Composite liners tutorial A Composite Liner in Phase2, is a liner which may consist of multiple layers of material. The different

layers of a Composite Liner may have different material properties, and may be applied at different

stages. A joint may also be included in the Composite Liner, which will exist between the rockmass

and the first liner layer

This tutorial illustrates how to apply composite liners for an excavation. If you wish to skip the

model process, the finished product of this tutorial can be found in the (composite liner (fina)l.fea)

data file which is available form the download section

Model In this tutorial we will only use buttons on the toolbar to execute commands.

1. Start the Phase2 program.

2. Click the File Open button on the toolbar.

3. Navigate to the directory with your tutorial files and select the “Composite liner.fea” file. Click

the Open button.

4. Click the Zoom Window button and draw a window around the two excavations in the model.

Your screen should look similar to the image below.

5. Next click the Project Settings button on the toolbar.

6. In the Project Settings window, change the number of stages to be analyzed from 1 to 4. Select

OK.

7. We are now going to excavate the large opening in stages. At Stage 1 no material is removed

from the excavation. Click the Stage 2 tab.

8. Select the Assign Properties button on the toolbar. The Assign Properties dialog comes up.

9. In Stage 2 we will excavate the upper section of the tunnel. Click the Excavate option near the

bottom of the Assign Properties dialog window and click anywhere within the upper tunnel

section. Your screen should look like the following:

10. In Stage 3 we will excavate the middle section of the tunnel. Click the Stage 3 tab. Click

anywhere within the middle tunnel section. (Note that the Excavate option you selected from

the previous step is still active.) Your screen should look like the following:

11. In Stage 4 we will excavate the lower section of the tunnel. Click the Stage 4 tab. Click anywhere

within the lower tunnel section.

12. To save the opened file as under a different name click the File menu and select the Save As

option. Save your file with any name of your choice, e.g. “My tutorial 6”. (The extension .fea is

automatically appended to your file name.)

13. Go back to Stage 1.

To complete this model, we will first draw all the support that is required. Thereafter we will

proceed to stage the installation of the support. The support will comprise of cables and a

composite liner – shotcrete in this case.

14. Click the Pattern Bolts button on the toolbar.

15. In the resulting pop-up window, change the length of the bolts to 10 m. Do not change the

other default values in the window. Notice that at the bottom of the window, the radio button

for the option that installs bolts normal to an excavation boundary is selected. Click OK to close

the dialog.

16. Now we have to install our pattern bolts. This requires that we define (in an anti-clockwise

manner) the starting point and endpoints of the segment over which we will be installing the

support. Click a point on the boundary of the large excavation with coordinates close to (258.4,

304.2). This will be your start point.

17. Next select a point on the boundary of the large excavation with coordinates close to (245.3,

301.2). This will be your endpoint. A pattern of bolts is installed that looks like the following:

18. Click the Delete Bolt button on the toolbar. Select the topmost three bolts in the roof of the

excavation and hit the Enter key on your keyboard. Your model should now look like this:

19. We will install five cable bolts extending from the floor of the small gallery to the crown of the

large excavation. Click the Spot Bolts button on the toolbar and install 5 bolts in similar fashion

to that shown on the figure below. Hit the Escape key on the keyboard when you are done.

20. We will now add a liner to the boundary of the large excavation. Click the Add Liner button and

select all the segments that make up the large excavation. Hit the Enter key. Your screen now has

the following look:

21. Click the Save button on the toolbar to save your file.

22. We shall examine how composite liners are defined in Phase2. Click the Define Composite Properties

button on the toolbar. In this file, our composite liner is made up of two shotcrete layers. The

second layer is placed one stage after the first. This means that if for example the first shotcrete

layer of the composite liner is installed at Stage2, the second layer will be applied at Stage 3.

In our example, the different layers of the composite liner are all made of different shotcrete

liners named layer 1 and layer2. These are defined in the list of liner materials. At a later step of

the tutorial you may view or change the properties of these shotcrete liners, as well as view the

complete list of defined liners by clicking the Define Liner button.

23. Click the OK button to close the Define Composite Properties dialog.

24. Now we have to assign which support systems get installed at which stage of excavation. Click

the Assign Properties button on the toolbar.

At the very bottom of the ensuing Assign Materials dialog, there is a field with the entry “Materials”.

Clicking in this field or on the dropdown arrow beside the field reveals a list that includes Bolts,

Liners and Composite Liners. First we shall outline the order in which bolts will be installed.

Before proceeding to the next step make sure the Stage 1 tab is selected in your Phase2 model.

25. Select the Bolts option from the dropdown list. This opens the Assign Bolts dialog.

26. Select the Cables item at the very top of the list of bolt support types. (Properties of these bolts

can be viewed or changed using the Define Bolts button or menu option.)

27. Click the Remove button on the dialog and select all bolts except the five cables that extend

from the floor of the small gallery to the crown of the large excavation. Hit the enter key when

you are done selecting. All bolts will be grayed out except the five topmost cables. Your screen

should look like this:

28. Next click on the Stage 2 tab. Click the Install button on the Assign Bolts dialog and select all

bolts exposed at that stage of excavation. Hit the Enter key. Your screen should look like this:

29. Click on the Stage 3 tab. Select all bolts exposed at this stage of excavation and hit Enter. Your

screen should be similar to that below.

30. Click on the Stage 4 tab. Select all bolts exposed at this stage of excavation and hit Enter. Your

screen should be similar to that below.

31. We will now repeat the support installation process but this time for the composite liners. Select

“Composite Liners” from the dropdown list at the bottom of the Assign Bolts dialog. This

activates the Assign Composite dialog.

32. Click the Stage 2 tab. Click the Remove button on the dialog and select all liner segments below

this stage of excavation. Hit the Enter key. You will notice that the selected segments gray out.

33. Click the Stage 3 tab. Click the Install button on the Assign Composite dialog. Select the

additional liner segments that become exposed at this stage of excavation (this includes the two

exposed vertical walls and floor) and hit the enter key.

34. Click the Stage 4 tab and select the additional liner segments that become exposed at this stage

of excavation. Hit the enter key.

35. Click the Save button and run the analysis.