CONCEPTS of BiologyChapter 16 THE BODY’S SYSTEMS

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Homeostasis

set point

Thermoregulation

ectotherm endotherm

insulation

shivering

“goose bumps”

circulatory systems

behavior

Figure 16.2

The body is able to regulate temperature in response to signals from the nervous system.

fever: resetting the thermostat to a higher value

Osmoregulation

maintaining salt and water balance

Excretory System

also see Figure 16.3

The kidneys filter blood and form urine, which is stored in the bladder until it is eliminated through the urethra.

Dialysis can do only about 10% of the work that a functioning kidney can do and frequently causes other severe health problems ... the average life expectancy of a person on dialysis is only about 5 years.

Read more: http://www.livingkidneydonorsearch.com/living-donation/dialysis-a-poor-option/

Digestive System

Figure 16.4

salivary glands

esophagus

an autoimmune disorder that can occur in genetically predisposed people

Figure 16.6

The large intestine reabsorbs water from undigested food and stores waste until it is eliminated. (credit: modification of work by Mariana Ruiz Villareal)

Circulatory and Respiratory Systems