Communication Skills A - initial html filelab.twcu.ac.jp/languages/english/CSA/CSA.pdf · All the words in the word formation category are headwords in ordinary ... I came here from

Communication Skills A3nd Edition, 2015

Tokyo Woman’s Christian University

Robert Walker Chris Sullivan

John Pulaski Martin Willis

Dennis Schneider Sarah Willis Tiina

Matikainen Mitsuko Imai

Maho Naito

Joan M. Mas 2007

Communication Skills A3rd Edition, 2015

Tokyo Woman’s Christian University

Robert Walker

Chris Sullivan

John Pulaski Martin Willis

Dennis Schneider

Sarah Willis

Tiina Matikainen

Mitsuko Imai

Maho Naito

Joan M. Mas 2007

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

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A - 1

Orientation

In this unit, you will learn:

• How to do some of the activities you will find in the textbook

Vocabulary

• Relationships betweensome common Englishwords

Listening

• What naturally spoken English sounds like and how to understand it

A - 2

Mystery WordsOrientation

STEP 1 When native English speakers hear the word “white”, most people think of a word like “black”, “snow” or “paper”. Listen to the word your teacher says. What is the first word that you think of when you hear this word?

STEP 2 Now your teacher will say six more stimulus words. Write down a response word for each one.

STEP 3 Work in groups. Make a list of all the response words your group thought of for each stimulus word.

STEP 4 Your teacher will give you one of the stimulus words to focus on. Now go round to the other groups and find out what their responses were. When you finish, go back to your group, count the number of times each response was given and write your “data” on the blackboard.

Word associations contain a lot of information about words. They can help you learn more about word meanings, collocations and lots of other things, including cultural information about speakers of a particular language.

STIMULUS RESPONSES

STIMULUS

RESPONSES

A - 3

The Mystery Words activity is based on word association data collected from British and American university students.The responses have been turned into Word Clouds.1 Your task is to guess the stimulus from the responses. The bigger the words in the Word Cloud, the more frequently they were given. Work with the other members of your group to guess what the stimulus words were.

1. All Word Clouds in this book were produced by http://www.wordle.net/

A

B

C

A - 4

F

D

E

A - 5

Web of Words In this activity, you will classify the relationships between stimulus words and their associates.

Word Relationships

Words are related to each other in many different ways. In this activity you will think about the rela-tionships between the keyword in the box and the words in the arrow (see below). You should use a dictionary to help you do this activity.

Similar Meaning and Opposite

These are simply the words with similar or opposite meanings. For example, car and automobile have similar meanings, and large and small are opposites.

Word formation

There are three basic types of word formation: word building, compounds and idioms. • In word building, affixes are added to words to make new words, for example, dis + like make the word

dislike and govern + ment make the word government. • Compounds are formed from two or more words, for example, post and card make postcard, and living

and room make living room. Notice compounds are sometimes written as one word and sometimes as two or more.

• Idioms are like compounds, but their meanings cannot be easily guessed from the words in them. One very common type of idiom is phrasal verbs, for example, get up, take after and look through. Other examples of idioms are by the way and be under the weather (meaning feel ill).

All the words in the word formation category are headwords in ordinary dictionaries.

Collocation

Collocations are words that are often used together, but do not make new words, for example, pretty girl, fast car, learn about ..., and send a letter. You will NOT find them as headwords in an ordinary dictionary.

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

berrydarkdepressedeyesjeansmoonpalesadseasky

blue

A - 6

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

love

easy

adoreaffairenjoy

fallhate

lifelovelypuppystoryzero

awkwarddeaddifficulteaseeasilyfairlyhardrelativelysimplevery

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

blueclear

cloudlesscloudystarrydiving

skyscraperpie

divingheavens

sky

A - 7

Sentence TranscriptionThere are two sections of this activity. You should do both of them.

On the audio, you will hear sentences read by four people. Write down what they say. You should listen as many times as you need.

Reduced forms

1. ____________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. ___________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. ___________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Useful Sentences

1. ____________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4. ___________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. ___________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

A - 8

Concordance ClozesA concordance is a list of sentences with a keyword in the middle (see the concordance of read below). They are used a lot in dictionary-making because they help dictionary writers to see clearly how words are actually used.

A concordance cloze is a concordance with the keyword removed. You should use the information in the concordance sentences to guess what the keyword in each group is.

Read the dictionary definition carefully.

Had he read her thoughts?

He seemed to read my mind, and said quickly, ‘Yes, you're right.’

I read too many fairy-tales when I was young.

It’s not just a book you read, it’s a book you learn from.

Question is: will you read the book first or see the film.

The students were expected to read a novel and a work of criticism.

It is ________ to see why.

The words are ________, so why do we have such trouble saying them?

Take it ________ on the beach!

The controls are so ________ to operate, you don't have to be an Einstein to use it.

George was a friendly person who was ________ to get on with.

If everyone lifts it together, it suddenly becomes avery ________ task.

It wasn’t difficult to find and it was light and ________ to fire, a woman’s gun.

There is no ________ solution.

He fell madly in ________ with me.

Tell me, Mark, did you ever ________ me?

It was a short ________ affair which didn’t work out.

She was glad to see such a ________ story come true before her eyes.

By best interests, I mean her studies, not her ________ life.

You’re ________ly when you smile.

Hurter was a sociable man, who ________d music and played the clarinet and piano.

‘I’d ________ a nice cup of tea,’ Mum says suddenly.

Joan Main went missing from her ________ at Old Town in Swindon.

As soon as they got ________, Anne started getting Abigail to bed.

Make yourself at ________!

Although we both live at ________, we actually don’t see much of each other.

Then he went ________ for dinner.

Now, I’m enjoying having my own ________ and own bedroom.

I almost felt at ________, secure.

As time went on, they began to visit each other’s ________s.

A - 9

Meeting for the First Time


Vocabulary

• Enrich your knowledge of frequently used vocabulary.

Listening

• What naturally spoken English sounds like and how to understand it

Speaking

• Ways of getting another person’s attention• Ways of introducing yourself informally• Useful questions for first meetings• Ways of saying things more naturally

1

Photo by +fatman+

A - 10

Mystery Words Look at the words in the word clouds and guess the Mystery Words.

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Web of Words

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

armyclub

companyconnect

hipin

jointqueue

separateup

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

play

job

join

actdramagames

partperformplayful

roleschool

withwork

dayfindloseofferpart-timepermanentprofessionquittasktemporary

A - 13

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

aboutacquire

fromhow

mastermemorize

pick upquickly

skillunlearn

alivebirthsdieinin personmusicperformancerecordedresidewith

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

aceassociationfangolfhithousejoinmembernightsociety

live

learn

club

A - 14

Sentence TranscriptionThere are three sections of this activity. You should do all of them.


Reduced form 1

1. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Reduced form 2

1. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

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Useful Sentences

1. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

6. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

7. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

8. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

9. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

10.___________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

A - 16

Conversation DictoglossYour teacher will read you a short conversation. After you have listened to it, write the conversation.

Notes

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

A - 17

Saying It Better ATest your partner. Does your partner know how to say things in better English? Take turns to test each other and then help each other learn these better ways of saying things. You go first.

1. The expression “I’m a student of TWCU.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?I’m a student with TWCU.I’m a student by TWCU.I’m a student at TWCU.

2. The question “What's your club?” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?Which is your club?What club do you belong to?Which is your belong to club?

3. The question “What's your hobby?” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?What are your hobbies?What’s your best hobby?What’s your most hobby?

4. The expression “I came from Nagoya.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?I was from Nagoya.I came here from Nagoya.I come from Nagoya.

5. The expression “When I was a student of high school.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?When I was in my high school days.When I was at high school.When I was at my high school days.

Look up and Speak A

A: Erm. Excuse me?B:A: Is anybody sitting here? B:A: Oh, okay, thanks. This is the room for the orientation, right? B:A: Oh, great, so we must be in the right place then. B:A: Ah, erm, linguistics. How about you? B:A: Oh, that sounds interesting. B:A: Oh, yeah, I know what you mean. Me too! B:A: Yeah, you’re right. By the way, I’m Michelle. I’ll talk to you later, okay? B:

A - 18

Saying It Better BTest your partner. Does your partner know how to say things in better English? Take turns to test each other and then help each other learn these better ways of saying things. Let your partner go first.

1. The expression “I belong to the tennis circle.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?I belong to the tennis group.I belong to the tennis square.I belong to the tennis club.

2. The expression “I'm going to enter the tennis club.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?I'm going to join the tennis club.I'm going to become the tennis club.I'm going to go in the tennis club.

3. The question “Where are you come from?” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?Where are you from?Where you are from?Where you came from?

4. The expression “My country is Nagoya.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?My city is Nagoya.My place is Nagoya.My hometown is Nagoya.

5. The expression “I dropped last year’s entrance exam.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?I fell down last year’s entrance exam.I failed last year’s entrance exam.I threw away last year’s entrance exam.

Look up and Speak B

A:B: Yeah. A:B: No, I don’t think so. Go ahead and take a seat. A:B: Yeah, I think so. That’s what I’m here for. A:B: I hope so. Er, so, what are you going to study? A:B: Me? Oh, my major’s going to be psychology. A:B: Thanks, I’m excited but nervous about starting university. A:B: Oh, the teacher is coming. It looks like we’re about to start. A:B: Yeah, nice to meet you, I’m Katie. Okay, talk to you later.

A - 19

Concordance Clozes After work in several London hotels and gambling ________s in the early 80’s he bought a pub.

He fractured his skull when he was hit by a golf ________ at school.

He turned to me and asked. “Now which athletic ________ are you going to join?”

If you would like to join the ________ and receive its newsletter, please send in the application form.

Jane was also treasurer, and a member of our ________.

Sadly, that was not even the last of the ________s to deny me membership.

That card was the ace of ________s, and Mr Roebuck won a fortune.

Viv Richards and I used to open the batting for the ________’s cricket team.

As you see, Jill is an energetic and ________ful infant.

He could ________ any musical instrument that existed.

It can be described in the same way as otherfictional forms, such as an opera, a ________, a film, or even a mime.

Laurence Fishburne starred in the role of Othello inthe 1995 film of Shakespeare’s ________.

Learning ________s a minor role in communicating and apparently is not itself affected by it.

Remember the old saying: All work and no ________ makes Jack a dull boy.

Robots can sing and ________ games, but they can’t love.

So you don’t actually mention that if you don’tleave now you’ll miss the first act of the ________, and he’ll be furious.

But for British Rail it is another useful ________ for the late running of their services.

Derek paused long enough to telephone Carol witha flimsy ________ for his absence.

Don’t make ________s, you weren’t concentrating.

I think I could be ________d for my mistake.

Mr. Eisen sent her out, then said, “ ________ me, I didn’t hear you?”

Please ________ me for interrupting, but I couldn’t help overhearing your conversation.

Sure. But that’s often the ________ rather than the reason.

You will have to ________ my ignorance, but what is it?

A - 20

‘I’ll be in my ________,’ he told her, and moments later she heard the

phone click, and his low voice and laughter.

‘Well, my dear Tess,’ said Angel with someenthusiasm, ‘I shall be only too glad to help you ________ history, for example…’

Fifty years of ________ have failed to produce one personality trait or set of qualities that can be used to distinguish between leaders and non-leaders.

Knowing how to use your head is not a subject youcan ________ for a written exam.

Now people say, ‘the more you ________, the poorer you are.’

The ________ involves observational fieldwork in different types of police stations.

They carried out a ________ of the rare Hector’s dolphin off New Zealand.

To be more productive, you need to ________ and learn from others.

________ how to say ‘no’!

And for those of you who want to ________ about Picasso, try the library or go to a museum.

But I soon ________t how to bake little cakes made of corn, which I ate with warm milk.

Emily and I want to go to Belgium, to ________ French.

I ________ed how to survive on just £1 a day.

People should ________ to like their bodies and live with their faults.

She had ________ed from experience that it was unwise to argue.

Well I did ________ to drive but I couldn’t pass the test.

‘We are not ________ed at the hip,’ Cabochon said, and smiled bitterly.

Clarice Connor, of Mexborough, South Yorks, has ________ed a keep-fit club — at the age of 98.

It usually costs £5 to ________.

Marie and Gazzer ________ed the back of the queue.

Members of the club ________ed in a wide range of activities and ate a healthy lunch at the Southlands Centre, Middlesbrough.

Now I was a man of property, the ________t owner of a large house in North Oxford.

They had ________ed up together in 1939 and, when Simon was killed at the Battle of Alamein, Bert died with him in spirit.

Your body aches, your limbs ache, your ________ts ache, you have a headache, and when the muscles contract, you begin to shake.

A - 21

Sentence WritingWrite sentences using the given words.

1. (join + club) __________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2. (join + in) ____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

3. (play) _______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

4. (study) ______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

5. (excuse + me + for) ____________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

6. (make + excuse) ______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

7. (no + excuse) ________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

8. (learn + about) ________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

9. (learn + to) ___________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

10.(learn + how) _________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

A - 22

Conversation from sentences In pairs or groups, write a conversation between two people meeting for the first time using some of the sentences from the Sentence Writing homework.

Notes

A - 23

Dialogue WordlistThis is a list of all the word families used in the dialogue that you will transcribe. Look through the list and look up any words you do not know in your English-English dictionary.

a1 32 33

about 2 2ah 1 1ahead 1 1all 2 2and 1 1around 1 1at 1 1be 0 28but 2 2by 2 2campus 1 1close 1 2come 0 1cool 2 2could 0 1economy 0 1erm 2 2find 1 1Finland 1 1first 1 1fly 0 2from 4 4

fun 1 1go 1 4good 1 1great 2 2guess 1 1hah 1 1here 6 6hour 1 3how 3 3huge 2 2I 17 17if 1 1it 8 8just 2 2know 4 4less 0 1like 2 2long 1 1many 1 1mm 2 2much 1 1nervous 1 1New Zealand 1 1

nice 3 3no 1 1not 1 2now 1 1oh 10 10okay 2 2over 1 1place 1 1problem 1 1psychology 1 1really 1 1right 1 1room 1 1same 2 2Sarah 1 1school 1 1sit 1 1so 5 5some 0 1sound 0 1start 1 2study 2 3talk 0 2

teach 0 1thank 1 3the 5 5think 0 1this 1 5three 1 1Tiina 1 1time 1 1tire 0 1to 5 5too 1 1use 0 1walk 0 1way 3 3we 1 1well 1 1what 2 2where 2 2whoa 1 1wow 1 1yeah 12 12yes 2 2you 10 10

1. A word family is group of closely related words. For example, the word family a consists of two words a and an, and the word family be consists of the words be, am, are, aren[’t], been, ’m, is, isn[’t], ’re, ’s, was, wasn[’t], were, weren[’t], being and beings.

2. The first column of numbers shows how many times the headword is used. The headword is the word shown on the left. For example, the headword a is used a total of three times. The headword be is not used at all.

3. The second column of numbers shows how many times a word family is used. For example, a and an are used a a total of 3 times (which means an is never used) and the words in the word family be are used 28 times.

A - 24

TranscriptionTwo students are attending an orientation at a university in London. They begin a conversation. Listen and transcribe the conversation.

Tiina: __… __ __ ___ _____ __ _ ___ ____? Sarah: __, __ _______, __ _____. Tiina: __, ______. … __, ___ ___ ___? Sarah: __, ____, _____ ___. ___ ___ ___? Tiina: _’_ ____, ______. __, ______ _______ _____ ________ ______.Sarah: ___, ____ ____. ____, _ ______’_ ____ ____ ____, _ ___ _______

______ ___ ____ ___ _____.Tiina: _ ____, __’_ _ ____ ______. [Sarah: I know.] __’_ ___ _____ ____ _’_

____.Sarah: ____, _ ____, ____ ____. __’_ ____ ___ __’_ ____. [Tiina: Yeah.]Tiina: __ ___ ___, _____ ___ ___ ____? Sarah: _’_ ____ ___ _______.Tiina: Whoa, ___ ____ _ ____ ___. Sarah: _ ____ __ ___ ____ _ 27-____ ______. [Tiina: Wow.] __ ___ ____ ______

___ …Tiina: ____.Sarah: ____ __ _____ _’_ ____ ___. Tiina: _____.Sarah: ____. _____ ___ ___ ____?Tiina: _’_ ____ _______, __ ______. Sarah: ____, ____ ___ _____.Tiina: ____.Sarah: ___ ____ _____’ ______ __ ____? Tiina: __’_ _____ _____ _____. Sarah: __, ____’_ ____. Tiina: ____, __ __ __ ____ ___ ___ _____ __ _____? Sarah: __, ___ _’_ _____ __ _____ ___ _________.Tiina: __, ____ ______ _____.Sarah: ___, _________ ______ _ _______. [Tiina: Yeah] ___ ____ ___ ___,

____.Tiina: ____.Sarah: ____ ___ ___ ________? Tiina: __________.Sarah: __, ____’_ ____.Tiina: __ __, ___ _______ __ ____.Sarah: __.Tiina: ____, _ _____ __’__ _____ __ _____. Sarah: ____ ____ _______ __ ___.Tiina: ____ _______ __ ___ ___. _’_ _____ __ ___ ___. Sarah: __, _’_ _____.Tiina: ____.

A - 25

Act it out

You will be given a scenario by your teacher. In pairs or groups you should write a script and prepare to act it out. You will find it very useful to look at the Useful Phrases and Sentences and Saying It Better sections.

Notes

A - 26

ReferenceUseful words and phrases (expressions)

Getting Attention

Erm.Erm, excuse me . . .

Erm, excuse me, but . . . Erm, sorry, but . . .

Greeting

Hi. Hello. Good morning/afternoon/evening.

Getting acquainted

Hi, my name’s ….Hi, I’m ….(Reply) Oh, hi, I’m ….

Where are you from?Where do you come from?

I’m from Sendai.I come from Sendai.

Further chatting while getting acquainted

What are you going to study?Do you live at home?Where are you living?

Are you planning to join any clubs?What clubs are you planning to join?What kind of music do you like?

Why did you decide to come to this university?

A - 27

Classroom Language


Vocabulary


Listening

• What naturally spoken English sounds like and how to under-stand it

Speaking

• How to get the teacher’s atten-

tion

• How to ask questions about language• How to make common classroom requests

• How to make excuses and give reasons

2

A - 28


A - 29

A - 30

Web of Words

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

durationkilllife

longoff

overperiodsparespendwaste

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

spell

sorry

time

castcharm

correctlyhow

magicperiodtroubleunderwords

wrongly

aboutawfullyfeelforI’mpatheticregretfulsoterriblyto

A - 31

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

explanationfor

forgiveherselfmake

meno

pleasereason

reasonable

bushitlong fornearnoticeomitoutoverlookpointtrain

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

awaybuckfailmakeonoutovertaketimetrainword

miss

excuse

pass

A - 32



Reduced form 1

1. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Reduced form 2

1. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

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Useful Sentences

1. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

6. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

7. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

8. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

9. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

10.___________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

A - 34

Conversation Dictogloss Your teacher will read you a short conversation. After you have listened to it, write the conversation.

Notes

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

A - 35


1. The question “What's this word's pronounce?” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?What pronounce this word?How do you pronounce this word?How's this word's pronounce?

2. The question “What is spell 'collocation'?” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?What's 'collocation's' spell?How's 'collocation's' spell?How do you spell 'collocation'?

3. The expression “Excuse me, Smith…” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?Excuse me, Mr. Smith…Hey Smith…Please excuse me, Smith…

4. The expression “I was cold last week” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?I was feeling cold last week.I had a cold last week.I had a sick last week.

5. The question “When's homework finish?” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?When's the homework due?When's the homework finish time?What time is the homework finish?

Look Up and Speak A

Teacher: Okay, that’s it for today. Any questions? Yes. Student:Teacher: Well, you should finish reading pages 22-25 in the textbook and finish answering the questions in the

hand-out from last week’s class. Student:Teacher: 22 to 25. Okay, any other questions? Student:Teacher: Sure, here it is. Anything else?Student:Teacher: Of course in English. Student:Teacher: Sure. Does anybody else have any questions?... No, okay, then I’ll see you next week. Have a nice

weekend. Student:Teacher: Bye.

A - 36


1. The question “What is 'collocation's' mean?” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?How's 'collocation's' mean?What means 'collocation'?What does 'collocation' mean?

2. The question “Can I have a print, please?” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?Can I have a handout, please?Can you give me a print, please?Can you print me, please

3. The expression “I'm sorry for late.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?I'm sorry for my late.I'm sorry for being late.I'm sorry because of my late.

4. The question “What's homework?” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?How is our homework for this week?What kind is our homework for this week?What's the homework for this week?

5. The expression “I'm sorry, no homework!” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?Oh no! No homework!I’m sorry, I didn't do my homework.I'm sorry. Nothing homework.

Look Up and Speak B

Teacher:Student: Erm… What’s the homework again?Teacher:Student: Erm… Sorry, what were the page numbers again? Teacher:Student: Er, yes, I was absent last week. Could you give me the hand-out from last week, please? Teacher:Student: Should I write down the answers in Japanese or English?Teacher:Student: Oh, okay, I understand. Thank you. Teacher: Student: You too. Bye bye. Teacher:

A - 37

Concordance Clozes ‘He’s helping me with my ________,’ said Camille.

But you’ve seen me doing my ________, haven’t you?

I mean, I’ve got some French ________ that was due in today.

I see you’ve done your ________.

I’m afraid they didn’t do their ________.

Let’s see your ________.

She did her ________ thoroughly, reading profusely.

Well I won’t have enough time by Friday I’ve got ________ to do every day.

________s are an inevitable source of stress.

All students had passed their ________s and were now working on projects.

David had awful ________ results at school despite his obvious intelligence.

He failed a university entrance ________.

He matched the record of six A-level passes atgrade A — AND got top marks in the Cambridge

entrance ________s.

I had the tutor for a year right until I took my ________s.

She says that Helen had to take 99 ________s to qualify as an astronaut.

The medical ________ is to find out if you are fit to fly.

________ at night was the best time to leave.

But we couldn’t help our train being ________.

I tried, but it was too ________ for sleep.

It was better ________ than never for the 12 lucky winners of a tennis holiday at the Sport Hotel in Eilat, Israel.

It was too little too ________.

It’s getting ________.

Sorry, sorry to be ________.

Workers under 35 years are the worst oversleepers,but overall women are more likely to be ________ than men, the survey found.

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After the death and resurrection of Jesus, the stories

about his life were ________ed on by word of mouth for some thirty years before the first Gospel was written.

Cycling-groups ________ed by on their way to the country.

GRAN Dot Ransom has ________ed her driving test at the first attempt — at the age of 70.

I don’t know whether I put my bus ________ in my pocket.

It ________es the time.

She must have ________ed out, but she had drunk so little.

There was frozen snow on the mountain ________ at the border with Germany.

They ________ed away within days of each other.

All you need to do then is ________ check it and print it out.

Bryant and Bradley conclude that a child’sawareness of the sounds in words ‘has a powerfulinfluence on their eventual success in learning to

read and ________.’

Do I have to ________ out to you how important this is to me?

How do you ________ stray?

It is just that I am trying to find ways of helping himthrough the first bad ________ of his career.

The afternoon will have some good sunny ________s, although a few showers are also possible.

The dyslexic singer says: ‘I can’t ________.’

The wizard would probably put a ________ on him, turning him into a frog.

‘I’m very ________ about your sister,’ he said awkwardly.

Everybody in Avonlea was ________ to hear that Matthew was dead.

I am ________ to say that some of them are dead now, and others are seriously ill.

I’m ________ not to be with you today.

I’m ________ but we can’t do it.

Oh I’m so ________!

She was kissing him only because she felt ________ for him, not because she liked him.

We were ________ to see her go.

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Sentence Writing

Write sentences using the given words.

1. (fall + asleep) ________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2. (sleep + over) ________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

3. (do + homework) ______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

4. (have + exams) _______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

5. (sorry + about) ________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

6. (sorry + for) __________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

7. (how + spell) _________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

8. (spelling + mistake) ___________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

9. (pass + driving test) ____________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

10.(miss + train) _________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

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Conversation from sentences In pairs or groups, write a conversation between a student and a teacher using some of the sentences from the Sentence Writing homework.

Notes

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a1 62 73

able 1 1actual 0 1again 1 1and 4 4any 1 1be 4 11between 1 1brown 2 2but 2 2collocation 2 3come 1 1could 1 1dictionary 1 1difference 2 2dog 3 3eat 1 1er 4 4example 2 2explain 1 1

find 2 2for 2 2form 0 4get 1 2hand 1 1have 1 1house 1 1I 3 3idiom 1 1if 1 1in 1 1it 1 1just 1 1let 1 1like 1 1lot 1 1lunch 1 1main 1 1make 1 1may 1 1

mean 0 1much 1 1new 2 2newspaper 1 1next 1 1okay 7 7on 1 1or 1 1other 1 1professor 1 1question 0 1right 4 4Schneider 1 1see 1 2should 1 1so 2 2some 0 1test 1 1thank 1 1the 6 6

they 1 2this 0 3to 2 2together 2 2two 1 1up 1 1very 2 2we 1 3week 1 1welcome 1 1well 1 1where 1 1will 0 1wonder 0 1word 7 9would 3 3yeah 1 1yes 2 2you 5 5

1. A word family is group of closely related words. For example, the word family a consists of two words a and an, and the word family collocation consists of the words collocation, collocations, collocate, collocates, collocat-ing and collocated.

2. The first column of numbers shows how many times the headword is used. The headword is the word shown on the left. For example, the headword a is used a total of 6 times. The headword actual is not used at all.

3. The second column of numbers shows how many times a word family is used. For example, a and an are used a a total of 7 times (which means an is used only once) and the words in the word family word are used 9 times.

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Transcription

A professor is coming to the end of his class. Listen and transcribe the conversation.

Professor: ____, __ ____ ____ __’__ ____ ___ ____. ___ _________?Chris: __, ____, _________ Schneider, __ ___ ____ _________ __ ___

_____ _______ __ __ _____ ___ __________ _______ collocations ___ ____ _________?

Professor: ____, _________ ____’__ ____ _______, ___ ___ ____ __________ __ ___________ _____ ____ ___ _____ . . . ___ ___ ____ ____ ________ _ ___, ___ _______, “_ ___ _ _____ ___.” “_____ ___.” ... __ ___ _____ ____, ____ _________ __ _____ ___ ___ _____ ____ ________ ___ ____ __ _____ __ ________ _ ___ ____, ___ ___ ______ __ ____ __ ____ ____ ___ ____ __ ___ __________, ___ _______, “___ _____.”

Chris: ____, __, __, ___’_ ___, _ ____ ____ “_________” _____ __ _ __ ____ _________?

Professor: ____’_ _____.Chris: ____.Professor: ___.Chris: ___ “___ __” _____ __ ____ _________?Professor: ___.Chris: ____. ___ __ “___ _____” _____ __ _ ___________?Professor: _____, _____, _____.Chris: ____, _ ___ __. ____. _____ ___ ____ ____.Professor: ___’__ _______.Chris: ____.

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Act it out


Notes

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NOTE

Never call a teacher by family name alone. This is very rude. You should use title and family name. If your teacher asks you to, you may use their first name without a title.

ReferenceUseful words and phrases

Getting the teacher’s attention

Excuse me, ...Mr. Smith Ms. Williams Doctor Johnson

Explaining lateness or absence

I’m sorry I’m late. The bus was late.

There was an accident on the Chuo Line.

I had a bad cold last week.

Requests to the teacher

May I have a handout, please?Could you explain that again, please?Could you explain the homework again, please?

I left my homework in my locker. May I go and get it?

May I go to the toilet/restroom, please?

I have a headache. May I be excused?I don’t feel well. May I go to the nurse’s office?

Requests and instructions from the teacher

Please pass your homework to the front.Take one and pass them on.

Turn off your mobile phones.Get in groups of three.

Write it on the (black)board.One person from each group go to the board.

Parting

See you next week.See you next Tuesday.

Have a good weekend. (usually at the end of Friday classes)

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Holiday Plans


Vocabulary


Listening

• What naturally spoken English sounds like and how to under-stand it

Speaking

• Greetings and replies to greetings• Ways to talk about future plans• Ways to end conversations• What to say when you leave people at the end of a conversa-

tion• Ways of saying things more naturally

3

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Web of Words

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

dayego

go onhallucinate

overreturnround

schoolshopping

take

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

summer

holiday

trip

earlyholidays

lastlate

monthsnexttermthis

vacationwinter

abroadbankChristmas go on onskiingsummer take time offvacation

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Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

bloodcash

currencyearnlend

makepapersave

spendspending

bloodedchocolatecolddogheadedhotlypopularredspicysprings

Collocation

Opposite

Similar Meaning

Word Formation

burnglasseshotlightriserisingshineshiningsunnytanned

hot

money

sun

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Reduced form 1

1. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Reduced form 2

1. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

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Useful Sentences

1. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

6. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

7. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

8. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

9. ____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

10.___________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

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Conversation DictoglossYour teacher will read you a short conversation. After you have listened to it, write the conversation.

Notes

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

A - 53


1. The expression “I'm going to play with my friends.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?I'm going to play out with my friends.I'm going to hang out by my friends.I'm going to hang out with my friends.

2. The expression “I want to get dark skin at the beach.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?I want to get a tan at the beach.I want to get tan skin at the beach.I want to get a dark skin at the beach.

3. The expression “I'm going to go to shopping with friends.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?

I'm going to go to shop with friends.I'm going to shopping with friends.I'm going to go shopping with friends.

4. The expression “I will part-time job tomorrow.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?I'm working tomorrow.I'm doing my job tomorrow.I will do my part-time job tomorrow.

5. The expression “I have a club activity this afternoon.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?This afternoon I have a club activity.I have a club meeting this afternoon.My club’s activity is this afternoon.

Look Up and Speak A

Vicki: Karen.KarenVicki: Hi. How are you? KarenVicki: I know, it’s been a long time. How have you been? KarenVicki: Yeah, me too. I can’t wait. You got any plans? KarenVicki: Oh, that sounds like fun. Where do you want to go? KarenVicki: Yeah, I’m going to Canada for a study abroad program. KarenVicki: Yes, it is expensive but I managed to save up most of it myself during the year. KarenVicki: Oh, me too. I’ve got tennis club practice. It was great to see you again. If I don’t see you

again before school ends, have a great summer. KarenVicki: Bye, take care.

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1. The expression “I'm going to go to the sea.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?I'm going to go to the beach.I'm going to go by the beach.I'm going to go by the sea.

2. The expression “I want to have relax time in the park.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?I want relax time in the park.I want to relax in the park.I want to be relaxing in the park.

3. The expression “I have a baito.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?I am a baito.I am a part.I have a part-time job.

4. The expression “I have a plan tomorrow morning.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?I'm doing something tomorrow morning.I'm planning tomorrow morning.I have a something tomorrow morning.

5. The expression “I'm going out with my lover tonight.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?I’m going out with my romance partner tonight.I’m going out with the person I am lovers with tonight.I’m going out with my boyfriend tonight.

Look Up and Speak B

Vicki:Karen Oh, hi Vicki. Vicki:Karen Not bad. Gosh, I haven’t seen you all semester. Vicki:Karen Oh, all right, the usual, studying and working. Getting excited about the summer vacation. Vicki:Karen Mmmm, nothing special but I might go on a trip somewhere with some friends. Vicki:Karen Well, we haven’t decided, but somewhere in Asia. Are you going anywhere this summer? Vicki:Karen Wow, that’s great. I really wanted to take part in one of the programs, but it was just too

much money. Vicki:Karen Good for you. ... Oh, look at the time. I have class in 5 minutes. I’ve got to run. Vicki:Karen Thanks, you too. Have a great time in Canada. See you! Vicki:

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Concordance Clozes Although British ________s are likely to become hotter and drier as a result

of the greenhouse effect, scientists don’t foresee major changes taking place for about 40 years.

During the ________ months weddings are the most popular function.

For those who love to do nothing but just soak upthe ________ sun, HCI's beaches and attractive pools are ideal

for relaxing and working on that tan.

It is warm all year round, with warm ________s, mild winters and moderate rainfall.

It was in the ________ of 1987 that Kylie’s pop career was launched.

She was wearing a short, ________y dress and no stockings.

So Ken set off this ________ to walk from St. Bees Head in Cumbria to Robin Hood's Bay.

The ________ holidays had begun and she had plenty of time to spend in the shop, helping Mr Evans.

Also staying there was her cousin Hugh, a boy ofthirteen whose parents were travelling ________.

Amanda Tay needed a combination of hard workand determination to face the challenge of studying ________.

For those holidays ________, we will sell you foreign currency, and buy back what you don’t spend, FREE of our usual charges.

He always stayed at a high-class hotel on trips ________.

Paul Traynor is a freelance journalist with 25 years’experience of walking and backpacking at home

and ________.

When were you last ________?

Will it be easier to work ________?

You see, all these foreigners come from ________ with germs we’re not used to.

A ________ is part of the skin’s defence against sun damage.

He was wearing a black leather jacket, a grey shirtwith white stripes, green trousers and light ________ shoes.

If your skin ________s easily — use a Sun Protection Factor greater than 6.

It is far safer to ________ slowly than to burn first.

Major certainly changed his life as he came backwith a lot more than just a sun ________.

My, you look well, have you been on holiday,you’ve got a ________.

So why not give your legs a golden glow with alittle fake ________?

We had to hire a dress, and I was the only one whowas pale; they had all got ________s on a sunbed.

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The little boy spent hours on the ________ with Grégoire, just swimming and talking and

playing.

I am on a ________, clean white sand, soft under my bare feet.

I think it’s time for my walk along the ________ before bedtime.

On the ________ at Clacton the sunbathers wear blankets.

One long sandy ________ surrounds a huge calm bay with crystal clear green water near the shore changing to blue as the sky deepens.

She wandered along a crowded ________, taking photographs of the sands, waterskiers and windsurfers, the tree-lined promenade and the backdrop of mountains beyond.

Sitting crossed legged, place the ________ ball between your elbows at shoulder level and squeeze 20 times.

We danced, we drank, we lay on the ________ telling stories.

________s should be fun.

Brian rarely took ________s, but most years Jean went off to such exotic spots as the Maldive Islands, the Seychelles or St Lucia.

For a ________ abroad you will need a valid passport.

If mum’s thoughts are turning to summer ________s and bathing suits, she might appreciate The Cellulite Diet which has tips on tackling any extra pounds.

It must be wonderful to go on ________ to a sunny country instead of staying in Britain.

Right now he's away on a skiing ________ catching the last of the snow.

She was on ________.

You start forgetting where you went on ________ last summer.

Never leave toys on stairs where someone could ________ and fall.

I keep thinking you might take some LSD and havea bad ________ and get scrambled-egg brains and never be the

same again.

And from Orcino beach you can take a day ________ south to see the fantastic Rock Spires.

Perhaps she was only going to warn her yet againnot to ________ over the electric cables.

I was going on the school ________ to the Norfolk Broads and needed some spending money.

Rushing around at the last minute trying to obtainforeign currency and travellers cheques is not the

best preparation for a business ________ abroad.

Mr Miller makes weekly shopping ________s to Middlesbrough and Redcar from his home in Carlin How in isolated east Cleveland.

He ________s up quite a bit when he’s walking along.

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Sentence WritingWrite sentences using the given words. (e.g. blue, moon)

1. (tan) ________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

2. (dead + easy) ________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

3. (on + beach) _________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

4. (go + abroad) ________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

5. (holiday + abroad) _____________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

6. (go on + trip + to) ______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

7. (trip + over) __________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

8. (this + summer) _______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

9. (temporary + job) ______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

10.(find + job) ___________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

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Conversation from sentences In pairs or groups, write a conversation between two people talking about their holiday plans using some of the sentences from the Sentence Writing homework.

Notes

A - 59


a1 62 63

about 1 1and 7 7any 1 4bad 1 1be 0 14beach 1 1because 1 1before 1 1begin 0 1bit 3 3boat 1 1bye 0 4can 2 2check 1 1close 1 1cool 0 1do 1 1during 1 1er 3 3erm 4 4especial 0 1Estonia 3 3ever 1 1exam 1 1far 1 1few 1 1

Finland 2 2first 1 1food 1 1for 2 2friend 1 1get 0 2go 3 6good 2 2Greece 2 2have 4 8here 1 1holiday 2 2home 1 1hopef 0 1how 1 1I 10 13if 1 1in 1 1interest 0 2it 6 6kind 1 1last 2 2late 1 1like 1 1Mediterranean 1 1mm 1 1money 1 1

never 2 2nice 1 1no 1 1north 1 1not 2 2now 1 1of 5 5off 3 3oh 5 5okay 4 4old 1 1on 1 1out 1 1over 1 1plan 0 1push 1 1really 4 4rest 1 1save 1 1say 0 1see 2 2september 1 1she 1 1should 1 1so 2 2sound 0 1spend 1 1

summer 3 3sun 0 1take 1 1the 11 11then 1 1there 3 3they 1 1thing 0 1think 0 1this 1 3time 1 1to 6 6too 2 2town 1 1uh huh 1 1want 1 1weather 1 1week 0 1well 3 3what 1 1why 1 1work 1 1would 0 1yeah 9 9year 1 1yep 2 2you 9 10

1. A word family is group of closely related words. For example, the word family a consists of two words a and an, and the word family friend consists of the words friend, friends, friendly, friendlier, friendliest, friendliness, friendship, unfriendly, unfriendlier, unfriendliest and unfriendliness.

2. The first column of numbers shows how many times the headword is used. The headword is the word shown on the left. For example, the headword a is used a total of 6 times. The headword actual is not used at all.

3. The second column of numbers shows how many times a word family is used. For example, a and an are used a a total of 6 times (which means an is not used) and the words in the word family be are used 14 times.

A - 60

Transcription

Two friends have a chat just after they finish their last exam. Listen and transcribe the conversation.

Martin: ____. ____, ____’_ __! ___ ____ ____, ___ _______ ______ ____!JP: ____, ____ ___. ___ ___ _____ ___ ____ ______?Martin: ___, _’_ _____ __ __ ____ ___ _ ___ _____, ____ [JP: Uh huh.] _

___, ____ _ ___ __ _____, ___ ____ ___ _________ __ ___ ___ _____ ___ ____ __ ___ ______ _______ ______ __ ___ _______ __ Greece.

JP: __, ______ ___________. ____ ___ ____ ____ [Martin: Yeah.] __ ______ ______?

Martin: __, __’_ ___ _____ ____. [JP: Oh.] _’__ _____ ____ __ ___ Mediterranean. ____, ___ _____ ___? ___ ___ ___ ________?

JP: ____, _’_ _____ __ Estonia.Martin: _______! [JP: Yeah.] ___ ___ _____!JP: ____.Martin: ____. ___ _______?JP: ____, ___ _ ____ ______ _______, __________ ______ ___

______. ___ _ ______ __ ____ ____ _____ ____ ____, ___ ___ ____ __ ___ ______ ____, __ _ _______ _’_ __ ___ _____ __ ___.

Martin: __, ____ ____ __ ______ ___ ___ __ _____?JP: __, ____, ___ ___ ____ __ ______ ___________, ___ ___ ____ ____

____ ____ ___, __ ____ ______ ____, ___ ___ __ ____ ___ ____ ____ __ _______ _______ __’_ ______ _____.

Martin: __, ____, _’__ ____ _____. JP: __, ___ ____? Martin: ____, ____’_ ___ ___. JP: __, _’__ _____ [Martin: Yeah.] _’__ ___ ____ __ _______.Martin: ____, ______, ___, _ ______ ____ ___ ___. __’_ _______ _ ___

____. __, __ ______, ____ _ ____ _______.JP: ____, ___ ___. ___ ___ __ _________.Martin: ___, ___ ___. ___ ___.JP: ___ ___.

A - 61

Act it out


Notes

A - 62

Reference

Useful words and phrases

Greeting

Hi. Hello.

Greeting replies

Hi.Oh, hi.

Hello.Oh, hello.

Asking about the other person

How are you?How are you doing?

How have you been? (You use this if you haven’t seen the other person for a long time.)

Replying

Fine. Pretty good. Not bad.

Repeating the question

And you? How about you? And yourself?

Questions about summer plans

Are you doing anything this summer?What are you doing this summer?

Do you have any plans for the summer holidays?

Are you going anywhere this summer?

Replies

I’m going back to my hometown. I’ve got a part-time job. I plan to go to Hong Kong with a couple of friends.

Ending the conversation

Oh, is that the time? + reasonOh, look at the time! + reason

Oh, what’s the time? + reason Er, well, I should probably move along and let you study for your test.

Reasons for ending the conversation

I’ve got a class at three o’clock.I’ve got to go.

I’ve got to run.I’ve got something I have to do.

I’ve got to be at work at three.It’s getting late.

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Parting

Nice to talk to you. Nice talking to you.

Promise to meet again

See you in September.Give me a ring when you get back.

Call me next term. Let’s get together in September.

Goodbye

OK, goodbye.OK, bye.

Goodbye.Bye.

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Documents

Communication Skills A - initial html filelab.twcu.ac.jp/languages/english/CSA/CSA.pdf · All the words in the word formation category are headwords in ordinary ... I came here from