Communication, Decision Making and Different Types Of

8/3/2019 Communication, Decision Making and Different Types Of

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Management Information System


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The situation and relationship within whichcommunication takes place.

Includes: social presence, organizational

position, relationships, cultural norms, age,gender, and the topic being discussed.

Social Presence: the extent to which thereceiver of the message perceives it as a

personal interaction with another person. Itis strongly felt in face-to-facecommunication.


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Personal Communication: the personal

relationship of both the sender and

recipients affects th

e form and content ofcommunication.

Example:Performance evaluation of

employees


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Impersonal Communication: the identity

of the sender and receiver of the

message affects th

e communication lessbecause the sender and receiver act as

agents or deliver of the policies and

tactics of the organization.

Example: payment of credit card billsand other utility bills


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Anonymous Communication: the senders

identity is hidden and is used in

situations ranging from th

e suggestionbox to crime tips for the police.


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Same-time (also called synchronous) communication occurs

when both the sender and recipient are present

simultaneously.

Made possible by live radio or live television,

and by the use of telephones


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Different-time (also called asynchronous) communication takes

place when both members are not available

simultaneously.

Examples include taping ofTV programs and

recording of phone messages


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Same time Different time

Same place Presentation

systems

Group decision

support systems(GDSS)

Transaction

databases

World Wide Web

Electronic Mail Voice Mail

Different place Typical telephones

Computer

conferencing

Video telephonesand conferencing

Transaction

databases

World Wide Web

Electronic Mail Voice Mail

Fax

Prerecorded radio

or TV broadcast


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One-Way Communication Usually prevalent in television and radio

broadcasting

Two-Way Communication Promotes an interactive situation that is needed

in most business meetings.

Example: video conferencing


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Making Face-to-Face Communication

More Effective

Use of presentation tech

nologies toh

elp presentideas more effectively in same-time, same-place

meetings.

The tool to be used depends on how cost-

effective it would be, the degree of preparation

required, and the availability of the tools


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Eliminating Unnecessary Person-to-

Person Communication The emergence of online data access helps

clients search for a particular information

without disturbing someone else.

More and more companies use an automated

system in answering questions.


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Making Communication Systematic Since most communication systems nowadays

are automated, strict data formats are now being

implemented between departments in

businesses and to external customers.


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Combining and Extending Electronic

Communication Functions Computer data such as pictures, or video can

now be sent to the receiver

The device used for sending and receiving

might be portable

The caller or receiver could be a computer not

just a person


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Problem Finding The process in identifying and formulating

problems that should be solved

Problem Solving The process of using information, knowledge

and intuition to solve a problem that has been

defined previously


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1. Intelligence Collect and analyze data about the problem

2. Design

Identify criteria Create alternatives

Evaluate outcomes

3. Choice

Select preferred alternative4. Implementation

Inform others of the decision

Put the decision into effect


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The decision making process reflects howpeople make conclusion and how rationalthey are in deciding the best solution.

Rationality: a common model for explaininghow people should make decisions.Satisficing: selecting an acceptable

alternative rather than an optimal or bestalternative.People make decisions in

limited time, based on limited informationand limited ability to process theinformation


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Poor Framing Decisions are influenced or framed by the

language or context used for presenting the

issue

To avoid this flaw, information systems can

provide information that will help the decision

makers think about the real issue


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Recency Effects Giving decision based only on the most readily

available information

Information system can provide information that

will help rationalize how the most recent

information might not be the most reasonable


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Primacy Effects The difficulty of most people to change an

opinion or position about a certain issue once

they have considered it.

The information system can show how some

information is inappropriate with the first

information.


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Poor Probability Estimation Underestimating the credibility and

reasonableness of negative and overestimating

the probability of familiar and beneficial events.

The information system can make it easier for

the decision maker by estimating the

probabilities based on relevant data


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Overconfidence Being overconfident or too complacent with the

accuracy of what they know, thus, making a

preliminary conclusion.

The information system should provide

examples or models showing the other

conclusions might also work


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Escalation phenomena Most people have a hard time changing the

courses of action that has been adopted because

of familiarization in the process, thus taking nonotice to feedbacks signifying failure in the

courses of action previously implemented.


information that the current approach beingimplemented might not truly work.


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Association Bias The use of past strategies to repeat the success

previously experienced even if it does not fit

with the current situation.


information on the current situation and how

different it is from past situations.


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Groupthink Favoring the consensus of the group instead of

heading to unpopular ideas.


information on the unpopular proposal and

prove its weight to the situation.


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Simplifies everyday processing tasks inoffices, and in businesses.

Most common applications used are word

processors, spreadsheets, andpresenatation tools.

Categories ofOAS1. Spreadsheets

2. Text and image processing systems

3. Presentation packages

4. Personal database and note-taking systems


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Help people exchange or share informationelectronically without being present in thesame location

Four general categories1. Teleconferencing: use of electronic transmission topermit same-time different-place meetings

2. Messaging Systems: enables the transmission ofspecific messages possible to specific individuals

3. Groupware: allows information to be sharedamong members of the team and for effectivecontrol of workflows

4. Intranets and Extranets


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The first computerized information

system that collects and stores data about

transactions and sometimes controlsdecisions made as part of a transaction.


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Provides information to the organizations

managers to assist them in the planning

and decision making process needed to

push the firm in a higher level.

Computerized MIS generate information

for monitoring performance, maintaining

coordination, and providing backgroundinformation about the organizations

operation.


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An interactive information system that

provides information, models and data

manipulation tools to help make

decisions in semi-structured and

unstructured situations where no one

knows exactly how decision should be

made.


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System that supports the intellectual

work of professionals engaged in design,

diagnosis, or evaluation of complex

situations requiring expert knowledge.


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Communication, Decision Making and Different Types Of