Conditional SentencesConditional Sentences“If grandma had wheels she’d be a bicycle ”If grandma had wheels she d be a bicycle.

C diti l tConditional sentences•Conditional Sentences are also known as

C d l Cl If ClConditional Clauses or If Clauses.•Th d t th t th ti i th •They are used to express that the action in the

main clause (without if) can only take place if a main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is ffulfilled.

C diti l S tConditional Sentences•There are two kinds of conditional sentences:

l d l real and unreal. •Real Conditional describes real-life situationsReal Conditional describes real life situations.•Unreal Conditional describes unreal, imaginary

situations.•However there are three types of •However there are three types of

Conditional Sentences.

Wh t d th t t ll b t lit ?What do these sentences tell us about reality?

•If you work hard, you’ll succeed.

If k h l •If you worked hard, you would succeed.

•If h d k d h d ld h •If you had worked hard, you would have succeededsucceeded.

C l1st Conditional

A touch of realityA touch of reality…

If-clause Main clausePresent simplePresent simple willwill

If I see him, I will give him the book.

If I don’t see him, I will phone him in the If I don t see him, I will phone him in the evening.

The order of the clauses can be reversed. In this case DO NOT NOT use a comma.

I will phone him in the evening if I don’t see him.p g f

U f C diti l t p 1Use of Conditional type 1•Conditional Sentences Type I refer to the future.

•An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time.

•We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen y pp

Fi i h th f ll i tFinish the following sentences…1. If I go away on holiday this year…2. If I lose all my money…3 If we get too much homework3. If we get too much homework…4. If my friend gets into trouble..5. If we finish early today…6 I’ll eat my hat if6. I ll eat my hat if…7. This school will have to close if…8. We will all be very happy if…9. I will be rather disappointed if…pp f10. Will you help me if…

UNLESSUNLESS

UNLESSUNLESS• Unless = If … not

•If you don’t run, you’ll miss the bus.

•Unless you run, you’ll miss the bus.

C l2nd Conditional

There’s still hopeThere s still hope…

If-clause Main clausePast simplePast simple wouldwould

If I won the lottery, I would buy a house.

If I had a car, I wouldn’t walk to school.If I had a car, I wouldn t walk to school.

The order of the clauses can be reversed. In this case DO NOT NOT use a comma.

I would read more if I didn’t watch so much TV.f V

U f C diti l t p 2Use of Conditional type 2• Conditional Type 2 is an unreal conditional.

•The Unreal Conditional is used to talk about improbable conditions or impossible situations.

Pl t k l k t th l f llPlease take a look at the example carefully…

•Conditional sentence •If John had money, he ld b F

•T F t 1would buy a Ferrari.

•J h d ’t h •True Fact 1 •John doesn t have money, He will not buy a Ferrari

•True Fact 2He will not buy a Ferrari

•John buys an ordinary car.J n buys an rdinary ar.

Pl t k l k t th l f llPlease take a look at the example carefully…

•Conditional sentence •If I found her address, I wo ld se d her a i itatio

•True Fact 1would send her an invitation.

• I don’t find her address I True Fact 1 I don t find her address, I will not send her an

T F

invitation I ’ d ff l f d h •True Fact 2 •It’s difficult to find her addressaddress

WW i t d f WereWere instead of was•In Conditional Sentence Type II, we usually

‘use ‚were‘ – even if the pronoun is I, he, she itor it –.

W d ’t i C diti l S t •We don’t use was in Conditional Sentence Type IIType II

If I were yo I wo ld tell herIf I were you, I would tell her.

Fi i h th f ll i tFinish the following sentences…1. If people had eyes in the backs of their heads…2. If cars didn’t exist..f3. I would not tell him…4 If I were rich4. If I were rich…5. If my best friend won the lottery…6 W ld kill d6. We would kill a dog…7. If we couldn’t speak English…

W ’8. We wouldn’t go to Paris…9. I would give you all my clothes…y y10. If schools didn’t exist…

Th d ( l) C lThe 3rd (unreal) Conditional

The land of regretsThe land of regrets…

If-clause Main clausePast PerfectPast Perfect would have + past participlewould have + past participle

If I had seen you, I would have said hello.

If you had told me the truth, I would have forgiven you.If you had told me the truth, I would have forgiven you.

The order of the clauses can be reversed. In this case DO NOT NOT use a comma.

I would have forgiven you if you had told me the truth.f g y f y

U f C diti l t p 3Use of Conditional type 3• Conditional Type 3 is an unreal past

conditional.

•The Unreal Conditional is used to speculate b about imaginary situations or to regret past

e e tsevents.

Wh t h t d ?What have you not done?•went to bed early last night?• dyed your hair pink?• travelled to Africa?• joined the army?

SSay…•4 things you haven’t done (that you wish

)you had)

• 4 things you’ve done (that you wish you h d ’ )hadn’t)

C l SC l SConditional SentencesConditional Sentences

ExercisesExercisesSt de t’s BookStudent s Book

P 73 i 1Page 73 – exercise 1a) If she goes by plane, she will arrive

early.) /b) If he was/were a respectful person, he

ld ’t b h lik th twouldn’t behave like that.) If h l b h ll c) If she travels by car, the journey will

last forlast for…

P 73 i 1Page 73 – exercise 1d) If he pays for anything...e) If they met in L.A., she would visit...f) Hurry up if you want to catch the train.

P 73 E i 2Page 73 – Exercise 2a) … she wouldn’t know her mark.)b) … she would do something about it.) h l f bc) … she would find a good job.

d) h ld d) … he would accept it.) h ill ie) … she will win.

f) ld g t f) … would go out more.

P 73 E i 2Page 73 – Exercise 2)g) … someone will talk to her.

h) ’d b f l b t th i f ti h) … you d be careful about the information you gave.g

i) … you won’t trust him/her ever again.)j) … they would learn more.k) her pe pal she wo ld be very happyk) … her pen pal, she would be very happy.l) … they would visit him / her.) … y / .

P 73 i 3Page 73 – exercise 3a) Unless she trains hard, she won’t succeed.b) Unless she phones to say she has changed

th l h ill bthe plans, he will be….) U l ss h p s d s h sh ’tc) Unless he persuades her, she won t…

d) Unless you play fewer computer games you d) Unless you play fewer computer games, you won’t have…

P 83 i 5 1Page 83 – exercise 5 - 1a) If you go to this college, you will learn

a lot…)b) If they paid in advance, they would have

ba bonus.) If h k h h c) If she takes part in this exchange

project she will eet ew peopleproject, she will meet new people.

P 83 i 5 1Page 83 – exercise 5 - 1d) If they facilitated the task, they would

avoid problems.)e) If he programmes the activities, there

ill b ti f thiwill be time for everything.f) If h h d f) If teachers accompany the students, ...

P 83 i 5 2Page 83 – exercise 5 - 2a) … you will get there earlier.)b) … they would learn faster.) ll f c) … someone will find out.

d) ll k f h ld) … you will ask for help.) ld b bl t k ite) … would be able to speak it.

f) sh ill h t p stp th t st f) … she will have to postpone the test.

P 154 i 1Page 154 – exercise 1a) If Jimmy hadn’t watched so much TV, …)b) … if he had spent his time…) I l ’ h fc) … I wouldn’t have missed my favourite…

d) If h d ld h dd) If you had told her in advance…) If th b d i h d ’t e) If the bus drivers hadn t gone on …

f) ld ’t h g t f tf) … you wouldn t have got fat.

P 154 i 2Page 154 – exercise 2a) If my teacher hadn’t given me a lot of

homework, I would have gone to the f tb ll t h ith f thfootball match with my father.

b) I ld h b ht th t T hi t if I b) I would have bought that T-shirt if I hadn’t spent all my money on DVDshadn t spent all my money on DVDs.

P 154 i 2Page 154 – exercise 2c) We would have moved last Summer if I

had not been tired.)d) If I hadn’t felt ill during the exam, I

ld h fi i h d itwould have finished it.) Sh ld ’ h d d h DVD e) She wouldn’t have damaged the DVD

player if she had read the i str ctio splayer if she had read the instructions.

C l SC l SConditional SentencesConditional Sentences

ExercisesExercisesWorkbookWorkbook

P 21 i L (1)Page 21 – exercise L (1)a) … you won’t have money to buy a …b) … they would be surprised.c) If she reads this tale,…d) If you catch the wrong bus, …e) If he touches that plate, …

P 21 i L (1)Page 21 – exercise L (1)f) … they will have a comfortable journey.g) … I would buy a bigger flat.h) … it will take us about …i) … the plane would land at London

Airport.

P 21 i L (2)Page 21 – exercise L (2)a) … you would improve your English.b) … they will spend a lot of money.)c) … she will have an individual room.

d) h ld k h h bd) … they would get to know their habits.) ill h l h d ite) … someone will help whenever you need it.

f) ’t h l ft!f) … you won t have any money left!

P 21 i M (1)Page 21 – exercise M (1)a) … you hurry up.)b) … they get a subsidy.) U l h I’ll c) Unless she arrives now, I’ll …

d) d) … it snows.) f th h d h l d e) … my father had helped me.

f) l ss g ith f) … unless you go with me.

P 47 i D (1)Page 47 – exercise D (1)a) … we would have visited the island.)b) … she would have moved to New Jersey.) h l h c) … he would have caused an accident.

d) h ld h dd) … she would have escaped.) h ld ’t h b i t ble) … he wouldn t have been in trouble.

f) h ld h b ps tf) … he would have become upset.

P 47 i D (2)Page 47 – exercise D (2)a) …she wouldn’t have heard the verdict.b) … they would have got better places.c) … he wouldn’t have lost the keys.d) … she would have been chosen.e) … I would have helped you.

C l C l Conditional sentencesConditional sentences

Worksheet no 1Worksheet no. 1

E i AExercise A

( )1. If you had studied (study) for the test, you would have passed (pass) it. p (p )

2. If you had asked (ask) me, I would have helped(help) you. (help) you.

3. If we had gone (go) to the cinema, we would have seen(s ) f i d J b (see) my friend Jacob.

4. If you had spoken (speak) English, she would have ( ) understood (understand).

5. If they had listened (listen) to me, we would have f y ( ) ,been (be) home earlier.

E i AExercise A

( )6. I would have written (write) you a postcard if I had had (have) your address. ( ) y

7. If I hadn’t broken (not / break) my leg, I would have taken (take part) in the contest. taken (take part) in the contest.

8. If it hadn’t started (not/ start) to rain, we would h lk d ( lk) t th s have walked (walk) to the museum.

9. We would have swum (swim) in the sea if there hadn’t ( / ) k been (not / be) so many sharks there.

10. If she hadn’t taken (not take) the bus, she wouldn’t f ( ) ,have arrived (not / arrive) on time.

Exercise B1. If he had dropped the vase, it would have broken. 2. If you have to do the washing up, I will help you.

IIIIII

IIf y g p, p y3. If I had a hammer, I'd hammer in the morning ... (song)4 I wouldn't run away if I saw a spider

IIII

IIII4. I wouldn t run away if I saw a spider.5. We'd have given you a lift if you hadn't had your bike with

IIII

IIIIIIyou.6. If you had listened to me, the accident wouldn't have

h d

IIIIII

happened.7. If we don't get tickets for the concert, we'll stay at home.

IIIIIIII

8. They'd go by bus if they didn't have a car.9. She'll hear us if you don't stop laughing.

IIII

II. f y n p g ng.10. He wouldn't have taken the bread if he hadn't been hungry. IIIIII

E i CExercise C1. If I were (be) stronger, I'd help you carry the

piano IIIIpiano. 2. If we'd seen you, we would have stopped (stop).

IIII

IIIIIIf y pp ( p)3. If we meet (meet) him tomorrow, we'll say hello. II

4. He would have repaired the car himself if he had had(have) the tools IIIIIIhad(have) the tools.

5. If you drop the vase, it will break (break). IIIIII

IIf y p ( )

E i CExercise C6. She would have come to the party if she had not been

(not be) on holiday. IIIIII( ) y7. I wouldn't go to school by bus if I had (have) a driving

license. IIIIlicense. 8. If she didn’t see (not see) him every day, she'd be

l si k

IIII

lovesick. 9. I won’t travel (not travel) to London if I don't get a

fl

IIII

cheap flight. 10. We'd be stupid if we told (tell) him about our secret.

II

IIIIW p f ( )

E i DExercise D1. My grandfather can’t see unless he wears

glassesglasses.2. You are not a responsible citizen unless you p y

pay taxes regularly.3 J h t if A i h 3. John gets very angry if Annie comes home

late in the evening.g4. I wouldn’t have believed if I had not seen

lfmyself.

C l C l Conditional sentencesConditional sentences

Worksheet no 2Worksheet no. 2

E i AExercise A1. If you buy a new robot, you’ll see its

advantagesadvantages.2. If many companies don’t use on-line marketing, f y p g

it won’t touch a wide range of consumers.OROR

If many companies didn’t use on-line f y pmarketing, it wouldn’t touch a wide range of consumersconsumers.

E i AExercise A3. If telemedicine didn’t treat many patients

’sucessfully, it wouldn’t be urgent to i t d it id lintroduce it widely.

4 If t t h l i l d did ’t 4. If most technological advances didn’t carry along some bad effects some carry along some bad effects, some citizens wouldn’t be against themcitizens wouldn t be against them.

E i AExercise A5. If men hadn’t many machines at their

d l h ld ’ h disposal, they wouldn’t have time to enjoy lifelife.

6 If a large number of entrepreneurs weren’t 6. If a large number of entrepreneurs weren t introducing automation in their factories, g fproductivity wouldn’t be heightening too.

E i AExercise A7. If robots didn’t do several heavy dirty

’tasks, they wouldn’t be appreciated by d tmodern entrepreneurs.

8 If k d ’t l h t k ith 8. If workers don’t learn how to work with cutting edge technology they will be cutting-edge technology, they will be made redundantmade redundant.

E i BExercise B1. … people would have written letters to

communicatecommunicate.2. … would spend more money on salaries.p y3. …didn’t buy new and better machines.

’4. …if money weren’t spent on research.5 someo e had ’t i ve ted them!5. …someone hadn t invented them!6. …my students wouldn’t bring them to class…. … y n n ng …

E i BExercise B7. …men will come back to factories!8. …we wouldn’t have the phone.9. …men prove to be better than machines.

h ll h10. …we stop wanting everything in a cell phone.11 I ld ’t b bl t h t ith f i d11. …I wouldn’t be able to chat with my friends.12 ’t h t b t h lth12. …we won t have to worry about our health.

E i BExercise B13. … we wouldn’t need anything else.14 th ld p d l t f i ph 14. …they would spend a lot of money in phone

calls.15. …they didn’t improve our quality of life.

’16. …robots hadn’t been invented.17 we wo ld still carry o r walkma17. …we would still carry our walkman.18. …if the net didn’t exist.. … f n n .