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Quentin Wodon Development Dialogue on Values and Ethics Human Development Network. Conference on Working Women: Better Outcomes for Growth November 18, 2009. Gender Impact of Cash for Work Programs (in West and Central Africa). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Conference onWorking Women: Better Outcomes for Growth
November 18, 2009
Gender Impact of Cash for Work Programs (in West and Central Africa)
Quentin WodonDevelopment Dialogue on Values and Ethics Human Development Network
Context – West Africa hard hit by food price increase in 2007-08 Increase in population share in poverty from
50% increase in selected food pricesFigure 1: Upper and Lower Bound Poverty Impacts
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Ghana Togo Guinee Nigeria SierraLeone
Gabon RDC Mali Liberia Niger
Per
cent
age
Poi
nt I
ncre
ase
in P
over
ty
Upper Bound
Lower Bound
Main responses – Tax cuts on food imports & cash for work programs Tax cuts poorly targeted in most countries Cash for work potentially better targeted Gender Action Plan funding for testing light
evaluation instruments and gender focus 2 main case studies for the light evaluation
instrument: Liberia and Sierra Leone Analysis of labor markets in both countries
(and a few other West African countries) Emphasis on gender aspects
Liberia CfWTEP
US$10m from GFRP to Support vulnerable women and children with WFP to feed
up to 62,000 children (3m) Support agricultural supply response to reduce post-
harvest losses and increase productivity (4m) Provide temporary employment through cash for work
program (CfWTEP 3m) by creating 680,000 person/days labor in 2 years (17,000 workers)
Implementation arrangements Management by Liberian Agency for Community
Empowerement (LACE) Local LACE Implementing Partners by county ECOBANK payments (branches or mobile teams)
Liberia CfWTEP
Post-conflict setting – basic infrastructure needs Perception of high unemployment; CWIQ 2007:
11% unemployed, 8% undermployed Half of workforce in unpaid/low productivity work
(may weaken targeting of CfW) Women with substantially lower earnings
Features of CfW program 2007 minimum wage US$ 2.5/day. Pressure to
increase wages in CfW to $3.0 40 working days per person. 75% of project cost to labor/materials costs.
Light evaluation instrument
3 objectives of survey instrument Measurement of targeting performance Impact of programs on ind/hh income
(taking substitution effects into account) Use of wages received by individuals and
households through cash for work Status of implementation
Liberia: data collection completed; preliminary analysis by end December
SL: data collection on-going
Light evaluation instrument
Features of survey instrunment Length: 5 page questionnaire Sections on characteristics of households
and individual program participant; detailed employment history; solidarity mechanisms; program assessment/impact; household assets; other income sources
Sample size: 1,000 Cost: only $20,000/country for data
collection and entry
Gender aspects of evaluation
Uptake of programs & HH structure Comparison: male vs. female participants
Targeting performance Wage substitution effects Use of funds (light analysis of intra-
household allocation mechanisms) Perceptions/other aspects (ID, Bank, …)
Comparison with national survey data Ex post vs ex ante simulated performance Values – religion, culture, etc. as factors
Conclusion
Potentially innovative and low cost light evaluation instrument
Close collaboration between anchor and regional unit with government agencies
Ability to replicate in other countries and to adapt to other types of programs
Interest of HDN’s Development Dialogue on Values and Ethics to work with you
Thank you !