Upload
dylan-edwin-mcgee
View
217
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Computer AssistedAttention Training
Guy Mark Lifshitz260230337
Supervisor: Clark VerbruggeCo-Supervisor: Amir Raz
The Goal
Use computer games to improve the attention span and behaviour of children
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
PsychologyBackground:
Types of AttentionAlerting
Ability to respond to an impending event
OrientingAbility to shift focus between stimuli
ExecutiveControl over multiple neural areas to resolve conflicts
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
How Attention Training Works
Requires sustained attention
Self-regulation/conflict resolution
Working Memory
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
What existsBackground:
Existing Games
IBM Accessibility Research andThe Sackler Institute for Developmental
Psychobiology
Written in 2001
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Existing Games
Joystick based
4 – 7 year olds
healthy and ADHD children
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Existing Games Joystick Training
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Existing Games Conflict Training
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
My games
Games Created (1/5)
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Games Created (1/5)
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Games Created (2/5)
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Motivating Ideas
Primary goal:Train for joystick use
Side-benefits:Requires sustained attention
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Games Created (3/5)
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Motivating Ideas
Moving distractions(orienting, executive)
Unpredictable location (orienting)
Training of sounds(for future games)
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Games Created (4/5)
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Games Created (4/5)
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Motivating Ideas
Similar to the Stroop test
Child specific considerations:Sound rather than readingAnimals rather than colors
Green Red Blue
Green Red Blue
Green Red Blue
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Motivating Ideas
Ignore conflicting sound/visual cue(executive)
Remember the sound/visual cue(Working memory)
Requires automatedsound recognition(previous games)
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Games Created (5/5)
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Games Created (5/5)
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Games Created (5/5)
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Motivating Ideas
Player Specific Feedback (cocktail party effect)
Conflict resolution (executive attention)
Inconsistent timing (alerting attention)
Unpredictable location (orienting)
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
DevelopmentCycle
Preliminary Research
1. Meet with research assistants
2. Meet with Prof. Raz
3. Read psychology papers
4.Read Child-Computer Interaction (CCI) papers
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Development Cycle
1. Talk to RAs
2. Develop prototype
3. Test with Prof. Raz’s children
4. Get feedback from Prof. Raz
Repeat
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Development Cycle
1. Talk to RAs
2. Develop prototype
3. Test with Prof. Raz’s children
4. Get feedback from Prof. Raz
Repeat
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Constraintsand Considerations
Design ConsiderationsMeasurements
Repeatability
Modifiable
Extendible
Code reuse
Comprehensible to psychologists
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Measurements
Measure success
Measure time
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Measurements
CSVLevel, Reaction Time, Successful0, 7553, true1, 1630, true2, 1416, false1, 902, true2, 1242, true
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Repeatability
Reduce randomized aspects
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Repeatability
Reduce randomized aspectsDrawback: hard to setup
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Repeatability
Reduce randomized aspectsDrawback: hard to setup
Unclear how much randomness is acceptable
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
ModifiableConfiguration files# REQUIRED ORDER: # For video : videos must me labeled "0.mpg", "1.mpg" etc.. in order.# Position Of the goal, Right to left, top to bottom, 0 = top left, 7 = bottom right, no middle position334# Use same animal as previous round? 0 = use new animal, 1 = use same110# Show the goal animal in the middle during gameplay, 0 = no, 1 = yes110# Move the goal animal up and down?, 0 = no, 1-9 = slowest to fastest001# Move a specific bush, 0-7 = show at that locaion, 9 = show none (Note: this does not neccessarily have to be an occupied bush) 912# Show a video? 0 = no, 1 = show before, 2 = show after000#Other animal positions, 0-7 = position, 9 = don't show199299999499599699#divider to show that these are two different sets================================================#Is each obstacle animal moving? 0 = not moving, 1-9 = slowest to fastest100200000500600900
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Modifiable
Images
Sounds
Videos
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Extendible
Plot
File Structure
Game Structure
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Extendible
Plot
File Structure
Game Structure
(open ended concept)(can add videos)
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Extendible
Plot
File Structure
Game Structure
(open ended concept)(can add videos)
(profile folders with custom sounds, ideally images in future)
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Extendible
Plot
File Structure
Game Structure
(open ended concept)(can add videos)
(profile folders with custom sounds, ideally images in future)
(Games as independent classes)
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Code Reuse
Abstract classes if possible
Abstract game design
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Code Reuse
Abstract classes if possibleHard to know beforehand how to do these
Abstract game design
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
FinalThoughts
Measuring SuccessTest Performance after repeated treatment:
Conflict ResolutionChild ANT (Attention Network Test)Stroop, Simon, Flanker
Working MemoryN-Back test
IQ scores and more
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Measuring SuccessTest Performance after repeated treatment:
Not enough time or resources
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Measuring SuccessPreliminary testing on children:
Seems Fun
Keeps their attention
Games intuitive?
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Problems Encountered
• Unclear what input to use
• Mixed messages
• Psychology concepts somewhat vague
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Problems Encountered
• Unclear what input to useMouse, Joystick, Keyboard
• Mixed messages
• Psychology concepts somewhat vague
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Future Work
Create more games
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
Future Work
Run many children with the games I madeCompare ANT to first generation of gamesTest on children with ADHD
Measure child game play Head movementsTrack eyes
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results
References• Raz Lab’s games: http://www.teach-the-brain.org/learn/attention/
• “Training, maturation, and genetic influences on the development of executive attention”, Posner et al 2005
• “Alerting, Orienting, and Executive Attention”, Mezzacappa 2004• “Computer-assisted Attention Training in Schizophrenics”, M. Hermanutz
and J. Gestrich 1991• “Training Working Memory in Children With ADHD”, Klingberg et al 2002• “Typologies of attentional networks”, Raz and Buhle 2006
Future WorkBackground Games DesignDevelopment Results