Computer Science 1620 Syllabus, Introduction. Instructors Lectures Robert Benkoczi Office D520 403-329-2298 [email protected] Labs, tutorials Arie

Computer Science 1620

Syllabus, Introduction

Instructors

LecturesRobert Benkoczi Office D520 403-329-2298 [email protected]

Labs, tutorialsArie Bomhof Office C510 403-329-5171 [email protected]

Textbook

C++ ProgrammingProgram Design Including Data Structures

4th Edition (this is a picture of 3rd ed)

By: D.S. Malik

Copies have been ordered for the bookstore.

Not the first time this book has been used (so used copies may be out there).

Topics

Topics: (approximate listing and order, scheduling depends on time constraints)

1. Introduction to Programming

2. C++ Basics data types expressions variables basic input/output

3. Control Structures selection, iteration

4. Functions parameter passing, return values, prototyping, reference parameters

5. Arrays & Strings

6. Structures & Classes

Grading Scheme

Programming Assignments (8) 32% Midterm exam 20% Final Exam 40% 1 lab quiz 3% 2 class quizzes 5% CodeLab homework (bonus) 8%

Conversion to Letter Grades (may be revised):

95% or higher A+ 70% or higher C+

90% or higher A 66% or higher C

86% or higher A- 62% or higher C-

82% or higher B+ 58% or higher D+

78% or higher B 50% or higher D

74% or higher B- Lower than 50% F

Assignments

Assignments 8 assignments, due Wednesdays 23:59 4% each handed in electronically Not easy! Do not attempt to finish in 1 afternoon

Academic Honesty you are encouraged to work together to solve

problems however, you may not copy the work of another

student. TA-s will look for similar code. copying is a very serious offence … please refrain.

Codelab

Optional, but excellent learning tool for beginners. Will prepare you for assignments, midterm, and exam.

Example:

URLs:www.tcgo1.comwww.tcgo2.com

Exams

Midterm Wed. Oct. 28 (usual lecture time and location) closed book 20% of your grade

Final closed book 40% of your grade cumulative (covers everything from beginning)

no electronics allowed at exams (mp3, cell phones, etc) picture ID (preferably a student card) required to write

Quizzes: short (10-15 min), in class, announced 1 week ahead of time.

Labs

Labs hands-on experience with class concepts opportunity to work on assignments with assistance Linux/gcc concepts (not covered in class)

Tutorials: supplement class material interactive (Q & A) session)

Class web page:www.cs.uleth.ca/~a.bomhof/cs1620A

Comments No late assignments (except for medical reasons)

Plagiarism, copying, and misrepresentation are a serious offence, and can lead to severe penalties – refer to the course calendar for details. If in doubt about what constitutes cheating, please consult your instructor.

Students with special classroom or exam requirements should consult the calendar (Part 17, 12) for procedures on how to make such requests.

Comments Please be respectful of your fellow students.

try to arrive at the lecture on time please limit your discussion to class discussion during the

lecture please remember to turn off the sound on any electronic device

(laptop, cell phone, etc).

I will not answer questions about course material via e-mail. You are welcome to see me if you need help.

…. Let’s get started

Computers Man’s greatest invention? Productivity

Computers perform many tasks faster and more efficiently than humans

Communication We communicate with others all over the world quickly

Information Terabytes of information are available at our fingertips

The progress of computers1946 2007

The ENIAC• $500,000• 30 tonnes• 5000 ops/second

Laptop PC• $750• 4 lbs• billons of ops/second

Desktop computersProductivity software

Word processorsSpreadsheets

Information InternetElectronic resources (encyclopedias)

Gamesetc

How is all ofthis accomplished?

Computer Program A sequence of instructions designed to perform a

specific task, or collection of tasks Eg. Microsoft Word

Monitors keyboard input, displays it on the screen Formats input for more readable presentation Spellchecks your work Prints your work Saves your work ….

Computer ProgrammingThe science (art) of constructing a program

to achieve a specific goalThat is, for every program you have on your

desktop PC, a programmer (team of programmers) had to create that program

ProgramStep-by-step instructions to achieve the

desired task(s)Each instruction is executed by the processor

Hardware

Dr. John Von Neumann – Princeton University, Dr. John Von Neumann – Princeton University, 1946, proposed the concept of a 1946, proposed the concept of a stored stored program computerprogram computer – a computer whose – a computer whose program is stored in computer memory.program is stored in computer memory.

This architecture is still the basis for today's This architecture is still the basis for today's digital computer.digital computer.

Prior to this, the computer called the E.N.I.A.C Prior to this, the computer called the E.N.I.A.C (1946) could only be programmed by (1946) could only be programmed by connecting wires and setting switches.connecting wires and setting switches.

Von Neumann architecture

VN model: every computer is organized into four main VN model: every computer is organized into four main partsparts

CPUCPU - central processing unit - central processing unit brains of the computer.brains of the computer. eg. Pentium 4, AMD Athloneg. Pentium 4, AMD Athlon

Main MemoryMain Memory stores information being processed by the CPUstores information being processed by the CPU eg. 1 GByteeg. 1 GByte

Secondary StorageSecondary Storage stores data and programsstores data and programs eg. 200GByte Hard driveeg. 200GByte Hard drive

Input/Output devicesInput/Output devices allows people to supply information to and from allows people to supply information to and from

computerscomputers eg. printers, scanners, speakers, monitors, etc.eg. printers, scanners, speakers, monitors, etc.

ExampleSuppose we wish to perform the following

calculation:

how do we program our computer to make this calculation?

(17 + 29) x 56

Machine Code the language of your processor

each line represents an instruction to be executed (this “code” is stored in the memory; CPU executes the instruction pointed by the Program Counter; after execution, the PC points to the next instruction, etc)

00001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000

place value "17" in memory location 1

place value "29" in memory location 2add values in loc. 1 and 2, place in loc. 3


multiply values in loc. 3 and 4, place in loc. 5 the solution to the problem is in memory location 5

Machine Code – Problems 1) Difficult to read and write

the numeric version of each instruction must be remembered each number must be translated to binary

00001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000



add values in loc. 1 and 2, place in loc. 3


multiply values in loc. 3 and 4, place in loc. 5

Machine Code – Problems 2) Prone to error

mistaking a 1 for a 0 (or vice versa) can cause program failure difficult to diagnose

00001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000



add values in loc. 1 and 2, place in loc. 3


multiply values in loc. 3 and 4, place in loc. 5

if these two bits are switched, addition will occur instead of multiplication

Machine Code – Problems 3) Time Consuming

simple formula required 5 instructions suppose you had a really complex task?

000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000001001010111000000001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000001001010111000000001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000

000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000001001010111000000001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000001001010111000000001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000

000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000001001010111000000001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000001001010111000000001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000

000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000001001010111000000001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000001001010111000000001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000

000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000001001010111000000001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000001001010111000000001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000

000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000001001010111000000001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000001001010111000000001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000

000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000001001010111000000001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000001001010111000000001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000

000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000001001010111000000001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000001001010111000000001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000000010010001000100001010000111010001001100101000000011000011100000100101011100000000100100010001000010100001110100010011001010000000110000111000

Machine Code – Problems 4) Unnatural

machine instructions are quite far from natural language not entirely intuitive what is being done

•place value "17" in memory location 1


•add values in loc. 1 and 2, place in loc. 3


•multiply values in loc. 3 and 4, place in loc. 5

means (17 + 29) x 56

Machine-Specificonly processors implementing that specific

instruction set can interpret the code

00001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000

This may not correspond to a load commandon other processors.

Assembly Codeclose to machine codedifferences

numbers can be written in a different base (decimal)

instruction type given readable name instruction is separated visibly into components

Assembly Code

00001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000

Machine Code

load t1 17load t2 29add t3 t1 t2load t4 56mult t5 t3 t4

Assembly Code

Note: A 1 to 1 instruction correspondence with machine code

Assembly Code to Machine Codeprocessor does not interpret assembly codea separate program called an assembler

translates the assembly code to machine code

00001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000


Assembler

Assembly Code vs. Machine Code

• Difficult to read and write

• Error Prone

• Time Consuming

• Unnatural

• Machine Specific

Machine Code

• Symbolic representations of instructions and numbers easier to read

• Symbolic representations of instructions and numbers reduce error

• Time Consuming

• Unnatural

• Machine Specific

Assembly Code

High-Level Programming Languagee.g. C++, Java, Pascal offers a more natural language for

programmingcommands are less coupled to the

instructions of the processor

High-Level Programming Language (C++)

00001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000


Machine Code Assembly Code

(17 + 29) * 56;

C++ Code

HL Code to Machine Codeprocessor definitely does not interpret high-

level codea separate program called a compiler

translates the code to machine code

00001001000100010000101000011101000100110010100000001100001110000010010101110000

(17+29) * 56;

Compiler

High-Level Code vs. Machine Code

• Difficult to read and write

• Error prone

Machine Code

• Most of the instructions in C++ are English words (if, else, while, for, do)

• numbers can be written in base 10, or 16, or 8, etc.

• words and numbers easier to interpret

• compiler flags all syntax errors for the programmer

High Level Code


• Time Consuming

• Unnatural

Machine Code

• One C++ instruction often translates to many machine instructions

• Existing C++ libraries are available for use and cut programming time dramatically

• instructions are often English words

• mathematical formulae can be written in familiar notation

High Level Code


• Machine-specific

Machine Code

• C++ is universal

• Only the compiler is machine-specific

High Level Code

C++a "high-level language"developed by Stroustrup

extended the "C" languagea very popular programming

languageefficient – yet powerful

Documents

Computer Science 1620 Syllabus, Introduction. Instructors Lectures Robert Benkoczi Office D520 403-329-2298 [email protected] Labs, tutorials Arie