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Company Overview
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
PhyTech
• PhyTech is a leader in Crop Monitoring.
• We have commercially available, patented, field proven new products desperately needed on a global basis.
• We moved from mainly R&D to a global marketing stage.
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Background
• Headquartered in Israel
• Established in 1998 by Kibbutz Yad-Mordechai.
• 20 Employees.
• Leading research company in Agricultural Crop Monitoring.
• International level advisory board.
• Sales in more than 30 countries world wide.
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
What we do?
We develop crop monitoring solutions that improve crop sustainability, yield and quality.
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Problems in Agriculture
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Problem Summary1. Land and water limitations
2. Increasing pollution due to indiscriminate irrigation
3. Poorly controllable sustainability and profitability
4. Lack of an on-line information channels about the current crop status. Disconnected character of the existing information sources.
The Problem
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
The Solution
PhyTech has developed andPhyTech has developed andmanufactured proven manufactured proven solutions addressing all four solutions addressing all four needs mentionedneeds mentioned
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
The Needs
1. Tailored soil and crop management to fit the specific conditions found within a plantation or agricultural field (Precision Agricultural).
2. Precise control of crop water status and growth in order to provide timely and discriminate application of water with fertilizers and other controllable factors
3. Ability to observe instantly and remotely the current crop status as well as its recent trend
4. A single computerized on line information channel, which replace a variety of disconnected information sources about the current crop status and growth.
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
The Solution
The Product – PhyTalk system
Phytalk system Overview
Internet
Radio orCellular
NetUser PC
Consultent
Sensors
Repeater
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
The Solution
27 Oct26 Oct 28 Oct 29 Oct 30 Oct 1 Nov 2 Nov
3 NovALLALLALL
Stress Detector # 17# 17 on Duty!ShanyRay Techno l ogies Lt d.
Number of days analyzed: 7Number of alarms: 4
DANGER!DANGER!
My Computer
LPS #14 LPS #17 LPS #26 LPS #99
Alarm Diary
9:00-12:00 Air VPD > 2 kPa
12:00-15:00 Leaf T > 3 4 C Air VPD > 4 kPa
15:00-16:00 Air VPD > 2 kPa Test # 1 negativ e
SSRR
3) Trial-and-errortesting of new regimes or treatments
27 Oct26 Oct 28 Oct 29 Oct 30 Oct 1 Nov 2 Nov
3 NovALLALLALL
Stress Detector # 17# 17 on Duty!ShanyRay Techno l ogies Lt d.
Number of days analyzed: 7Number of alarms: 4
DANGER!DANGER!
My Computer
LPS #14 LPS #17 LPS #26 LPS #99
Alarm Diary
9:00-12:00 Air VPD > 2 kPa
12:00-15:00 Leaf T > 3 4 C Air VPD > 4 kPa
15:00-16:00 Air VPD > 2 kPa Test # 1 negativ e
SSRR
Stress!
2) Detecting physiological disorders WARNINGSWARNINGS
cropcrop yieldyieldsample plantssample plants
27 Oct26 Oct 28 Oct 29 Oct 30 Oct 1 Nov 2 Nov
3 NovALLALLALL
Stress Detector # 17# 17 on Duty!ShanyRay Techno l ogies Lt d.
Number of days analyzed: 7Number of alarms: 4
DANGER!DANGER!
My Computer
LPS #14 LPS #17 LPS #26 LPS #99
Alarm Diary
9:00-12:00 Air VPD > 2 kPa
12:00-15:00 Leaf T > 34 C Air VPD > 4 kPa
15:00-16:00 Air VPD > 2 kPa Test # 1 negative
SSRR
1) Remote decision support
Intelligent Products – Application Techniques
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Plant sensors•Fruit growth•Stem growth•Stem diameter•Sap flow rate•Leaf temperature
Environmental•Solar radiation•Air temperature•Air humidity•Wind speed•Soil moisture
Products – PhyTalk Radio SensorsPhytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Graphical Software Multi-axis charts
Shows both measured and derived calculated variables
Presents both instant and daily average values
Products – PhyTalk SoftwarePhytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Intellectual Property Status SENSORS
•US Patent 6,937,162
•US Patent 6,701,665
•Patent Application 10/685,381
•6 PCT
DATA ACQUISITION EQUIPMENT
USER INTERFACE
APPLICATION TECHNIQUE
•Patent Application 2002/0170229 A1
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Uniqueness of the Product
The result of interdisciplinary R&D works, carried out
by outstanding experts on many crops during many years.
Almost every component has a certain advantage over commercial analogs.
Some sensors and software have no commercial analogs.
Complex combination of hardware, software, application techniques, and know-how. This allows to attribute the product to the category of on line information and decision-support system for crop growing.
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Some solutions developed by Phytech
Avocado: Precise irrigation according to the actual
plant needs for optimal production
Citrus:Time to Market protocol based on fruit size.
Wine Grapes: Precise irrigation according to desired
irrigation strategy by using stem growth trend before veraison and water potential at post-veraison (advanced alternative to
pressure chamber).
Vegetables:Tuning irrigation and climate control in
greenhouses on the basis of measured plant water status and fruit growth
The Market –Landscape Advantages
The Market
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
PhyTech Advantages
• Proven success in the field for many years
• Our products are commercially available.
• Our products and approach are well known and established.
• Focus on the needs of the users.
• Experienced crop monitoring involvement.
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Summary
• Proven technology
• Proven economical model
• Wide base of pleased customers
• Extensive data from real crops
• Solutions and agronomical support available directly from Phytech experts.
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Avocado
Daily contraction amplitude
Amplitude and trends of such variations is proportional to water deficit. Thus, the daily contraction amplitude (DCA) and trend of growth may be used as a criterion for scheduling of irrigation.
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
After years of practice in avocado we realize that dendrometers give the most accurate and up-to-date picture of the tree's water status in avocado. Growers that integrate dendrometer data, with soil moisture and climate parameters, have the optimal information platform to understand and to react to the tree's needs.
What is a Dendrometer ?
Dendrometer - an electronic sensor mounted on the trunk of the tree and allows for continuous monitoring of changes in its trunk radius.
Plant growth and water plant balance affect diurnal behavior of trunk radius. The growth rate depends on a vegetation stage and state, climatic conditions and soil moisture levels . The diurnal variations represent mostly fluctuations of water content in the plants.
Dendrometer on trees trunk
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Two parameters are commonly used for evaluating plant water status: daily contraction amplitude (DCA) and trend of daily growth.
Daily contraction amplitude )DCA(
Trend of daily growth
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Effect of irrigation frequency on trunk behavior Hass trees, Kibbutz Ramat Hashofet, Israel
Daily Irrigation
Irrigation twice a week
Two irrigation regime in subsequent years, in the same plot: 2009 – irrigation twice a week, 2010 – daily irrigation
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Irrigation in the winter period
Comparison of variants with epizodical watering at February 4, against the variant without irrigation (waiting for the rain) shows the possible loss of the fruit diameter of about 0.25 mm in 2-3 days. For several months, this situation could be repeated many times. The loss of the fruit can reach a diameter of several millimeters.
predication graph without irrigation
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Loss of the fuit diameter as a result of inaccurate irrigation in winter and at other periods of the year may reach a few millimeters.
Fine-tuning irrigation by phytomonitoring technology prevents unwanted loss of growth of the fruit.
The effectiveness of fine-tuning irrigation can be determined by the correlation between weight of the fruit and its diameter. Simple calculations show that in obtaining the additional increase in the fruit diameter even 3 mm, yield can increase in the range from 150 to 400 kg from one dunam. In most cases, it ranges from 10 to 20% of the total yield.
Correlation between fruit weight and diameter
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Mango
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Mango
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Mango trunk diameter growth in unstable climatic condition
Ramat Magshimim, Mature trees, Shelli varieties
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Two principal calculation of trunk diameter daily contraction (DCA): Base reference line using and
traditional calculation (Max-Min)
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
y = 0.0835x
R2 = 0.8688
y = 0.059x
R2 = 0.7305
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0 1 2 3 4 5
VPD, daytime only avg, kPa
MD
S,
mm
Two principal calculation of trunk diameter daily contraction: Base reference line using (blue line) and traditional
calculation (Max-Min, red line)
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
PersimmonPhytomonitoring observations were carried
out on
Triumph variety in ten orchards
Beit Oren, 2003-2008
Tel Nof , 2002-2006
Hosen, 2002-2008
Kfar Hitim, 2003-2005
Sde Nizzan, 2004-2007
Gan Efraim (Beit Ariza Mor Perot Hasharon), 2010-2011
Malkia, 2010-2011
Zrifin (Pri Or Mehadrin), 2002-2008
Nordia (2004-2007)
South Africa (2005-2007)
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Objectives:• Determination of the characteristic periods of plant growth and development
• Determination of the Phytomonitoring indices for adjusting irrigation regimes in every particular period
• Recommendation for application in irrigation practice
Phytomonitoring may help to answer the following questions:
1. When to start irrigation season
2. How to irrigate at air drought (‘khamsin’)
3. How to adjust irrigation during every
characteristic period of the growth season
4. How to irrigate after harvest
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
20-Jun 20-Jul 19-Aug 18-Sep 18-Oct 17-Nov
Fru
it m
m
Tel Nof Hosen Hitim
Beit Oren OF Beit Oren NH
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROLAdjustment of irrigation schedule:Adjustment of irrigation schedule:
Seasonal shape must be taken into Seasonal shape must be taken into considerationconsideration ! !
- 0 . 5
0
0 . 5
1
1 . 5
2
2 . 5
3
3 . 5
4
4 . 5
1 - Apr 1 - May 31 - May 30 - Jun 30 - Jul 29 - Aug 28 - Sep 28 - Oct
Trunk
,mm
Tel Nof Hosen Hitim Beit Oren
Trunk Fruit
Typical seasonal growth curve and characteristic Typical seasonal growth curve and characteristic periodsperiods
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL
RIPENINGFRUIT GROWTHBUDBRAKEBLOOMFRUITSET
IRRIGATIONTASK
PLANTSTATUS
INDEX
Irrigation start
Meet increasing
demand in water
Trunk growth rate
Meet increasing
demand in water
Trunk growth rate(basic)Fruit growth rate(auxiliary)
Adjustment Adjustment
Trunk growth rate
Fruit growth rate
Fruit growth rate
-10% irrigation
water
+10-15% irrigation water
Norm
Norm
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Irrigation adjustmentIrrigation adjustmentThree treatments with difference irrigation
120%80%
100%
-10% water for all treatments
According water
demand +12% water for all
treatments
Cultar
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Fruit diameter open field and net house comparison (Bet Oren 2007)
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Fruit diameter and weight
y = 9.3512e0.0385x
R2 = 0.9683
5060708090
100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240250
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85
Fruit diameter,mm
Fru
it w
eig
ht,
gra
mm
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL
DecadeAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptOctNov
10.20.20.350.50.70.650.750.3
20.20.250.370.60.70.650.650.3
30.20.30.420.650.70.650.60.2
Average0.20.250.380.60.70.650.670.27
Penman, Eo, mm/day
5.30.57.47.56.76.34.83.3
Required daily irrigation, mm
12.32.84.54.743.30.7
Month irrigation, mm
30708514014512310020
Running total, mm
30100185325470593693713
Crop irrigation coefficient and running total amount of water
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Irrigation norm and persimmon yield comparison: plot 5 – traditional irrigation, plot 6 –irrigation according Phytomonitoring
YearIrrigation, m3/dun
Yield, ton/dunFruit diameter more 60mm,
ton/dun
Export percentage
Plot 5Plot 6Plot 5Plot 6Plot 5Plot 6Plot 5Plot 6
20068307502.62.11.821.886971
20078767063.153.161.531.537477
20087905703.43.81.611.587370
Average8326763.053.11.651.667273
Water conservation
-20%
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL
1 x RS-ATH-5R1 x RS-ATH-5R Air TemperatureAir Temperature
and Humidity Sensorand Humidity Sensor(-10 to 50 °C ; 0 to 100 %RH)(-10 to 50 °C ; 0 to 100 %RH)
1 x RS-ATH-5R1 x RS-ATH-5R Air TemperatureAir Temperature
and Humidity Sensorand Humidity Sensor(-10 to 50 °C ; 0 to 100 %RH)(-10 to 50 °C ; 0 to 100 %RH)
2 x RS-FI-M Fruit Growth 2 x RS-FI-M Fruit Growth SensorSensor
(15 to 70 mm)(15 to 70 mm)
2 x RS-FI-M Fruit Growth 2 x RS-FI-M Fruit Growth SensorSensor
(15 to 70 mm)(15 to 70 mm)
11 x RS-DE-1R x RS-DE-1R DendrometerDendrometer(0 to 10 mm)(0 to 10 mm)
11 x RS-DE-1R x RS-DE-1R DendrometerDendrometer(0 to 10 mm)(0 to 10 mm)
2 x RSD-SMS-2R Soil 2 x RSD-SMS-2R Soil Moisture SensorMoisture Sensor
(0 to 50 vol. %)(0 to 50 vol. %)OROR
RS-TM-2R Twin RS-TM-2R Twin TensiometerTensiometer(0 to 84 cbar)(0 to 84 cbar)
2 x RSD-SMS-2R Soil 2 x RSD-SMS-2R Soil Moisture SensorMoisture Sensor
(0 to 50 vol. %)(0 to 50 vol. %)OROR
RS-TM-2R Twin RS-TM-2R Twin TensiometerTensiometer(0 to 84 cbar)(0 to 84 cbar)
StationaryStationaryData ConcentratorData Concentrator
StationaryStationaryData ConcentratorData Concentrator
Phytalk SystemPhytalk System
PhytoGraph™ PhytoGraph™ SoftwareSoftware
PhytoGraph™ PhytoGraph™ SoftwareSoftware
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Almond• Strategy of almond irrigation has three basic conditions: yield increase, almond kernel of larger diameter and kernel desirable quality.
• Researches of local and foreign experts show, that the increase of seasonal irrigation norm leads to growth of almond yield. In according to Asher Aizenkot (Israel) the increase of seasonal irrigation norm from 350 m3/dun up to 500 m3/dun provides yield increasing from 170 up to 220 kg/dun. The increase of irrigation norm up to 850 m3/dun provides an increase of yield already up to 280 kg/dun.
• Directly proportional dependence between irrigating water norm and yield of almonds are established also by other researchers (David A. Goldhammer, Terry Prichard, Black Sanden).
• On the other hand the yield increases provide some reduction of fruit diameter, and also their qualities.
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Materials and methods
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Comparison of trunk growth depending irrigation norm in different plant phase development
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Comparison of trunk growth and daily contraction depending irrigation norm in fruit growth phase development.
Period with the same irrigation norm
Phytech Ltd. - CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Calculation the true Daily contraction amplitude very important fore make the right decision to adjust irrigation.
We propose calculation method on the use of Base reference line.
Example on the pictures shown that traditional method (Max morning-Min afternoon) against propose method can lead to significant error in estimation of true Daily contraction.
Comparative calculation have shown that at high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) difference in the calculation may reach tens microns.