Comparison Between Ship Class

8/4/2019 Comparison Between Ship Class

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REPORT OF COMPARISON BETWEEN ABS AND SOLAS

NIK MUHAMMAD IZWAN BIN NIK IZHAM & MOHD ATOILLAH BIN HARON

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MARITIM LAW & SOLAS

TECHNICAL REPORT

COMPARISON BETWEEN CLASS RULE AND IMO

ORGANIZATION

INTRODUCTION

The American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) is a classification society, with a mission

to promote the security of life, property and the natural environment, primarily through

the development and verification of standards for the design, construction and

operational maintenance of marine-related facilities.

This report will show the comparing requirement between the rule and regulation

that ABS and SOLAS has require certifying the design, construction and operational of

marine-related facilities. Between SOLAS and ABS, the requirement set to be different.

The different is ABS rule and regulation requirement are more in detail compare to

requirement in SOLAS.

The topics that will be compared are Electrical Installation, Pumps and Piping

system, Steering Gear, and Double Bottom. As a result, we can differentiate the

different between ABS and SOLAS requirement where SOLAS only give us the

guideline but ABS, it give us detail requirement to certify the design, construction and

operational of marine-related facilities.

The topics that will be compared are just the examples that show us the different

between ABS and SOLAS. For SOLAS, we refer to the SOLAS, Consolidated 1997. For

ABS, we refer to the ABS rule and regulation in 2001.


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STEERINGGEAR

American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)

GENERAL

1. Application

In ABS, these requirements apply to vessels which have rule requires

upper rudder stock diameter less than 230 mm. For the upper rudder

stock diameter is 230 mm or above, the Rules for Building and Classing

steel Vessels are to be applied.

2. Main Steering Gear

In the ABS, the requirement for main steering gear is to be able of putting

the rudder from 35 on one side to 35 on the other side while the vessel is

running ahead at maximum continuous shaft rpm and at the summer load

waterline. Under the same situations, the time taken for the rudder to

change side from 35 on either side to 30 on the other side must not more

than 28 seconds.

3. Auxiliary Steering Gear

For the auxiliary steering gear, the requirement of ABS is the auxiliary

steering gear is to be able of putting the rudder from 15 on one side to

15 on the other side. The time taken for the rudder to change must not

more than 60 seconds while the vessel running ahead at half speed, or

seven knots, whichever is greater.

For both of the main steering gear and the auxiliary steering gear must be able ofoperating the rudder as required when the other power units is out of operation.

When the main steering gear comprises two or more power units, and is so

arranged that after a single failure in its piping system or in one of the power units the


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defect can be isolated so that the steering capability can be maintained or regained.

(ABS)

4. Steering GearCompartment UnitLocation

The location for both main and auxiliary steering gear must protect from

weather. It also states that the power units may be located either within or

outside the compartment containing the rudder actuators. If the hydraulic

fluid is loss and of the need to restore the operation of the main or the

auxiliary steering gear, the steering gear compartment must be provided

with handrails and gratings, or other non-slip surfaces, to ensureappropriate working conditions.

If the control system is failure, or the need to operate the main or the

auxiliary steering gear from within the steering compartment or from

positions other than the navigating bridge, vessels of 500 gross tons and

above are to be provided with a means to indicate the position of the

rudder at these positions where emergency steering is to be conducted.

MATERIALS

1. General

ABS is not accepting the use of gray cast iron or other material having an

elongation less than 12% in 50 mm.

2. Material Testing

The requirement of ABS for material tests for steering gear coupling bolts

and torque transmitting keys is need not to be witnessed by the Surveyor.


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COMMUNICATION

1. In ABS, it is state that a means of communication is to be provided between the

navigating bridge and all the other locations where steering can be affected, such

as the steering gear compartment and the space where the auxiliary steering

gear is to be operated as required.


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Safety ofLifeat Sea (SOLAS)

REGULATION 29

In this regulation, SOLAS state that every ship shall be provided with a main

steering gear and an auxiliary steering gear. The main steering gear and the

auxiliary steering gear shall be arranged that the failure of one of them will not

render the other one inoperative.

The main steering gear and rudder stock shall be:

i. Of adequate strength and capable of steering the ship at maximum ahead

service speed which shall be demonstrated.

ii. Capable of putting the rudder over from 35 on one side to 35 on the other

side with the ship at its deepest seagoing draught and running ahead at

maximum ahead service speed and, under the same conditions, from 35

on the other side to 30 on the other side in not more than 28s.

For the communication of the steering gear, its state that a means of

communication shall be provided between the navigation bridge and the steering

gear.

For the location of gear compartment unit, SOLAS does not state any requirement.


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ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

American Bureau of Shipping

General

1. Application

Electrical apparatus and wiring systems are to be constructed and

installed in accordance with the following requirements which applicable to

all ocean-going vessels but which may be modified for vessels classed for

limited service.2. Capacity ofgenerator

It state that if one of the generating set being stopped, it will still be

possible to provide normal operational conditions of propulsion and safety,

preservation of the cargo and minimum comfortable conditions of

habitability which are to include at least adequate services for cooking,

heating, domestic refrigeration, mechanical ventilation, sanitary and fresh

water without using the emergency source of power supply.

1. Emergencysources

a. For emergency lighting, ABS requires for period 3 hours and 18 hours. For

period 3 hours, the places that should be emergency lighting for a period

of three hours are as followed:

i. At muster and embarkation stations for the survival craft

ii. At the survival craft, their launching appliances and the area of

water into which they are to be launched.

b. For the period of 18 hours, the places that should be emergency lighting is

as followed:


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i. In all service and accommodation alleyways, stairways and exits,

personnel elevators and shaft.ii. In the machinery spaces and main generating stations including

their control positions.

iii. In all control stations, machinery control rooms, and at each main

and emergency switchboard.

iv. At all stowage positions for firemens outfit.

v. At the steering gear.

vi. At the fire pumps at the starting positions of their motors.


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Regulation41

State that a main source of electrical power of sufficient capacity to supply all

electrical auxiliary services necessary for maintaining the ship in normal

operational and habitable conditions will be ensured without recourse to the

emergency source of electrical power shall be provided.

The capacity of these generating sets shall be such that in the event of any one

generating sets shall be such that in the event of any one generating set being

stopped it will be possible to supply those services necessary to provide normal

operational conditions of propulsion and safety. Minimum comfortable conditions

of habitability shall also be ensured which include at least adequate services for

cooking, heating, sanitary, domestic refrigeration, mechanical ventilation and

fresh water.

Regulation42

The electrical power available shall be sufficient to supply all those services forsafety in an emergency and shall be capable to starting currents of supplying

simultaneously at least the following services for the periods specified:

Emergency lighting, for a period of 36 hour:

i. At every muster and embarkation station and over the sides as

required

ii. In alleyways, stairways, and exits giving access to the muster and

embarkation stations as required

iii. In all service and accommodation alleyways, stairways and exits,

personnel lift cars

iv. In the machinery spaces and main generating stations including

their control positions


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v. In all control stations machinery control rooms, and at each main

and emergency switchboardvi. At all stowage position for firemens outfits

vii. At the steering gear

viii. At the fire pump, the sprinkler pump and the emergency bilge pump

and at the position of their motors.


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DOUBLE BOTTOMS


State those inner bottoms are to be fitted fore and aft between the peaks or as

practicable in vessels of ordinary design of 500 G tones.

The requirement also including the structure of center girder, side girders, floors,

frames, struts, inner bottom plating and much more.

ABS also states the calculations for the every scantling. Thus, the requirement

for every scantling must be not or not less than the value of the calculation.

The calculations are for the thickness, depth, section modulus, permissible load

and all the things that may be affected the scantling and the vessels stability.


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Regulation 12

Double bottoms construction in SOLAS said to be fitted extending from the

forepeak bulkhead to the after peak bulkhead as far as this is practicable and

compatible with the design and proper working of the ship.

The requirement in SOLAS is state for the passenger ships of 50 m and upward

but less than 61 m in length, ships of 61 m and upward but less than 76 m in

length and in ships of 76m in length and upwards.

But the requirement is not same to those different lengthsof the ships. The

different the length of the vessels, the different the requirement from SOLAS.

The requirement also state for the cargo ships other than tankers but it not state

for any specific length of the cargo ships other than tanker.


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PUMPS AND PIPING SYSTEMS


General

For self-propelled vessels 500 gross tons and above, the following pumps are to meet the test

requirements of hydrostatic test and capacity test:

y Fire pump

y Bilge pump

y Ballast pump

y Hydraulic pumps for steering gear, anchor windlass and variable pitch propellers

y Pumps associated with inert gas systems ( Fuel oil pumps for boilers, inert gas

generators, Cooling water pumps for flue gas scrubber )

The tests are to be carried out at the manufacturers plant in the presence of the Surveyor

Pressure Tests

In addition to the testing and inspection of materials, as required in Chapter 3 of the ABS Rule

Requirements for Materials and Welding Part 2, the following tests on the fabricated piping

are to be witnessed by the Surveyor after bending and the attachment of flanges.

y Fuel Oil Service System

y Fuel Oil Suction and Transfer Lines

y Starting Air Piping

y Cargo Oil Piping


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Metallic Pipe

For the metallic pipe ABS state that for Group 1 piping systems are to be tested in the presence

of and inspected by the Surveyor. Group 1 piping system is :-

y Steel pipe

y Copper pipe

y Brass pipe

Maximum Allowable Working Pressure and Minimum Thickness calculation that ABS

provided

( ref : ABS 2001/4-4-2/5.9 )


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Working Pressure and Thickness Alternative Consideration provided by ABS

( ref : ABS 2001/4-4-2/5.11 table 1)


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PLASTIC PIPE

In ABS the addition for plastic pipe has state in detailed. The calculation for internal pressure isgiven, the addition of fire testing for level 1,2 and 3. ABS has given guideline to installation of

plastic pipe and testing afer onboard also need to be test

Design Internal pressure calculation

( ref : ABS 2001 /4-4-2 /7.5.1)

Tests by the Manufacturer Fire Endurance Testing of Plastic Piping in the Dry

Condition (For Level 1 and Level 2)

( ref : ABS 2001 / 4-4-2 / 7.13 )


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Test by Manufacturer Fire Endurance Testing of Water-Filled Plastic Piping

(For Level 3)

Test method

( ref : ABS 2001 / 4-4-2 / 7.15.1-figure 1 )

( ref : ABS 2001 / 4-4-2 / 7.15.1(e)-figure 2 )


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Testing On Board After Installation

Testing need to be satisfaction of the Surveyor.


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Material of Valves and Fittings

ABS have give the type of material and guideline the following material for valves and fitting : -

y Forged or cast steel

y Cast iron

y Ductile iron

y Brass and bronze

y Plastic

Valves

In ABS state there are standard and non-standard valves. The construction for valves also is

given in detailed in part 4, chapter 4, section 2, 11.3 ( construction ). The hydrostatic test also

need to be done.


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Pipe Fittings

All fittings in Group I piping are to have flanged or welded ends in sizes over 89 mm O.D. (3 in.

N.P.S.). Screwed fittings may be used in Group I piping systems provided the temperature does

not exceed 496C (925F) and the pressure does not exceed the maximum pressure indicated

below for the pipe size.

( ref : ABS 2001 / 4-4-2 / 13.1 )

The pipe fitting in ABS state that the all fitting need to to be subjected by the manufacturer to a

hydrostatic test at a pressure equal to that stipulated by the American National Standards

Institute or other recognized standard.


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Scuppers and Drains

ABS is given detailed for how to discharge through shell, Scuppers and Discharges below the

Freeboard Deck, Scuppers from Superstructures or Deckhouses

Vessels Receiving Subdivision Loadlines

(ref : ABS 2001/ 4-4-2 /23.7-Figure 3 )


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SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA CONVENTION - SOLAS

Chapter II-1: Construction-Regulation 33

Steam pipe systems

1. Every steam pipe and every fitting connected thereto through which steam may pass

shall be so designed, constructed and installed as to withstand the maximum working

stresses to which it may be subjected.

2. Means shall be provided for draining every steam pipe in which dangerous water

hammer action might otherwise occur.

3. If a steam pipe or fitting may receive steam from any source at a higher pressure than

that for which it is designed a suitable reducing valve, relief valve and pressure gauge

shall be fitted.


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CONCLUSION

From our research we found that ABS have add more installation, calculation and many

improvement to improve the guideline to building the ship because SOLAS guideline is not

focusing in building but focusing in regulation.

As the conclusion from our comparison between SOLAS ( safety of life at sea convention ) and

ABS ( American bureau Shipping ) generally we can conclude that SOLAS is more focusing for

the safety of life and give less detailed about how to build a ship. While we found that ABS is

give more detailed about how to build a ship but we found that ABS is use SOLAS as their

guideline for regulation. So we conclude SOLAS is a guideline for regulation for ship and ABS is

guideline to build a ship according to SOLAS guideline and other IMO guideline.

Documents

Comparison Between Ship Class