34
SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000 Compliance Status BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY Chapter 3 Brookhaven National Laboratory is subject to more than 50 sets of federal, state, and local environmental regulations; 65 site-specific permits; and several other binding agreements. In 2000, BNL operated in compliance with the majority of these requirements, and programs are in place to address areas for continued improvement. Emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide were all within permit limits. Approximately 3,300 pounds (1,500 kg) of ozone- depleting refrigerants were recovered for recycling. Monitoring of the BNL potable water system showed that the potable water supply met all regulatory requirements. Groundwater monitoring at the Major Petroleum Facility continues to demonstrate that current oil storage and transfer operations are not impacting groundwater quality. During 2000, liquid effluents discharged to surface water and groundwater met all New York State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit requirements with the exception of 11 excursions: 8 at the Sewage Treatment Plant and 3 at other outfalls. All permit excursions were reported to the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC). Fourteen reportable spills of petroleum products occurred onsite in 2000. The majority were less than ten gallons, and all were cleaned up or addressed to the satisfaction of the NYSDEC. In addition to petroleum spills, two other hazardous substances were released in amounts that required reporting to the appropriate regulatory agencies. These were a 5-gallon (18.9 liters) release of spent photographic developer and a leak of 8 pounds (3.6 kg) of mercury. Both spills were cleaned up immediately. BNL underwent 13 environmental audits by external regulatory agencies in 2000. These included review of petroleum storage, hazardous waste operations, air emissions from the Central Steam Facility, and inspections of the Sewage Treatment Plant, outfalls/recharge basins, and potable water system. The NYSDEC hazardous waste inspection resulted in issuance of a Notice of Violation. Immediate corrective actions were taken to address all concerns. The Major Petroleum Facility was found to be in substantial compliance with the license; however, several minor issues were identified. Corrective actions were implemented to address these issues.

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3-1 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

ComplianceStatus

B R O O K H A V E N

N A T I O N A L

L A B O R A T O R Y

Chapter 3

Brookhaven National Laboratory is subject to more than 50 sets of federal,

state, and local environmental regulations; 65 site-specific permits; and

several other binding agreements. In 2000, BNL operated in compliance

with the majority of these requirements, and programs are in place to

address areas for continued improvement.

Emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide were all

within permit limits. Approximately 3,300 pounds (1,500 kg) of ozone-

depleting refrigerants were recovered for recycling. Monitoring of the

BNL potable water system showed that the potable water supply met all

regulatory requirements. Groundwater monitoring at the Major Petroleum

Facility continues to demonstrate that current oil storage and transfer

operations are not impacting groundwater quality. During 2000, liquid

effluents discharged to surface water and groundwater met all New York

State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit requirements with

the exception of 11 excursions: 8 at the Sewage Treatment Plant and 3

at other outfalls. All permit excursions were reported to the New York

State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC).

Fourteen reportable spills of petroleum products occurred onsite in 2000.

The majority were less than ten gallons, and all were cleaned up or

addressed to the satisfaction of the NYSDEC. In addition to petroleum

spills, two other hazardous substances were released in amounts that

required reporting to the appropriate regulatory agencies. These were a

5-gallon (18.9 liters) release of spent photographic developer and a leak of

8 pounds (3.6 kg) of mercury. Both spills were cleaned up immediately.

BNL underwent 13 environmental audits by external regulatory agencies

in 2000. These included review of petroleum storage, hazardous waste

operations, air emissions from the Central Steam Facility, and inspections

of the Sewage Treatment Plant, outfalls/recharge basins, and potable water

system. The NYSDEC hazardous waste inspection resulted in issuance of

a Notice of Violation. Immediate corrective actions were taken to address

all concerns. The Major Petroleum Facility was found to be in substantial

compliance with the license; however, several minor issues were identified.

Corrective actions were implemented to address these issues.

3-2SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

3.1 COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENTALREQUIREMENTS

Brookhaven National Laboratory issubject to more than 50 sets of federal, state,and local environmental regulations; 65 site-specific permits; and several other bindingagreements. The federal, state, and localenvironmental statutes and regulations thatBNL operates under are summarized in Table3-1, along with a discussion of BNL’s compli-ance status with regard to each requirement.

3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS

3.2.1 EXISTING PERMITS

Many processes and facilities at BNLoperate under permits issued by environmentalregulatory agencies. These permits include:� State Pollutant Discharge Elimination

System (SPDES) permit,� Major Petroleum Facility (MPF) License,� Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

(RCRA) permit for the Waste ManagementFacility,

� Registration certificate from the New YorkState Department of Environmental Conser-vation (NYSDEC) for tanks storing bulkquantities of hazardous substances,

� NYSDEC certificates for two registeredgasoline vapor recovery systems,

� Seven radiological emission authorizationsissued under the National Emission Stan-dards for Hazardous Air Pollutants(NESHAPs) by the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA),

� Forty-seven Certificates to Operate airemission sources from the NYSDEC,

� One NYSDEC NESHAPs permit for asbestosemissions from the Inhalation ToxicologyFacility,

� Two permits for construction activitieswithin the Peconic River corridor,

� An Underground Injection Control (UIC)Area permit for the operation of 90 wells,

� A permit for the operation of six domesticwater supply wells.

Table 3-2 provides a complete listing ofthese permits. In addition to those listed, theoperation of six groundwater pump and treatsystems installed under the InteragencyAgreement (Federal Facility Agreement underCERCLA 120, Admin Docket No. II-CERCLA-

FFA-00201) is authorized under SPDES and airemission equivalency permits.

In addition to the operating permits,permits are periodically acquired for construc-tion activities. These include well-point dewa-tering, freshwater wetland, and Wild, Scenic,and Recreational River System Act permits. In2000, two permit applications were filed withthe NYSDEC for work at the Relativistic HeavyIon Collider (RHIC) facility. The projectsincluded construction of a security fencearound the perimeter of the RHIC and theextension of sanitary sewers to the RHICfacilities. Since both projects required crossingthe Peconic River, freshwater wetlands, andWild, Scenic, and Recreational River SystemAct permits were required.

3.2.2 NEW OR MODIFIED PERMITS, OR PERMITMODIFICATION REQUESTS

3.2.2.1 STATE POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATIONSYSTEM (SPDES)

The SPDES permit authorizes dischargesfrom the BNL Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)to the Peconic River, and discharges of coolingand stormwater to recharge basins includingthose from the RHIC facilities. In November,the Laboratory submitted a request to changethe cooling tower corrosion preventionadditives. In accordance with the conditionsof the permit, all corrosion control chemicalsmust be reviewed and approved by theNYSDEC. While it is believed that the pro-posed chemicals are more environmentallybenign than existing products, the NYSDECrequested additional information regardingthese additives. This review is still pending.

3.2.2.2 AIR

Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA).During 2000, BNL maintained two state airequivalency permits for environmental restora-tion projects conducted under CERCLA.These are:� Operable Unit (OU) I: In December 1998,

NYSDEC issued an equivalency permit forthe operation of a high vacuum thermaldesorption unit. The unit was approved forprocessing mercury-contaminated mixedsoil waste recovered from the OU I Chemi-cal Holes area. It was used from Januarythrough mid-summer 2000, at which time allof the waste had been processed.

3-3 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

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3-4SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

� Operable Unit (OU) III: In November 2000,an equivalency permit application wassubmitted to the NYSDEC for a newlyconstructed in-well air stripping treatmentsystem designed to remediate groundwatercontaminated with volatile organic com-pounds in OU III. The application wasprepared to demonstrate that anticipatedairborne emissions associated with thesystem are properly controlled in conform-

ance with 6 NYCRR 212 air pollutioncontrol requirements. The treatment systemdid not operate in 2000.

Clean Air Act Title V. Under the Clean AirAct (CAA), BNL is defined as a major sourceof criteria pollutant (NOx, SOx ) emissions andis required to obtain a Title V operatingpermit. This permit will consolidate allemission sources and all applicable federal andstate regulatory requirements into a single

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3-5 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

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3-6SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

document. The permit application wasoriginally filed in December 1998. Aftercompleting an initial quality assurance reviewof the application, NYSDEC forwarded anAdministrative Error Report to BNL in June1999. The report identified administrativeerrors that BNL needed to address before theapplication could be considered complete.The administrative errors in the BNL applica-tion were corrected and some minor revisionswere made to the application to captureemission sources that were identified duringthe Process Evaluation Project (see Chapter 2,Section 2.2.2 for a description of this project).An amended permit application was submittedto the NYSDEC in February 2000. Staff fromthe NYSDEC have examined the revisedapplication and indicated that they expect toissue a draft Title V permit to BNL by the endof June 2001.

3.2.2.3 UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL (UIC)

Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, BNLwas required to apply for and obtain an AreaPermit for underground injection controlwells (e.g., drywells, cesspools, leaching pools).The application required the submittal of anArea permit application, a complete inventory

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of all UICs, and a map depicting the locationof each of the UICs. An application wasinitially filed in December 1998 and revised inSeptember 1999. The application was ap-proved in August 2000 with the issuance of adraft permit. A final permit was issued inJanuary 2001. This permit authorizes theoperation of 90 UICs, including 86 stormwaterdrywells and 4 small sanitary systems.

3.3 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT (NEPA)

NEPA regulations require federal agenciesto follow a prescribed process to evaluate theimpacts of proposed major federal activities onthe environment. This process ensures that theproper level of environmental review is per-formed before an irreversible commitment ofresources is made. During 2000, environmentalevaluations were completed for 89 proposedprojects. Of these, 71 were considered minoractions requiring no additional documentation.The remaining 18 projects were addressedthrough submission of Environmental Evalua-tion Notification Forms to the U.S. Departmentof Energy (DOE), all resulted in the determina-tion that they were covered by existing Cat-egorical Exclusions as defined by 10 CFR 1021.

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3-7 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

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Preparation of an Environmental Assessmentto evaluate proposed upgrades to the NationalSynchrotron Light Source, Accelerator TestFacility, and the Source Development Labcontinued in 2000.

3.4 NATIONAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION ACT ANDARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE PROTECTION ACT

BNL is subject to several cultural resourcelaws, most notably the National HistoricPreservation Act and the ArcheologicalResource Protection Act. These acts requirefederal agencies to identify, evaluate, andconsider the effects of federal actions onhistorical and archeological sites eligible forlisting or inclusion on the National Register ofHistoric Places. The sites may include historicstructures, objects, documents, and NativeAmerican Indian lands.

The Laboratory currently has threestructures or sites that have been determinedto be either eligible for listing (theBrookhaven Graphite Research Reactor[BGRR] complex and the World War I train-ing trenches associated with Camp Upton), ormay be eligible (the Cosmotron). In January2000 the New York State Historic PreservationOfficer concurred with BNL’s determinationthat WW II era Building 577, located at theSewage Treatment Plant, was not eligible forlisting on the National Register of HistoricPlaces.

During 2000, activities associated withcultural resource management included thefollowing:� A contract was issued to perform an archi-

tectural inventory of BNL buildings andstructures in order to identify and evaluateproperties for their historic value. Thefield survey of approximately 440 BNLstructures has been completed.

� The location of additional networks ofWW I training trenches were identified in2000. The Laboratory also researchedholdings related to Camp Upton at boththe Suffolk County Historical Society andthe Longwood Public Library.

� A Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) forthe Mitigation of the Decommissioning ofthe BGRR (Desmarais 2000) was approvedand signed. BNL began developing themitigation packages associated with theBGRR MOA, including initiating produc-

tion of a BGRR history video documentaryand contracting the services of a profes-sional archivist to start development of aBGRR Researcher’s Guide.

� The concept for a Camp Upton HistoricMuseum Complex was described in the BNLSite Master Plan issued in 2000 (BNL 2000).The museum complex was also designatedas an official project of Save America’sTreasures, which is a White House Millen-nium Council initiative partnered with theNational Trust for Historic Preservation(Green 2000).

� Completion of the annual Department ofInterior questionnaire regarding historic/cultural resources.

Additionally in 2000, a project work planfor the development of a Cultural ResourcesManagement Plan was submitted to the DOEBrookhaven Area Office for review. A Cul-tural Resource Management Plan will providestandards for BNL to efficiently managehistoric structures/objects located on BNLproperty (see Chapter 6, Section 6.9 foradditional information).

3.5 CLEAN AIR ACT (CAA)

The objectives of the CAA (administeredby the EPA and NYSDEC) are to improve ormaintain regional ambient air qualitythrough operational and engineering controlson stationary or mobile sources of air pollu-tion. Both conventional and hazardous airpollutants are regulated under the CAA.

3.5.1 CONVENTIONAL AIR POLLUTANTS

BNL has a variety of nonradioactive airemission sources that are subject to federal orstate regulations. The following subsectionsdescribe the most significant sources and themethods used by the Laboratory to complywith the applicable regulatory requirements.

3.5.1.1 REASONABLE AVAILABLE CONTROLTECHNOLOGY (RACT)

BNL has four boilers (Nos. 1A, 5, 6, and 7)located at the Central Steam Facility that aresubject to NYSDEC RACT requirements. Allboilers, except for 1A, are bi-fuel and can burneither residual fuel oil or natural gas. Naturalgas was the predominant fuel burned in Boiler6, while Boilers 5 and 7 burned mostly lownitrogen and sulfur content residual fuel oil.

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RACT requirements establish emissionstandards for oxides of nitrogen (NOx) forboilers with maximum operating heat inputsgreater than or equal to 50 MMBtu/hr (14.6MW). Compliance requirements are basedupon the size of the boilers. Boilers with amaximum operating heat input between 50and 250 MMBtu/hr (14.6 and 73.2 MW) candemonstrate compliance using periodicemissions tests or by using continuous emis-sion monitoring equipment. Emission testsconducted in 1995 confirmed that BNLBoilers 1A and 5, both of which have maxi-mum operating heat inputs less than 250MMBtu/hr (73.2 MW), met the NOx emissionstandards when burning low nitrogen andsulfur content residual fuel oil (below 0.3%).To ensure continued compliance, an outsidecontractor laboratory analyzed compositesamples of fuel deliveries (collected quarterly)and confirmed that the fuel-bound nitrogenand sulfur content met these requirements.Compliance with the 0.30 lbs/MMBtu (130ng/J) NOx emissions standards for Boilers 6and 7 was demonstrated by continuousemission monitoring of the flue gas. For theyear 2000, NOx emissions from Boilers 6 and 7averaged 0.120 lbs/MMBtu (52 ng/J) and0.232 lbs/MMBtu (101 ng/J), respectively, andthere were no recorded exceedances of theNOx emissions standard for either boiler.

3.5.1.2 OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES

All refrigerant recovery and recyclingequipment used by refrigerant service techni-cians is certified to meet refrigerant evacua-tion levels specified by 40 CFR 82.158. Underthe preventative maintenance program,refrigeration and air conditioning equipmentcontaining ozone-depleting substances isregularly inspected and maintained. As amatter of standard practice, if a refrigerantleak is found, technicians will either immedi-ately repair the leak, or isolate the leak andprepare a work order for the needed repairs.This practice exceeds the leak repair provi-sions of 40 CFR 82.156.

Approximately 1,710 pounds (776 kg) of R-11, 12 pounds (5 kg) of R-12, and 434 pounds(197 kg) of R-22 refrigerants were recoveredand reclaimed for future use from equipmentthat was serviced during 2000. More than1,160 pounds (526 kg) of R-11 were recoveredand sent out for reclamation when a 165-ton

(149.7 metric tons) and a 350-ton (317.5 metrictons) centrifugal chiller were dismantled andreplaced with new 320-ton (290.3 metric tons)and 450-ton (408.2 metric tons) R-123 chillerunits, respectively.

3.5.1.3 HALON

Halon 1211 and 1301 are extremely efficientfire suppressants but are no longer acceptableextinguishing media due to their impact on theearth’s ozone layer. In 1998 BNL purchasedrecovery/recycling equipment to comply withthe halon recovery and recycling requirementsof the CAA, 40 CFR 82 Subpart H. Halonrecovery/recycling devices are used whenportable fire extinguishers or fixed systems areremoved from service and during periodichydrostatic testing of halon cylinders. In 2000,the device was used to recover Halon 1211 fromone portable fire extinguisher that was takenout of service and replaced with an ABC drychemical extinguisher.

3.5.2 NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FORHAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS (NESHAPS)

In 1970 the CAA established standards toprotect the general public from pollutantsthat may result in an increase in mortality oran increase in serious irreversible or incapaci-tating illnesses. These regulations, known asNESHAPs, were updated significantly in 1990.To protect against the effects of these pollut-ants, EPA developed a program to limitemissions of 189 toxic air pollutants. Thisprogram includes a list of regulated contami-nants, a schedule for implementation ofcontrol requirements, aggressive technology-based emission standards, industry specificrequirements, special permitting provisions,and a program to address accidental releases.The following subsections describe BNL’scompliance with NESHAPs regulations.

3.5.2.1 MAXIMUM AVAILABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

During preparation of the BNL Title VPhase II application, the Laboratory reviewedexisting state and federal regulations adminis-tered under the CAA to determine applicabil-ity to BNL activities and operations. Based onthis review, it was concluded no proposed orpromulgated Maximum Available ControlTechnology standards were applicable to BNLoperations. Additional evaluation conductedin 2000 determined that no Maximum Avail-

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able Control Technology standards wereapplicable to anticipated emissions fromproposed activities or operations.

3.5.2.2 ASBESTOS

As required, BNL provided advance noticeto the EPA Region II office regarding thedemolition of three structures, none of whichwere constructed with asbestos containingmaterials. The Laboratory also provided theEPA with an annual notice of unscheduledsmall renovations for 2000 involving asbestoscontaining materials. During 2000, 821 linearfeet (299 meters) of asbestos-containing pipeinsulation and 23 square feet (2.1 squaremeters) of asbestos-containing surface mate-rial were removed and disposed of in accor-dance with requirements.

3.5.2.3 RADIOACTIVE AIRBORNE EMISSIONS

Emissions of radiological contaminants areevaluated, and if necessary monitored, toensure that there is no impact to the environ-ment resulting from these emissions. A fulldescription of the monitoring conducted in2000 is provided in Chapter 4. All data pertain-ing to radioactive air emissions and dosecalculations were transmitted to EPA onschedule, in fulfillment of the June 30 annualreporting requirement. In 2000, the maximumoffsite dose due to airborne radioactive emis-sions from the Laboratory continued to be farbelow the 10 mrem (100 �Sv) annual dose limitspecified in 40 CFR 61 Subpart H (see Chapter4 for more information on the estimated airdose). The dose to the maximally exposedindividual resulting from airborne emissions,calculated using EPA’s CAP88-PC (CAA Assess-ment Package-2000) model, was 0.18 mrem (1.8�SV) (see Section 8.2.4).

3.6 CLEAN WATER ACT (CWA)

The disposal of wastewater by Laboratoryoperations is regulated under the CWA, asimplemented by NYSDEC and under DOEOrder 5400.5 (1990). The goal of the CWA isto achieve a level of water quality that pro-motes the propagation of fish, shellfish, andwildlife; to provide waters suitable for recre-ational purposes; and to eliminate the dis-charge of pollutants into surface waters. NewYork State was delegated CWA authority in1975. The NYSDEC SPDES permit regulateswastewater effluents at BNL. This permit

establishes release concentration limits andspecifies monitoring requirements.

The BNL SPDES permit was renewed inSeptember 1999 with an effective date ofMarch 1, 2000. This permit provides monitor-ing requirements and specifies effluent limitsfor 12 of 14 outfalls:� Outfall 001 is the discharge of treated

effluent from the Sewage Treatment Plant(STP) to the Peconic River.

� Outfalls 002, 002A, 002B, 003, 004, 005,006A, 006B, 008, 010, and 011 are rechargebasins used for the discharge of coolingtower blowdown, once-through coolingwater, and/or stormwater. There was nomonitoring of Outfalls 002A and 002B in2000 since the RHIC cooling towers oper-ated infrequently. No monitoring require-ments are imposed for Outfall 011.

� Outfall 007 receives backwash water fromthe potable Water Treatment Plant filterbuilding.

� Outfall 009 consists of numerous subsurfaceand surface wastewater disposal systems thatreceive predominantly sanitary waste, andsteam- and air-compressor condensatedischarges. There are no monitoringrequirements imposed for this outfall.

See Figures 5-2 and 5-7 in Chapter 5 forlocations of BNL outfalls.

Each month BNL prepares a DischargeMonitoring Report that reports monitoringdata, evaluates compliance with permit limita-tions and identifies corrective measures takento address permit excursions. This report issubmitted directly to the NYSDEC central andregional offices, and the Suffolk CountyDepartment of Health Services.

3.6.1 OUTFALL 001 - SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT (STP)

Sanitary and process wastewater generatedby Laboratory operations is conveyed to theSTP for treatment prior to discharge to thePeconic River. The STP provides tertiarytreatment of sanitary and process wastewater(i.e., biological reduction of organic matterand reduction of nitrogen). This treatmentprocess became fully functional in 1998.Chapter 5, Section 5.2 provides a detaileddescription of the treatment process.

A summary of the non-radiologicalmonitoring results for the STP discharge atOutfall 001 is provided in Table 3-3. The

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relevant SPDES permit limits are also shown.BNL monitors the STP discharge for over 100parameters monthly and well over 200 param-eters quarterly. While BNL documents betterthan 99% overall compliance with effluentlimits, there were eight reported exceedances ofSPDES permit limits in 2000. Inorganicexcursions were the most predominant type ofpermit exceedance in 2000. Excursions were asfollows:� Zinc. Zinc in the STP discharge exceeded

permit limits on four occasions, two in Mayand two in December. The source of the zincexcursions is currently under investigation.One potential source being reviewed is thesewage piping system upgrades started in late1999. This project involved the removal ofroots, the cleaning of the lines, and thereplacement or relining of pipes with afiberglass sleeve in damaged areas. Experi-mental and operational sources are alsobeing reviewed to ensure wastewater is beingproperly managed at the source.

� Iron. Iron was detected in June at a concen-tration of 0.5 mg/L. Iron was most likely dueto discharge of natural sediments releasedduring excavation of sand filters.

� Percent Suspended Solids (TSS) Removal. Therewas one permit excursion for TSS removal in2000. The BNL SPDES permit requires that85% of all incoming suspended solids beremoved during the treatment process. Dueto low levels of solids in the influent, 85%reduction cannot always be documented dueto the limitations of the analytical methods.

� Average and Maximum Fecal Coliform. The BNLSTP uses ultraviolet light disinfection forbacteriological control. This process hasoperated uninterrupted since its installationin 1998 and has proven highly effective forcontrol of bacteria. However a single samplecollected in 2000 exhibited a fecal coliformconcentration of 900 MPN/100 ml. Due tothe high efficiency of the disinfection systemand its proven performance and continuousoperation, this excursion is suspect and maybe the result of cross contamination orcontamination of sample collection contain-ers or equipment.

� Perchloroethylene. While not required bypermit, the BNL monitors the STP dischargefor 38 organic compounds monthly. Withthe exception of low level detections of

disinfection by-products (e.g., chloroform)organic compounds are not detected in thedischarge. In June, a single sample exhibitedperchloroethylene at 31 �g/L. This findingwas reported to the NYSDEC and exceeds theNew York State ambient water quality stan-dards of 5 �g/L. While perchloroethylene isroutinely detected in commercial spotremovers, the STP process should removethis contaminant. Based upon STP opera-tional history and review of BNL operations,this result is suspected of resulting fromcross contamination either during samplecollection or analysis. BNL will continue tomonitor for perchloroethylene as part of itsroutine monitoring program.

Figures 3-1 through 3-6 plot five-year trends forthe maximum monthly concentrations of iron,lead, mercury, silver, nickel, and zinc in the STPdischarge.

3.6.1.1 CHRONIC TOXICITY TESTING

The SPDES permit requires that the Labo-ratory conduct whole effluent toxicity testingto ensure that chemicals present in the STPeffluent are not toxic to aquatic organisms.The chronic toxicity testing program wasinitiated in 1993 and continued in 2000.Samples were collected and tested quarterly.The program consists of performing seven-daychronic toxicity tests on two fresh waterorganisms: water fleas (Ceriodaphnia dubia) andfathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Sets often animals were exposed to varying concentra-tions of the STP effluent (100, 50, 25, 12.5, and6.25%) for seven days in each test. Duringtesting, the size of fish and/or rate of reproduc-tion for the water flea were measured andcompared to untreated organisms (i.e., con-trols). The test results were submitted toNYSDEC for review.

The toxicity data showed there was noacute toxicity exhibited for either organism,nor were any chronic effects, such as changes ingrowth weight, noted for the minnow. How-ever, in September the rate of reproduction forthe water fleas raised in the pure STP effluentwas lower than the control group. To assessthe reproduction rates of natural organisms inthe Peconic River, samples of river water werecollected upstream of the STP discharge andanalyzed simultaneously in June. The reproduc-tion rates in the pure river water were just over2 neonates (i.e., offspring) per surviving female

3-11 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

*����+'+-�� ���� �������� ������$�� )� ����������� ���)���*�� �� ����� �&� �����33,�0�1�23334-

9��-�9��� ����� ����� !�-��� : ���� 9��- 9�5- .�8��� ���� �5���� ���������

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4�0!��!6�(�!�=������ ��.��:/ H�5 = +��&�4���$)� �6 6 �664�0!�=������ ��.��:/ H�5 � +��&�4���$)� 56 6 �66I�� ��"��(�) J��; �? 4���$)� �= 6��� �66�(�!�+���.��:/ H�< H�< +��&�4���$)� �6 6 �664�0!�+���.��:/ H�< H�< +��&�4���$)� 56 6 �66I�+���"��(�) J�?; �� 4���$)� �= ���� �5���)��)���)� %�.�):/ 6!6 6!6 ���)� 6!� 6 �66����������������.��:/ H�6!6= �!� +��&�4���$)� 5 6 �66+���)���������.��:/ =!� �!6 +��&�4���$)� �6 6 �66+���)��$�%�$��'%�.��:/ 6!< �!= +��&�4���$)� �� 6 �66����� �.��:/ H��6 H��6 +��&�4���$)� �66 6 �66������.��:/ 6!6< 6!6> +��&�4���$)� 6!�= 6 �66�����.��:/ 6!6� 6!= +��&�4���$)� 6!;? ���� �>� �.��:/ H�6!66� 6!66= +��&�4���$)� 6!6�� 6 �66��&,)� .��:/ 6!66; 6!6� +��&�4���$)� 6!�� 6 �66��)(��.��:/ 6!66� 6!66> +��&�4���$)� 6!6�= 6 �66K��&� .��:/ 6!6� 6!�= +��&�4���$)� 6!� <��� �>4�&'���.��:/ H�6!666� 6!6665 +��&�4���$)� 6!666� 6 �66+�)'�� .��:/ H�� H�� +��&�4���$)� = 6 �664�$�)���$)��� �.��:/ H�� H�� +��&�4���$)� = 6 �66������+��&$)����$��� .��:/ H�� H�� +��&�4���$)� = 6 �665��'������.��:/ H�� H�= +��&�4���$)� =6 6 �66���%�.��:/ H�6!6>= 6!6=; A'����)� �� 6 �664�0!�9)���.4-�/ 6!> �!� ������'�'%�"&�� � 5!; 6 �66�(�!�9)���.4-�/ 6!= 6!? ������'�'%�"&�� � �� 6 �66�(�!�9&�)���)�#����.4��:�66��)/ H�5 <=� +��&�4���$)� 566 ���� �>4�0�9&�)���)�#����.4��:�66��)/ H�5 �66 +��&�4���$)� <66 ���� �>

����������'�����=%������=>?�����!��������������::; @A��������!��B2.������ �������C.������ �4!�����!��3,.������ ���������D4;::)���)������!���4����������1(��1������(������������1���1������+�+�����+�������������!�+�����������������.���.���������������������� .'�!��!������A)������ ��#����������'��EF���!������� ��+�� .'�=>���)���������#���+���#�'��������!������!���������%���%

�'�������%�'��!�������!������� ��!�����+����!��������������� ��� ��������4!�����!��!!�������������������#�� ��������������������'���#����������������� �.����������� ��������������������#���+���#

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��� ��������4!�����!��!!�������G�����9::: ���� ������������ ������'���'������������������� �����'����������������#��'���'�����������+������'���#���.��������������������'�����������1�� .'�������+���!��������� ������ �������������'��������'�����'��������+�+��!�������'������� ��������

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��'��� ��������4!�����!��!!�������G�����9:::���'��.���������������!'������'����� ���!��'�����������������!����������%�'�5�+�������!��������!'�����'��!'���!�������!��!��������� 0'������!'������'��������������������!�����!������ ����+���������� ���%�'��.����!����'�������� ��'��!���������� ���!�� ���'������� �������'���'���� ��+��������!�������'��!�������%�'�������I��������+��

3-12SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

Figure 3-1.Maximum Concentration of CopperDischarged From the BNL SewageTreatment Plant, 1996-2000.

Figure 3-2.Maximum Concentration of IronDischarged From the BNL SewageTreatment Plant, 1996-2000.

Figure 3-3.Maximum Concentration of LeadDischarged From the BNL SewageTreatment Plant, 1996-2000.

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

Jan-96 Jul-96 Jan-97 Jul-97 Jan-98 Jul-98 Jan-99 Jul-99 Jan-00 Jul-00

Year

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/L)

Copper Concentration SPDES Limit

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

Jan-96 Jul-96 Jan-97 Jul-97 Jan-98 Jul-98 Jan-99 Jul-99 Jan-00 Jul-00

Year

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/L)

Iron Concentration

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

Jan-96 Jul-96 Jan-97 Jul-97 Jan-98 Jul-98 Jan-99 Jul-99 Jan-00 Jul-00

Year

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/L)

Lead Concentration SPDES Limit

3-13 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

Figure 3-4.Maximum Concentration of SilverDischarged From the BNL SewageTreatment Plant, 1996-2000.

Figure 3-5.Maximum Concentration of NickelDischarged From the BNL SewageTreatment Plant, 1996-2000.

Figure 3-6.Maximum Concentration of ZincDischarged From the BNL SewageTreatment Plant, 1996-2000.

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

Jan-96 Jul-96 Jan-97 Jul-97 Jan-98 Jul-98 Jan-99 Jul-99 Jan-00 Jul-00

Year

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/L)

Silver Concentration SPDES Limit

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

Jan-96 Jul-96 Jan-97 Jul-97 Jan-98 Jul-98 Jan-99 Jul-99 Jan-00 Jul-00

Year

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/L)

Nickel Concentration SPDES Limit

0.00

0.03

0.05

0.08

0.10

0.13

0.15

Jan-96 Jul-96 Jan-97 Jul-97 Jan-98 Jul-98 Jan-99 Jul-99 Jan-00 Jul-00

Year

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/L)

Zinc Concentration SPDES Limit

3-14SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

with a survival rate of 40%. Data for the JuneSTP samples showed survival to be 90% withover 15 neonates per organism. These datashow that the Peconic River upstream of theSTP had a mild negative impact on water fleasurvival and reproduction when evaluated inan analytical setting.

3.6.2 OUTFALLS 002 - 008 AND 010 — RECHARGE BASINSAND STORMWATER

Outfalls 002 - 008 and 010 discharge togroundwater, replenishing the underlyingaquifer. Monitoring requirements for each ofthese discharges vary depending on the type ofwastewater received and the type of coolingwater treatment reagents used. There are nomonitoring requirements imposed for Outfalls009 and 011. Monitoring of Outfall 002B wasnot performed in 2000 and monitoring ofOutfall 002A was only conducted in Februarydue to limited operation of the RHIC facilitycooling water systems. Table 3-4 summarizesthe monitoring requirements along withperformance results for 2000.

There were three excursions at theseoutfalls in 2000. Two were for exceedingeffluent limits (oil and grease in Outfall 008,and pH at Outfall 003) and one was for failureto obtain a monitoring result. Elevated pH inthe BNL domestic water system was the mostprobable cause of the pH excursion in Outfall3. To increase the pH of domestic water andreduce the corrosivity of the water system,hydroxides (either calcium or sodium) areadded to the well water. Occasionally, excesslime or caustic is inadvertently added to thesystem, which results in a slightly elevated pH.The discharge of slightly alkaline wastewaterwould not be expected to have detrimentaleffects on groundwater due to the naturallyacidic conditions of Long Island groundwatersystems. Parking lot runoff from privateautomobile discharges is the most probablesource of the oil and grease violation. Thefailure to collect and analyze one wastewatersample from Outfall 008 was due to a samplingoversight. Procedures have been established toconduct a closer review of monthly samplingrequirements and schedules to prevent anyrecurrence of this violation.

3.7 SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT (SDWA)

The distribution and supply of drinkingwater is regulated under the federal Safe

Drinking Water Act (SDWA). In New YorkState, implementation of the SDWA is del-egated to the New York State Department ofHealth (NYSDOH) and administered by theSuffolk County Department of Health Services(SCDHS). Since BNL provides potable water tomore than 25 full-time residents, it is subject tothe requirements for a public water supply.Monitoring requirements are prescribedannually by SCDHS, and a Potable Water Sam-pling and Analysis Plan (Chaloupka 2000a) isprepared to comply with these requirements.The 1996 amendments to the SDWA requiredpreparation of a source water assessment for allsources of public drinking water. In December2000, the BNL source water assessment wasprepared in satisfaction of this requirement(Bennett et al. 2000). The Source Water Assess-ment is designed as a management tool tofurther protect the sole source aquifer systemunderlying the BNL site.

3.7.1 POTABLE WATER

BNL maintains six groundwater wells foronsite distribution of potable water. Ground-water is treated with activated carbon or airstripping to remove volatile organic com-pounds to meet drinking water standards.Groundwater from three of the six wells isalso treated to reduce naturally occurringiron. Figure 3-7 shows the treatment processused for removing iron from groundwater.

BNL monitors the potable wells regularlyfor bacteria, inorganics, organics, and pesti-cides as required by NYSDOH regulations.BNL also voluntarily monitors drinking watersupplies for radiological contaminants. Tables3-5 and 3-6 provide the potable water supplymonitoring data for 2000. Color and ironexceeded drinking water standards in samplescollected from three of the wells prior todistribution. Treatment at the Water Treat-ment Plant effectively reduced these levels tobelow drinking water standards. At the pointof consumption, all drinking water suppliescomplied with primary drinking water stan-dards during 2000. Iron was detected in aroutine distribution sample collected in July ata concentration of 0.35 mg/L, which slightlyexceeds the drinking water standard of 0.30mg/L. Iron occurs naturally in groundwaterand is regulated as an aesthetic contaminantand at high concentrations can lead to stain-ing of laundered clothing and porcelain

3-15 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

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����� � �" �" �" < �" �" �" �" �".��:/ 4��! �" �" �" 6!66< �" �" �" �" �" �� ��

4�0! �" �" �" 6!65 �" �" �" �" �" �!6 6 �66

K��& � �" < �" �" �" �" �" �" �".��:/ 4��! �" 6!66; �" �" �" �" �" �" �" �� ��

4�0 �" 6!65 �" �" �" �" �" �" �" = 6 �66

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4�0! �" �" �" �" �" �" ;?= �" �" �� 6 �66�����. �%%�)( / � �" �" �" �" �" �" � �" �".��:/ 4��! �" �" �" �" �" �" 6!5 �" �" �� ��

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�$)���#��� � < �" �" �" �" �" �" �" �".��:/ 4��! H�� �" �" �" �" �" �" �" �" �� ��

4�0! H�� �" �" �" �" �" �" �" �" ? 6 �66

������ � < �" �" �" �" �" �" �" �" �&$)�����$�� 4��! H�� �" �" �" �" �" �" �" �" �� ��.��:/ 4�0! H�� �" �" �" �" �" �" �" �" = 6 �66

���������&$)����$�� � < < < �" �" �" �" ;��� �".��:/ 4��! H�� H�� H�� �" �" �" �" H�� �" �� ��

4�0! H�� H�� H�� �" �" �" �" H�� �" = � �;

���� �&)����$�)� � �" �" < �" �" �" �" ;��� �".��:/ 4��! �" �" H�� �" �" �" �" H�� �" �� ��

4�0! �" �" H�� �" �" �" �" H�� �" = � �;

�������������)�� � �" < �" �" �" �" �" �" �"���������� 4��! �" H�6!66= �" �" �" �" �" �" �" �� ��.��:/ 4�0! �" H�6!66= �" �" �" �" �" �" �" 6!= 6 �66

2� ��0��$�)� �� � < < �" < < < �" �" �" ��$�%�$���&��&� 4��! H�6!6= H�6!6= �" H�6!6= H�6!6= H�6!6= �" �" �" �� ��.��:/ 4�0! H�6!6= 6!6> �" 6!6= 6!66> 6!6= �" �" �" 6!= 6 �66

+�)�)����8�) � < < �" < < < �" �" �".��:/ 4��! H�6!66= H�6!66= �" H�6!66= H�6!66= H�6!66= �" �" �" �� ��

4�0! H�6!66= H�6!66= �" H�6!66= 6!6> H�6!66= �" �" �" 6!5 6 �66

����������'�����=%������=>?�����!���������������� .'��������������������I�������������������::H����������:;; �������������!�����1(��1������(������������1�4 �1�4���� ����1�� �1������ ���������+����������������������!�+����������������I��������������������������#�����������������������������������I������������������������'���������$� ����&�������E =�����������::J%::=%::E%���:;: �&�������H :�����������::9%::F%::8�%::8)%���::? ���K������������������ �������������!��������#������!����!�����G���������������������

3-16SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

How Does BNL Produce Its Drinking Water?Drawn from wells tapped into Long Island’s Glacial Aquifer, BNL’s drinking water last year, as in the past, was in fullcompliance with all county, state, and federal regulations.

In fact, the Lab’s Plant Engineering (PE) Division, which is responsible for the Lab’s drinking water, is proud to reportthat Brookhaven’s water system has not violated any water quality standard.

So, how does the Lab produce drinking water which is purified, safe, and high quality? And who produces it?This water is produced with pride by the staff of BNL’s Water Treatment Facility (WTF) of the Plant EngineeringDivision, using what is identified as “federal public water system No. 511891.” This community water system is the onlysource on site of what is called potable water for BNL’s transient and resident population of 3,500 people.

The centerpiece of the Lab’s drinking water system is the Water Treatment Facility (WTF), located in and aroundBldg. 624 on Upton Road. The WTF was built in 1963 to remove iron and manganese from the Lab’s source

water, but the facility has undergone a series of upgrades over the years, most recently in 1995-96.

While there are six drinking water wells on site, the water from only three wells (numbered 4, 6, and 7) isdelivered to the WTF because that water is high in iron. Water from the other three wells (numbered 10, 11,

and 12) is low in iron, so that water is distributed directly, after passing through activated carbon filters.Drinking water production is the role and responsibility of Water System Supervisor Tony Ross, who holdsa New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) grade IA certification. He is assisted by seven watertreatment engineers, each having a NYSDOH grade IIA certification. They are: Steve Barcelo, Tom Boucher,Chris Hanley, Jack Kulesa, Richard Lutz, Phil Pizzo, and Joe Tullo. WTF operations are overseen by WilliamChaloupka, PE Assistant Manager of Operations & Environment. - Marsha Belford

The flow of water through the Lab’s supply system and the on-the-job performanceof the WTF staff are shown in photos by Roger Stoutenburgh and described below.

1A. WELLS 4, 6, and 7: provide source water high in ironthat is “finished” at BNL’s Water Treatment Facility (WTF).At one of these wells, Phil Pizzo performs preventivemaintenance on pump motor.

1B. CARBON FILTRATION AT WELLS 10, 11, and 12:removes any volatile organic compounds before the low-iron water from these wells directly enters the drinkingwater distribution system. Noting the pressure of thecarbon filtration system is Richard Lutz.

2. CHLORINATION: of water from Wells 4,6, and 7 isperformed at this point to kill bacteria and oxidize the ironin the water. Iron removal by oxidation and filtrationreduces the water’s iron concentration from 3 to 4milligrams per liter (mg/l) to the “finished” water’s 0.03mg/l. Inspecting a liquid sodium hypochlorite storage tank isJoe Tullo.

3. AERATION TANK: reduces carbon dioxide gas and aidsin the oxidation of iron. At the aeration tank, Steve Barcelo(right) describes the action to Frank Masia.

1A

1B

2 3

Figure 3-7. Potable Water Treatment at BNL(Reproduced with permission from The Bulletin [BNL 2001a]).

3-17 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

10. CLEAR WELL: stores what isnow called “finished” water beforeits final chlorination and distribution.Seen taking a water sample at theclear well are Jack Kulesa (right) andRichard Lutz (left).

11. HIGH-SERVICE PUMPS: sendthe finished water from the WTF tothe two water towers on site.Adjusting the flow rate of a high-service pump is Steve Barcelo.

12. ONE-MILLION-GALLONWATER STORAGE TOWER:

as viewed from its base, isthe larger of the Lab’s twowater towers. Built in 1985,and located at Cornell andNorth Sixth Street, this tankis 126 feet above theground; its bowl is 75.5 feetin diameter. Located next toPolice Headquarters, Bldg.50, the other water storagetank holds 300,000 gallonsand was built for the U.S.Army in 1941, when the sitewas Camp Upton. Waterfrom the two towers isdelivered on site via 45miles of distribution pipe,which is a mix of cast irondating from World War IICamp Upton, transite,plastic, and cement-linedductile iron. Whendistribution pipe is added orreplaced, cement-line ductileiron is used.

13. TESTING THEQUALITY OF BNL’SDRINKING WATER:at the WTF is Tom Boucher.The Lab’s drinking water istested in various locationsweekly, monthly, quarterly,semi-annually, and annually,depending upon the specifictest. Test samples areanalyzed by certifiedlaboratories, and results are

reported to the Suffolk County Departmentof Health Services, which conducts its ownannual tests of all county water systems. Inaddition, the results are delivered to BNL’sEnvironmental Services Division, whichensures that the Lab’s water is in compliancewith all applicable regulations. The results aresummarized in the Lab’s annual Water QualityConsumer Confidence Report (BNL 2001b).

For answers to frequently asked questions aboutBNL’s drinking water quality, go towww.bnl.gov/bnlweb/pubaf/water/waterFAQ.pdf

4

5

6

7

4. LIME: is added afteraeration (no. 3) and beforeretention (no. 6) to raise thepH and soften the water.Feeding lime into the hopperis Steve Barcelo.

5. POLYMER: is also added tothe water after aeration toaid in a process calledflocculation, whereby verysmall hydroxide particles sticktogether to form largerparticles, called floc, whichare more easily settled andremoved (see no. 6). Thepolymer is mixed with thewater in a rapid-mix tank.Steve Barcelo (left) is seenmeasuring the polymer, whileTom Boucher prepares tomix.

6. RETENTION TANK:

holds the water long enoughto allow the chemicals timeto react and form floc. To aidin the formation of floc, thewater is then sent to aslow-mix tank. At theretention tank are:(from left) Steve Barcelo,Jack Kulesa (who is checkingfor floc particles), andRichard Lutz, plus FrankMasia.

7. FILTRATION: isperformed, using what is

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

called a rapid sand filter made up ofeight filter cells containing sand andanthracite. Inspecting the valves inthe filtration valve gallery are:(front to back)Jack Kulesa, Richard Lutz, andSteve Barcelo.

8. WET WELL: stores the filteredwater before it is pumped into theair-stripping towers. While JackKulesa (background) is seeninspecting the wet-well pump seals,Richard Lutz works on acheck valve.

9. AIR-STRIPPING TOWERS:remove any volatile organiccompounds (VOCs) fromthe water undergoing theWTF process by sprayingthe water down overwhiffle ball-like fill while airflows upward through thewater spray. Inspecting thetowers from the top isSteve Barcelo. Frank Masialooks on from below.

3-18SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

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����������'�����?%������?>=���#�����!������ .'����+��!��������'���4����!��!���������2��������& ����3��������+��'��������!����+�������

1)���1��'�����)����!�� ���+����!������������!���

��������������I������������$���0������������������!������"��0����#"��$���������$���0������������@0�����������������'�0.����!���������������!���������������������+�����

fixtures. There are no health effects associatedwith iron consumed at this level. Section 7.4 ofChapter 7 provides additional data on environ-mental surveillance testing performed onpotable wells. This additional testing exceedsthe minimum SDWA testing requirements.

3.7.2 CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROLThe SDWA requires that public water

suppliers implement practices to protect thepublic water supply from sanitary hazards,including the protection of potable watersupply connections to systems containing

3-19 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

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3-20SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

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3-21 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

hazardous substances (i.e., cross-connec-tions). Such practices include the implemen-tation of a rigorous cross-connection controlprogram. Cross-connection control is thepreferred method of protecting a publicwater system and includes the installation ofcross-connection control devices at theinterface between a facility and the domesticwater main. Installation of cross-connectioncontrol devices is required at all facilitieswhere hazardous materials are used in amanner that could result in the introductionof these hazardous substances into thedomestic water system, especially under lowpressure conditions. In addition, secondarycross-connection controls at the point of useare also recommended to protect userswithin a specific facility from hazards thatmight be posed by intrafacility operations.

BNL has installed and maintains over 150cross-connection control devices at interfaces tothe potable water main and secondary controldevices at the point of use. All cross-connectioncontrol units were tested in 2000. All problemsfound were corrected, and the devices wereretested to ensure proper functioning.

3.7.3 UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL

UIC is regulated under the SDWA. UICsat BNL include drywells, cesspools, septictanks, and leaching fields, all of which areclassified by EPA as Class V injection wells.Proper management of UIC devices is key tothe protection of underground sources ofdrinking water. In New York State, the UICprogram is implemented through EPA, sincethe NYSDEC did not adopt UIC regulatoryrequirements (New York regulates discharges

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3-22SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

of pollutants to cesspools under the SPDESprogram). Under the EPA’s UIC program, allClass V injection wells must be included in aninventory maintained with the agency.

During 2000, the project to inventory andclose unnecessary UICs continued with 43UICs officially closed between 1999 and 2000.The closure of the UICs included the collec-tion and analysis of bottom sediment samplesand submittal of formal documentation toEPA requesting closure authorization. One ofthe 43 UICs required mitigation of low-levelpetroleum contamination prior to closure.Additionally, samples collected from septictanks located at Buildings 1006, 1008, and 1010were found to have elevated concentrations ofmetals and/or organics that requiredremediation prior to their closure. Closuresof Building 1006 and 1008 UICs were com-pleted in 2000. The Building 1010 UIC closureis expected to be completed in 2001. The 90remaining UICs were inventoried and includedin the UIC Area Permit application submittedto EPA for approval in September 1999. TheUIC Area Permit was issued in January 2001, asdiscussed in Section 3.2.2.3 of this chapter.

3.8 SPILL PREVENTION, EMERGENCY PLANNING, ANDREPORTING

Several federal, state, and local regulationsaddress management of storage facilitiescontaining chemicals, petroleum, and otherhazardous materials. These regulationsinclude specifications for storage facilities,release reporting requirements, and releaseplanning document requirements. Thefollowing subsections describe BNL’s compli-ance with these regulations.

3.8.1 OIL POLLUTION ACT AND SPILL PREVENTIONCONTROL AND COUNTERMEASURES (SPCC) PLAN

The Laboratory must maintain a SPCCPlan as a condition of its Major PetroleumFacility License and as required by the OilPollution Act. This plan is part of BNL’semergency preparedness program and outlinesmitigating and remedial actions that would betaken in the event of a major petroleumrelease. The plan also provides informationregarding the design of storage facilities,release prevention measures, and maps detail-ing the location of all storage facilities. TheSPCC Plan is filed with NYSDEC, EPA, andDOE. The plan is updated triennially and was

last updated in December 2000 (Chaloupka2000b). BNL remained in full compliance withthe SPCC requirements in 2000.

BNL also maintains a facility responseplan that outlines emergency response proce-dures implemented in the event of a worst-case discharge of oil. The EPA reviewed thisplan in 2000 and identified several technicaldeficiencies and formatting issues. Responseto the deficiencies was handled in two phases.Phase I addressed simple changes to the plan,including providing cross-referencing toaddress format issues and updating outdatedinformation. Phase II was a complete planupdate that was submitted to EPA in Decem-ber as part of the SPCC Plan.

3.8.2 EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT (EPCRA) AND THE SUPERFUNDAMENDMENTS AND REAUTHORIZATION ACT (SARA)TITLE III REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

The Emergency Planning and CommunityRight-to-Know Act (EPCRA) (42 USC 11001)and Title III of the Superfund Amendmentsand Reauthorization Act (SARA), requirereporting of inventories and releases of certainchemicals that exceed specific storage thresh-olds to the local emergency planning commit-tee and the state emergency response commis-sion. Community Right to Know require-ments are codified under 40 CFR Parts 355,370, and 372. BNL fully complied with theserequirements in 2000 through the submittal ofthe required reports under EPCRA Sections302-303, 311-312. During 2000, the Part 313Toxic Release Inventory thresholds weresignificantly lowered from 10,000 (4,500 kg)to 10 pounds (4.5 kg) for mercury and poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Consequently,reporting for these two classes of chemicals isrequired for 2000. In total, 21 pounds (9.5 kg)of mercury and 917 pounds (412.7 kg) of PCBswill be reported under the Form R Toxic

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3-23 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

Release Inventory report which will be submit-ted by July 1, 2001.

There were no releases of extremelyhazardous substances reported under Part 304during 2000.

3.8.3 SPILL RESPONSE, REPORTABLE RELEASES, ANDOCCURRENCES

When a spill of hazardous material occurs,BNL personnel are required to immediatelynotify the onsite Fire Rescue Group who aretrained to respond to such releases. Theinitial step in spill response is to contain andcontrol any release and to notify additionalresponse personnel (i.e., BNL environmentalprofessionals, industrial hygienists, etc.).Environmental professionals reporting to thescene assess the spill for environmental impactand determine its reportability. Any release ofpetroleum products to soils or surface water isreportable to both NYSDEC and SCDHS. Inaddition, releases of petroleum productsgreater than 5 gallons (18.9 liters) to outdoorimpermeable surfaces or containment areasare also reported. Spills of chemicals inquantities greater than CERCLA reportablequantities are reportable to the NationalResponse Center, NYSDEC, and SCDHS.Remediation of the spill is conducted asnecessary to restore the site. For example, if apiece of heavy equipment ruptured a hydraulicline, resulting in a release of hydraulic oil tothe soil, immediate actions would be taken tostop the leak, and then the contaminated soilwould be excavated and containerized foroffsite disposal.

During 2000, there were 57 spills, of whichonly 16 met external agency reporting criteria.Ten of the reportable releases involved verysmall volumes of petroleum that reached soils.New York State has a zero tolerance level forreleases of oils to soil or water; consequently,spills of just an ounce to soil is reportable.Seven of the ten reported releases resultedfrom failed hydraulics on heavy equipment orlawn mowers. To prevent future releases, apollution prevention project was initiated toreplace petroleum oils with vegetable-basedoils in several of these machines and toreplace standard hydraulic hoses with braidedstainless steel hoses. The remaining spillswere either small volume releases to soil, orreleases to containment areas. There werefour larger oil spills reported during 2000 that

were more than 50 gallons (189.3 liters) each.These included two releases to containmentareas (Buildings 1005 and 479) and one releaseto the floor of Building 912. The last spill wasthe discovery of non-PCB oil under a tanklocated near Building 750. This tank wasinstalled in 1965 as an emergency holding tankfor reactor secondary cooling water. The oilwas purposely added to the soil to preventcorrosion to the underside of the tank. Theremaining two spills involved the release ofphotodeveloper at Building 197 and therelease of 8 pounds (3.6 kg) of mercury from agauge removed from the former BrookhavenGraphite Research Reactor Instrument House.All spills were remediated or otherwiseaddressed to the satisfaction of NYSDEC; allcontaminated residuals were collected, con-tainerized, and disposed.

Table 3-7 provides information on thereportable spills including the date of thespill, material involved, and quantity released.It also includes a summary of the cause andcorrective actions taken, and notes whetherthe spill was reportable to DOE through theOccurrence Reporting and Processing System(ORPS).

In addition to the four chemical or oilspills noted in Table 3-7 as reported throughORPS, there were ten other incidents thatwere environmental in nature reported toDOE through ORPS. These included:

� Discovery of four groundwater contaminantplumes from various Laboratory facilities.Two of these involved radiological constitu-ents found at the Alternate Gradient Syn-chrotron facility. The other two plumesinvolved the detection of volatile organiccompounds: one at the public servicestation and one at Building 830. See Table3-8 for a description of each.

� Two incidents were related to the handlingof hazardous wastes. The first was theincomplete characterization of soils shippedfor disposal at Envirocare of Utah, and thesecond was the issuance of a Notice ofViolation for concerns identified during the2000 annual hazardous waste inspection bythe New York State Department of Environ-mental Conservation.

� Two incidents involved storage of wastewa-ter in tanker trailers containing low levels ofradiological contaminants.

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3-25 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

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� One incident involved a spontaneous fire ata CERCLA waste staging area caused byinteraction of chemicals removed fromformer chemical burial sites.

� One incident involved a waste storage tankthat overflowed into secondary containmentat Building 801 due to a faucet that was leftopen.

Table 3-8 provides a description for eachoccurrence. All incidents were addressedthrough the identification and implementa-

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tion of corrective actions geared towards theroot cause. The groundwater incidents arediscussed in further detail in Chapter 7. Therewere no offsite environmental consequencesarising from the ORPS incidents.

3.8.4 MAJOR PETROLEUM FACILITY (MPF) LICENSE

The storage of 2.3 million gallons (8.7million liters) of petroleum products (princi-pally No. 6 fuel oil) subjects BNL to licensingby NYSDEC. BNL maintains a Major Petro-

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CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

leum Facility License for the storage andtransfer of oil at the Central Steam Facility.During 2000, BNL remained in full compli-ance with license requirements. The licenserequires BNL to monitor groundwater in thevicinity of the seven active abovegroundstorage tanks that range in size from 60,000 to600,000 gallons (227,000 to 2,270,000 liters).The license also requires that BNL conductmonthly inspections of storage facilitiesincluding testing leak detection and high levelmonitoring systems, testing secondary con-tainment systems, and periodic inspections oftank integrity. Groundwater monitoringconsists of monthly checks for floatingproducts, and twice-yearly tests forsemivolatile organic compounds. In 2000, nocontaminants or floating products were foundin groundwater wells that monitor the MPF.(See Chapter 7 for additional information ongroundwater monitoring results.)

Due to scheduling conflicts, an inspectionof this facility was not conducted by NYSDECin 2000, but was performed in January 2001.The inspection noted two conditions thatrequired immediate corrective actions andthree conditions requiring corrective actionsprior to pending operations. The two condi-tions requiring immediate action were perfor-mance testing of the impressed currentcathodic protection system, and inspection of“tell-tales” on Tanks 9 and 10. Tell-tales areaccess ports installed in the interstitial spaceof the tank bottoms (these tanks have twobottom layers of steel to prevent leakage tothe environment). Both corrective actionswere completed within 30 days of the date ofinspection. Two of the three remainingcorrective actions must be completed prior toreturning Tanks 5 and 6 to service. These arethe repair of piping and the installation ofcolor-coding at the fill ports. Color-coding ofthe fill ports was completed within seven daysof the inspection. Piping upgrades areexpected to be completed by December 2001.The last action was a reminder that in-depthintegrity testing of the secondary containmentliners is due in June 2001.

3.8.5 CHEMICAL BULK STORAGE

All underground tanks, and allaboveground tanks larger than 185 gallons(700.3 liters) that store specific chemicalsubstances listed in 6 NYCRR 597, must be

registered with NYSDEC. BNL holds a Haz-ardous Substance Bulk Storage RegistrationCertificate. In total, BNL has 18 registeredtanks: 17 aboveground tanks storing watertreatment chemicals (for cooling towers,wastewater, or potable water treatment) andone for storing gallium trichloride used inneutrino experiments. The tanks range in sizefrom 475 to 2,000 gallons (1,800 to 7,600liters). During 2000, three tanks storingcooling water treatment reagents at the HighFlux Beam Reactor were drained and will beplaced into a “permanently out of service”status until they are removed.

3.8.6 SUFFOLK COUNTY SANITARY CODE ARTICLE 12

Article 12 of the Suffolk County SanitaryCode, administered by the SCDHS, regulatesthe storage and handling of toxic and hazard-ous materials in above or underground storagetanks, drum storage facilities, piping systems,and transfer areas (i.e., storage facilities). Itspecifies design criteria to prevent environmen-tal impacts resulting from spills or leaks. Italso specifies administrative requirements, suchas labeling for identification purposes, registra-tion, and spill reporting procedures. In 1987,BNL entered into a voluntary Memorandum ofAgreement with the SCDHS in which DOE andBNL agreed to conform to the environmentalrequirements of Article 12.

BNL has 526 active and more than 300inactive storage facilities listed in the Suffolkcounty tanks database. Another 48 storagefacilities associated with environmentalrestoration activities conducted under theCERCLA program that are not regulatedunder Article 12 are included in the countydatabase. BNL storage facilities listed in thedatabase include those storing fuel (some ofwhich are also regulated under the MPFlicense), wastewater, chemicals, and those usedin support of laboratory research.

At of the end of 2000, 131 of the activetanks listed in the Suffolk County databasefully conformed with all Article 12 administra-tive, maintenance, and technical requirements.Approximately 395 active tanks requireadministrative corrective actions (e.g., cor-rected registrations, submittal of as-builtdesign plans to SCDHS, proper labeling, etc.)or maintenance (e.g., replacement of lightbulbs). Less than one-quarter of these facili-ties were found to be in technical nonconfor-

3-27 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

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3-28SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

mance with Article 12 requirements (e.g., nosecondary containment, no high-level detec-tion). BNL has an ongoing program toupgrade and/or replace existing storagefacilities. In 2000, BNL established a projectplan to achieve full conformance with Article12 requirements. The project will provideadministrative and technical improvements toapproximately 115 active storage facilities.Other upgrades are being addressed throughlabeling and filing of addendums to the BNLtank inventory (i.e., filing tank registrations),which will continue through 2003.

3.9 RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT(RCRA)

The Resource Conservation and RecoveryAct (RCRA) regulates hazardous wastes thatcould present risks to human health or theenvironment if mismanaged. The regulationsare designed to ensure that hazardous wastesare managed from “cradle to grave,” that is,from the point of generation to final disposal.In New York State, the RCRA program isdelegated to NYSDEC by EPA, but EPAretains an oversight role. BNL is considered alarge quantity generator and has a RCRApermit to store hazardous wastes for one yearprior to offsite shipment for treatment anddisposal. As noted in Chapter 2, BNL has anumber of 90-day storage and satellite accu-mulation areas.

On June 14, 2000, the NYSDEC conductedits annual inspection of the BNL hazardouswaste management operations. The NYSDECissued a notice of violation for seven adminis-trative deficiencies identified during thecourse of the inspection. Five were immedi-ately corrected before the end of the inspec-tion. The remaining two issues concerned theplacement of a waste accumulation area andquality control sampling in accordance withBNL’s Waste Analysis Plan. Documentationwas provided confirming that BNL hadaddressed all dificiencies noted to the satisfac-tion of the NYSDEC.

3.9.1 FEDERAL FACILITIES COMPLIANCE ACT (FFCA) SITETREATMENT PLAN FOR MIXED WASTE

Mixed wastes are considered both hazard-ous (under RCRA) and radioactive. TheFFCA, issued in 1992, requires DOE to workwith local regulators to develop a site treat-ment plan to manage mixed waste. Develop-

ment of the plan has two purposes: (1) toidentify available treatment technologies anddisposal facilities (DOE or commercial) ableto manage mixed waste produced at federalfacilities, and (2) to develop a schedule fortreatment and disposal of these waste streams.

BNL updates its Site Treatment Plan formixed wastes (BNL 1997) annually and sub-mits it to the NYSDEC. The update docu-ments the current mixed waste inventory anddescribes efforts undertaken to seek newcommercial treatment and disposal outlets forvarious waste streams. Treatment options formost of the mixed waste currently in storagehave been identified, and most of the currentinventory will be shipped offsite for treatmentand disposal in 2001. BNL will continue toupdate the treatment plan for wastes with noidentified disposal pathway.

3.10 TOXIC SUBSTANCE CONTROL ACT (TSCA)

The storage, handling, and use of PCBs(Polychlorinated Biphenyls) are regulatedunder the Toxic Substances Control Act(TSCA). Capacitors manufactured prior to1970 that are believed to be oil filled arehandled as if they contain PCBs, even whenthe existence of PCBs cannot be verifiedthrough an investigation of manufacturer’srecords. All equipment containing PCBs mustbe inventoried, with the exception of smallcapacitors (less than 3 pounds [1.35 kg]) anditems where the concentration of the PCBsource material is less than 50 parts permillion. This inventory is updated by July 1 ofeach year. All PCB-containing articles and/orPCB-contaminated equipment must be la-beled. BNL responds to any PCB spill inaccordance with emergency response proce-dures. BNL was in compliance with TSCArequirements in 2000. The Laboratory’sauthorization from EPA to conduct researchusing PCBs expired on July 31, 2000. The oneresearch project involving PCBs was discontin-ued, and was reported to EPA. No PCBresearch was conducted at BNL in 2000.

3.11 FEDERAL INSECTICIDE FUNGICIDE ANDRODENTICIDE ACT (FIFRA)

The storage and application of pesticides(insecticides, rodenticides, herbicides, algi-cides, etc.) is regulated under The FederalInsecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act(FIFRA). Pesticides at BNL are used to

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control undesirable insects, mice, and rats; tocontrol bacteria in cooling towers; and tomaintain certain areas free of vegetation (e.g.,around fire hydrants and inside secondarycontainment berms). Insecticides are alsoapplied to agricultural research fields and ingreenhouses onsite. Herbicide use is mini-mized wherever possible (e.g., through spottreatment of weeds). All pesticides are appliedby Laboratory-employed New York State-certified applicators. By February 1, eachapplicator files an annual report withNYSDEC detailing insecticide/herbicide usefor the previous year.

BNL is in full compliance with FIFRArequirements. In 2000, BNL initiated anintegrated pest management review of herbi-cide and insecticide application practices. Incooperation with the Cornell CooperativeExtension Service, the Laboratory is evaluat-ing opportunities to further reduce pesticideuse. Integrated pest management seeks tominimize the application of pesticides by theuse of improved prevention and inspectiontechniques for pest identification rather thanbroad application, and by the use of reduced-risk pesticides. The review will be completedin the summer of 2001.

3.12 FLOODPLAINS/WETLANDS AND WILD, SCENIC,AND RECREATIONAL RIVERS AND OTHER SPECIALPERMITS

As noted in Chapter 1, portions of theBNL site are situated on the Peconic Riverfloodplain. Portions of the Peconic River arelisted as either scenic or recreational underthe Wild, Scenic, and Recreational RiverSystem Act by NYSDEC. BNL also has sixareas regulated as wetlands and a number ofvernal (seasonal) pools onsite. Constructionand/or modification activities performedwithin these areas require permits from theNYSDEC.

Activities that could require review underthe natural resource protection program,including floodplain/wetland review require-ments, are identified during the NEPA process(see Section 3.3). In the preliminary designstages of a construction project, design detailsrequired for the permit application processare specified. These design details ensure thatthe construction activity will not negativelyimpact the area, or if it does, that the area will

be restored to its original condition. Whendesign is near completion, permit applicationsare filed. During and after construction, BNLmust comply with the permit conditions.

Two activities continued in 2000 thatrequired special permits. The first project wasconstruction of a security fence and improve-ments to a perimeter road at the RHIC facility.The second project was construction ofpumping stations and extension of sanitarymains throughout the RHIC facility. Bothprojects involved crossing the Peconic River inat least one location. The fencing project wascompleted in June 2000. The sewer extensionproject is still in progress and is expected tobe completed by the end of 2001.

3.13 ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT

In 1999, NYSDEC revised its list of endan-gered, threatened, and “species of specialconcern.” The tiger salamander (Ambystoma t.tigrinum) is the only state endangered speciesfound at BNL. Tiger salamanders are listed inNew York State as endangered because popula-tions have declined due to habitat lossthrough development, road mortality duringbreeding migration, introduction of predatoryfish into breeding sites, historical collectionfor bait and pet trade, water level fluctuations,pollution, and general disturbance of breedingsites. BNL has prepared a Wildlife Manage-ment Plan (Naidu 1998) that formalizes thestrategy and actions needed to protect 14confirmed tiger salamander breeding loca-tions identified onsite. The strategy includesidentifying and mapping habitats, monitoringbreeding conditions, improving breeding sites,and controlling activities that could negativelyimpact breeding.

The banded sunfish (Enneacanthus obesus)and swamp darter (Etheostoma fusiforme) arefound in the Peconic River drainage areasonsite at BNL. Both are listed as state threat-ened species within New York State. Thereason for this status is that the only remain-ing populations of these fish in New York areon eastern Long Island. Measures being takenby BNL to protect the banded sunfish andswamp darter and their habitat include:� eliminating, reducing, or controlling pollut-

ant discharges,� upgrading the STP to reduce nitrogen

loading in the Peconic (completed in 1998),

3-30SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

� monitoring populations and water quality,� maintaining adequate flow in the river to

enable the fish to survive drought, and� controlling disturbances.

BNL also has eight species onsite that arelisted as “species of special concern.” Speciesof special concern have no protection underthe state endangered species laws, but may beprotected under other state and federal laws(e.g., Migratory Bird Treaty Act). New YorkState monitors species of special concern andmanages their populations and habitats, wherepractical, to ensure that they do not becomethreatened or endangered. The species ofspecial concern found at BNL include themarbled salamander (Ambystoma opacum), thespotted turtle (Clemmys guttata), the eastern boxturtle (Terrapene carolina), the eastern hognosedsnake (Heterodon platyrhinos), the horned lark(Eremophila alpestris), the whip-poor-will(Caprimulgus vociferus), the vesper sparrow(Pooecetes gramineus), and the grasshoppersparrow (Ammodramus savannarum). Manage-ment efforts taken for the tiger salamander alsobenefit the marbled salamander. At present noadditional protective measures are planned forthe eastern box turtle or spotted turtle, as littleactivity occurs within their known habitatonsite. The eastern hognosed snake has onlybeen seen onsite once, in 1994 (LMS 1995).BNL will be evaluating bird populations as partof the management strategy outlined in theWildlife Management Plan. Data concerningspecies of special concern will be used appro-priately in making management decisionsregarding those species. In addition to theabove bird species, 19 other bird species listedas species of special concern and two federallythreatened species have been observed onsiteor flying over the site during spring and fallmigrations.

BNL has 17 plant species protected understate law. One is a threatened plant, stiffgoldenrod (Solidago rigida), and one is a rareplant, narrow-leafed bush clover (Lespedezaaugustifolia). The other 15 species are consid-ered to be “exploitably vulnerable,” whichmeans that they may become threatened orendangered if causal factors resulting inpopulation declines continue. These plants arecurrently protected at BNL due to the largeareas of undeveloped pine barren habitatonsite. Locations of these rare plants must be

determined, populations estimated, and man-agement requirements established. Manage-ment of protected plants will be included in thefuture revisions of the Wildlife ManagementPlan. See Chapter 6 for more information.

3.14 EXTERNAL AUDITS AND OVERSIGHT

A number of federal, state, and localagencies oversee BNL activities. BNL wasinspected by federal, state, or local regulatorson at least 13 occasions in 2000. These inspec-tions are summarized below. Since 1998, theSCDHS has had two full-time staff membersstationed at BNL. They perform routineinspections of facilities and inspect storagefacility removals and installations as part oftheir everyday activities. In addition to exter-nal audits and oversight, BNL has a compre-hensive self-assessment program as describedin Section 2.1.7 of Chapter 2.

3.14.1 INSPECTIONS BY REGULATORY AGENCIES

� Hazardous Waste. NYSDEC conducted aRCRA/hazardous waste compliance inspec-tion in June 2000. See Section 3.9 for infor-mation regarding this inspection.

� Air Compliance. NYSDEC conducted anannual inspection of the Central SteamFacility in February 2000. No findings orissues were identified during this inspection.In January 2000, EPA Region II performed asite inspection to evaluate the status ofNESHAPs compliance. Areas inspectedincluded facilities at the AGS, RHIC, theBGRR Decommissioning Project, and theSewage Treatment Plant. The inspectionidentified the need to perform a NESHAPsevaluation on the sand filter beds at theSewage Treatment Plant. This evaluation hasbeen completed.

� Potable Water. SCDHS conducts annualinspections of the BNL potable water systemto collect samples and ensure that facilitiesare maintained. There were no findings in2000. All sample results were within drinkingwater standards, except for iron, which isnaturally occurring. As noted in Section 3.7.1,BNL treats the drinking water supply toremove iron prior to consumption.

� Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). SCDHS con-ducts quarterly inspections of the BNL STP.In 2000, no performance or operational issueswere identified during these inspections.

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CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

� Recharge Basins. As part of SCDHS oversight,quarterly inspections of recharge basins andother SPDES outfalls are conducted by theSCDHS. In 2000, four inspections wereconducted. While there were no SPDESissues identified during these inspections, aconcern over soil quality at Outfall 005 wasraised. Screening for PCBs showed all levelsto be less than EPA action levels for soils.

� Major Petroleum Facility (MPF). The MPF isinspected annually by NYSDEC. Thisinspection was conducted in January 2001.See Section 3.8.4 for a discussion of thisinspection.

3.14.2 INSPECTIONS BY DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY:HEADQUARTERS, CHICAGO AND BROOKHAVEN AREAOFFICE

DOE HeadquartersDOE Headquarters conducted a review of

the Laboratory’s overall performance in 2000as part of a condition contained in the BSA-DOE contract. This review consisted ofevaluation of a number of environmentalmetrics, including the amount of wasteproduced, number of SPDES permit excur-sions, releases, etc. The Laboratory exceededthe expectations established by DOE. SeeChapter 2 for more information.

DOE Chicago Operations Office In May 2000, the DOE Chicago Opera-

tions Office conducted a verification of BNL’sIntegrated Safety Management System (ISMS).This comprehensive assessment verified theadequacy of BNL’s ISMS in fulfilling therequirements of DOE Policy 450.4 (1996),Safety Management System Policy and Depart-ment of Energy Acquisition Regulation970.5204-2 (DEAR 1997), Integration of Environ-ment, Safety, and Health into Work Planning andExecution. BNL was the first multi-programLaboratory to achieve verification of ISM withno deficiencies.

Noteworthy practices identified in theverification report [DOE 2000] and the ISMSapproval letter included the following:� The Laboratory’s program for clear assign-

ment of Roles, Responsibilities, Account-abilities, and Authorities (R2A2). Thisprogram facilitates awareness responsibili-ties related to Environment, Safety, andHealth (ES&H) activities. The R2A2 pro-gram also defines the basis to set employee

performance goals and measures.� Demonstrated strong commitment and

leadership by BNL senior management towork in a formally agreed-upon partnershipwith DOE to achieve a shared vision, criticaloutcomes, performance goals, and objectivesand achieve excellence in implementing amature ISMS.

� The Laboratory’s Standards Based Manage-ment System (SBMS). The SBMS is a web-based document management system thatprovides the means to deliver Laboratorypolicies and procedures. It ensures easyaccess for Laboratory personnel as well asthe interested public.

� The Laboratory’s Environmental Manage-ment System (EMS). BNL’s EMS conformsto ISO 14001 standards, with added empha-sis on compliance assurance, communityoutreach, and pollution prevention. At thetime of the verification, BNL had achievedISO 14001 registration of the RHIC projectand was on schedule for registration ofother major Laboratory facilities. (Note:Since the ISMS verification, the ISO 14001registration has been achieved for the majorfacilities.)

DOE Brookhaven Area OfficeThe DOE Brookhaven Area Office contin-

ued to strengthen their oversight programduring 2000 and conducted complianceassessments on lead safety, affirmative pro-curement, and a review of the environmentalsubject area regulatory drivers. Severalconcerns, and areas for improvement wereidentified during these assessments. Correc-tive action plans were prepared and are beingimplemented to address all issues.

3.14.3 ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS AND MOAs

No new consent orders were issued toBNL in 2000. A notice of violation wasissued by NYSDEC as a result of the annualRCRA inspection (see discussion in Section3.9). EPA and DOE signed a voluntary MOAon March 23, 1998, which is discussed inChapter 2. During 2000, BNL continued tobe in full compliance with the terms of theMOA. All existing enforcement actions andMOAs are listed in Table 3-9, along with asummary of their status. BNL believes thatit has fully complied with the terms andconditions listed in these actions and has

3-32SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

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3-33 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2000

CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

submitted supporting documentation to theregulatory agencies. The Laboratory contin-ues to work with the regulators to closethese actions as expeditiously as possible.

REFERENCES

Bennett, D., D. Paquette, K. Klaus, W. Dorsch. 2000.Brookhaven National Laboratory Source Water Assessment forDrinking Water Supply Wells. BNL-52608. BrookhavenNational Laboratory, Upton, New York. December 2000.

BNL. 1997. BNL Site Treatment Plan. Brookhaven NationalLaboratory, Upton, New York. January 1997.

BNL. 2000. Brookhaven National Laboratory Site Master Plan.Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York,November 2000.

BNL. 2001a. Belford, M., How Does BNL Produce Its DrinkingWater? The Bulletin. 55 (18):2. May 25, 2001. BrookhavenNational Laboratory, Upton, New York.

BNL. 2001b. �2001 BNL Water Quality ConsumerConfidence Report.� The Bulletin. Special Supplement, May25, 2001. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton,New York.

Chaloupka, W. 2000a. Brookhaven National Laboratory 2000Annual Potable Water Sampling Plan. Brookhaven NationalLaboratory, Upton, New York. January 21, 2000.

Chaloupka, W. 2000b. Brookhaven National Laboratory SpillPrevention Control and Countermeasure Plan. BrookhavenNational Laboratory, Upton, New York. December 15, 2000.

DEAR 970.5204-2. 1997. Integration of Environment, Safety,and Health into Work Planning and Execution. Department ofEnergy Acquisition Regulation. U.S. Department of Energy,Washington, D.C. June 1997.

Desmarais, R. 2000. �MOA Between BHG and New YorkState Historic Preservation Office ConcerningDecommissioning Project.� DOE Letter to E.A. Zimmerman,BNL May 3, 2000.

DOE. 2000. Integrated Safety Management System Assessmentof the BNL, Verif ication. U.S. Department of Energy, Chicago,May 2000.

DOE Order 5400.5. 1990. Radiation Protection of the Publicand the Environment. U.S. Department of Energy,Washington, D.C. Change 2: 1-7-93.

DOE Policy 450.4. 1996. Safety Management System Policy.U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 10-15-96.

EPA. 2000. Federal Facilities Agreement Under CERCLA 120.Administrative Docket Number II-CERCLA-FFA-00201.

Green, T. 2000. Save America�s Treasures, Letter to J.Marburger, BNL. November 30, 2000.

Lawler, Matusky, & Skelly Engineers (LMS). 1995. Phase IISitewide Biological Inventory Report. Prepared for the Officeof Environmental Restoration, Brookhaven NationalLaboratory, Upton, New York.

Naidu, J. 1996. Brookhaven National Laboratory WildlifeManagement Plan. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton,NY. December 28, 1998.

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CHAPTER 3: COMPLIANCE STATUS

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