356.3% 13.4% 18.8%Senegala,b 62.4% 70.7% 9.1% 10.9%Seychellesb 42.4% 53.0% 11.5% 19.5%Sierra Leonea,b 142.0% 51.0% 3.8% 5.3%Solomon Islandsa 34.3% 38.1% 5.0% 10.4%Somaliaa,b 80.2% 131.6% 10.2% 20.9%Sri Lanka 16.9% 19.9% 5.0% 4.0%Sudana,b 20.8% 17.4% 2.4% 2.4%Swazilandb 20.2% 20.7% 13.6% 5.9%Togoa,b 27.7% 29.4% 7.4% 8.0%Trinidad and Tobago 7.1% 5.1% 3.6% 3.2%Tunisia 12.8% 12.3% 4.1% 5.3%Ugandaa,b 30.9% 34.3% 2.1% 3.7%United Republic of Tanzaniaa,b 31.4% 23.1% 2.3% 3.1%Vanuatua 86.5% 90.7% 7.5% 8.7%Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 6.5% 10.4% 1.6% 2.3%Yemena 24.3% 36.2% 7.9% 8.6%Zambiaa,b 11.1% 5.3% 3.0% 1.9%Zimbabweb 7.7% 27.2% 2.3% 12.9%

Note: - Food is defined by SITC codes: 0 + 1 + 22 + 4

- Data for Timor Leste, Tuvalu are not available.

- NFIC list is based on the one defined by WTO

- All computations are based on trade statistics in value

(a) Least Developed Country (LDC)

(b) Sub-Saharan African Country

- when change in 2000/02-2007/09 ratio ranged between -0.5 percentage point and +0.5 percentage point, the change has been considered as not significant.

All food imports-to-All merchandise exports ratio

All food imports-to-GDP ratio

21

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

- 0.5

% t

o

-

2%

- 2.1

% t

o

-

5%

Depre

ciation

exce

edin

g5%

0.5

% t

o 2

%

2.1

% t

o 5

%

Impro

vem

ent

exce

edin

g5% N

osi

gnific

ant

change in

Perc

enta

ge o

f co

untr

ies

within

the g

roup (

of

33 L

DC

countr

ies)

Change in the situation of Non-Fuel Exporting LDCsregarding their fuel imports-to-GDP ratio

(Change in percentage point between 2000/2002 and 2007/2009 average)*

Change in the situation of Non-Fuel Exporting LDCsregarding their fuel imports-to-all merchandise export ratio


Deterioration

Improvement

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%-

0.5

% t

o

-

20%

- 20.1

% t

o

- 50%

Depre

ciation

exce

edin

g50%

0.5

% t

o20%

20.1

% t

o50%

Impro

vem

ent

exce

edin

g50% No

signific

ant

change in

the r

atio

Perc

enta

ge o

f co

untr

ies

within

the g

roup (

of

33 L

DCs) Deterioration

Improvement

76% have seen their situation deteriorated between 2000-2002 and 2007-2009

21% have seen their situation improved between 2000-2002 and 2007-2009

* All computations are based on trade statistics in value


6% have seen their situation

improved between 2000-

2002 and 2007-2009


22

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

- 0.5

% t

o -

2%

- 2.1

% t

o -

5%

Depre

ciation

exce

edin

g5%

0.5

% t

o 2

%

2.1

% t

o 5

%

Impro

vem

ent

exce

edin

g5% N

osi

gnific

ant

change in

the r

atio

Perc

enta

ge o

f co

untr

ies

within

the g

roup (

of

74 N

FIC

s) Deterioration

Improvement

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%-

0.5

% t

o -

20%

- 20.1

% t

o -

50%

Depre

ciation

exce

edin

g50%

0.5

% t

o20%

21%

to 5

0%

Impro

vem

ent

exce

edin

g50% No

signific

ant

change in

the r

atio

Perc

enta

ge o

f co

untr

ies

within

the g

roup (

of

74 N

FIC

s)

Deterioration

Improvement


41% have seen their situation improved between 2000-2002 and 2007-2009


22% have seen their situation

improved between 2000-

2002 and 2007-2009

Change in the situation of Net-Food Importing Countriesregarding their food imports-to–all merchandise exports ratio


Change in the situation of Net-Food Importing Countriesregarding their food imports-to–GDP ratio




23

PRIMARY COMMODITYPRIMARY COMMODITYSTOCKSSTOCKS

World Stock-to-use ratio for selected primary commodities

Source: Data sources are the same as for graphs related to production

Note: Colors on this graph are attributed to « years » which are different from one primary commodity to another, as the reference period (calendar year / crop year) is different from one to another and given that the last available data are also different. For further information, please see below:

Year 1 Means 2008/09 for wheat, maize, rice, soybeans, soybean oil, palm oil and cocoa. Means 2007 for copper, nickel, lead and zincMeans 2007 for coffee in importing countries (a)Means 2007/08 for coffee in exporting countries (b)



(a) Stocks and consumption in importing countries (situation at the end of each year)(b) Stocks and consumption in exporting countries (situation for each crop season)

Perc

enta

ge

of

consu

mption c

ove

red b

y st

ock

s

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Wheat

Maiz

e

Ric

e

Coco

a

Coff

ee(a

)

Coff

ee(b

)

Soybeans

Soybean o

il

Palm

oil

Cott

on

Copper

Nic

kel

Lead

Zin

c

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

25

Documents

COMMODITIES AT A GLANCE - UNCTADunctad.org/en/docs/suc20112_en.pdf · COMMODITIES AT A GLANCE March 2011. ... This “Commodities at a Glance” has been prepared by the Special Unit