CONFERENCE PROCEEDING - usapassionpublication.com · mengisi borang soal selidik. Kajian ini mendapati wujud wujud skor konsep kendiri yang tinggi dalam kalangan Kajian ini mendapati

USA PASSION DEVELOPMENTCONFERENCE PROCEEDING

EISBN: 978-967-16483-4-6

The 1st InternationalConference of Social

Science, Humanities & Art(ICSSHA 2018)

0

International Conference of Social Science, Humanities & Art(ICSSHA 2018)

22ND TO 23RD SEPTEMBER 2018,

CORUS PARADISE RESORT, PORT DICKSON MALAYSIA.

Copyright © 2018

USA Passion Development Sdn Bhd (1279049-D)No. 30-3A,Tingkat 4, Jalan Putra 8, Taman Putra Kajang,

43000 Kajang, Selangor.

All rights reserved. No part of this proceeding may be reproduced or

transmitted in any form or by any process without the prior written

permission of the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations

for Review.

EISBN : 978-967-16483-4-6

EDITORIAL BOARD

EDITOR IN CHIEF

Prof. Dato' Sri Dr. Ashgar Ali bin Ali Mohamed

Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia (International Islamic University of Malaysia)

EDITOR

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd. Faizal Mohd Isa

Universiti Utara Malaysia (North University of Malaysia)

CO-EDITOR

Dr. Zul Ariff Bin Abdul Latiff

Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (University of Kelantan Malaysia)

MANAGING EDITOR

Mr. Muhammad Aidil Bin A Raof

USA Passion Development Sdn. Bhd.

CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

ADOLESCENTS’ SELF CONCEPT AND DELINQUENT BEHAVIOUR OFSINGLE MOTHER FAMILIESBy Norlizah C. Hassan

1

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTISE OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD(PBUH) DIETARY AND MEDICINE AMONG PHARMACY STUDENTSIN MALAYSIABy Roz Azinur Che Lamin, Qi Ying Lean, Nursyuhadah Othman & SofwanHasbullah

4

ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS ON UNDIAGNOSED DIABETESMELLITUS AMONG INDIVIDUALS : EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIABy Ooi Wei Lim,Chen Chen Yong

PROPHET MUHAMMAD (PBUH) DIETARY AND MEDICINE:PHARMACY STUDENTS’ ASSESSMENT AND ACCEPTANCEBy Roz Azinur Che Lamin, Qi Ying Lean, Nursyuhadah Othman & SofwanHasbullah

PLANNING PROCESS DEVELOPMENT OF CULTIVATION FISHERYBASED MINAPOLITAN IN MALANG DISTRICTBy Trisnawati

7

13

16

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE, HUMANITIES & ART (ICSSHA 2018)22ND TO 23RD SEPTEMBER 2018,

CORUS PARADISE RESORT, PORT DICKSON MALAYSIAEISBN: 978-967-16483-4-6

1

ADOLESCENTS’ SELF CONCEPT AND DELINQUENT BEHAVIOUROF SINGLE MOTHER FAMILIES

KONSEP KENDIRI DAN TINGKAH LAKU DELINKUEN REMAJAKELUARGA IBU TUNGGAL

Norlizah C. Hassan1

1Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia

________________________________________________________________________________________

Abstrak: Kajian ini dijalankan secara survey dengan seramai 63 orang remaja (keluarga ibu tunggal) diminta untukmengisi borang soal selidik. Kajian ini mendapati wujud wujud skor konsep kendiri yang tinggi dalam kalanganmajoriti remaja keluarga ibu tunggal, selain skor yang rendah pada tingkah laku delinkuen. Begitu juga wujudperkaitan yang signifikan antara konsep kendiri dengan tingkah laku delinkuen. Dapatan kajian merumuskan bahawakonsep kendiri yang tinggi dapat menghalang pelajar daripada terjebak dengan permasalahan sosial dan tingkahlaku delinkuen, sebagaimana kupasan daripada beberapa teori yang diutarakan dalam kajian ini. Beberapacadangan juga turut diutarakan kepada pihak yang berkenaan dalam usaha untuk memperkasakan aspek konsepkendiri dan tingkah laku delinkuen remaja. Konsep kendiri positif mampu menjadi benteng kepada permasalahansosial dalam kalangan remaja, dan kajian ini juga turut memberi cadangan kepada para ibu bapa, guru dan sekolahkhususnya dalam memahami aspek perkembangan remaja.

Kata Kunci: remaja, konsep kendiri, tingkah laku delinkuen dan keluarga ibu tunggal

Pengenalan

Aspek konsep kendiri dan tingkah laku delinkuen adalah fenomena sosial yang mempengaruhi perkembangan diriremaja terutamanya remaja pelajar dari keluarga ibu tunggal. Konsep kendiri merupakan fenomena kendiri yangmerangkumi aspek kehidupan dan pengalaman yang berkait rapat dengan keluarga. Oleh itu, konsep kendiri dilihatsebagai satu pemboleh ubah yang penting dalam menjelaskan tingkah laku manusia. Konsep kendiri juga turutmempengaruhi pembentukan sikap seseorang. Konsep kendiri dapat menerangkan tentang pemahaman seseorangindividu terhadap tingkah laku sosial yang diperolehi melalui pengalaman dan muncul dalam proses perkembanganseseorang individu. Bermula pada peringkat remaja dan di sepanjang peringkat ini, berlaku perubahan yangmendadak dalam pelbagai aspek diri remaja dan perubahan ini saling mempengaruhi antara satu sama lain, iaituaspek-aspek emosi, sosial dan fizikal. Menurut, Judith Mabey dan Bernice Sorenson (1995) remaja didefinisikansebagai suatu proses perubahan pembesaran tubuh badan dan peningkatan usia dari zaman kanak-kanak ke zamanbaru iaitu remaja. Pelbagai rintangan dan cabaran akan ditempuhi sama ada aspek emosi, sosial dan fizikal.Perubahan-perubahan yang berlaku ini jika tidak dikawal dengan baik mungkin akan menjerumuskan remaja ke arahaktiviti yang tidak sihat.



2

OBJEKTIFKajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti konsep kendiri dan tingkah laku delinkuen remaja keluarga ibu tunggal,selain mengkaji hubungan antara konsep kendiri dan tingkah laku delinkuen.

KAJIAN LITERATUR

Ingatan tentang peristiwa perceraian ibu bapa akan mempengaruhi tahap penyesuaian anak-anak. Kombinasipermasalahan seperti proses penjagaan oleh ibu ataupun bapa tunggal, tekanan akibat dari kekurangan sumberkewangan selepas perceraian, kekurangan sokongan dan konflik dalam keluarga yang berterusan memberikanimpak negatif atas persepsi penjaga tunggal serta tingkah laku keibubapaan yang merangkumi cara gayakeibubapaan dan seterusnya memberikan impak yang negatif pula terhadap perkembangan diri anak-anak (Hoeve etal., 2009).

METODOLOGI

Kajian ini dijalankan ke atas 63 remaja keluarga ibu tunggal yang dipilih secara persampelan bertujuan (purposivesampling). Murid-murid ini telah dikenalpasti oleh pihak sekolah dan semua murid ini mewakili empat buah sekolahdari sembilan buah sekolah di sebuah daerah di Kelantan. Soal selidik yang diguna pakai ialah soal selidik TheTennesse Self Concept Scale yang dibentuk oleh Fitts (1965). Manakala soal selidik bagi mengukur tingkah lakudelinkuen adalah dengan menggunakan senarai 55 item tingkah laku kenakalan remaja yang biasa berlaku disekolah-sekolah menengah di Malaysia (Azizah Lebai Nordin, 2001).

DAPATAN KAJIAN

Dapatan kajian menunjukkan majoriti remaja dari keluarga ibu tunggal mempunyai tahap kendiri yang tinggi di manamempunyai persamaan dengan beberapa kajian yang telah dijalankan, salah satunya adalah kajian oleh Guthmandan Robles-Pina (2002).Selain itu, Demo (1992) berpendapat bahawa anak-anak yang menghadapi masalahperpisahan ibu bapa mereka masakini (tahun 90-an) kebanyakannya lebih cekal dan dapat menyesuaikan diri tinggalbersama induk tunggal berbanding anak-anak tahun 60-an yang mengalami masalah yang sama. Sokongan moraldan fizikal mungkin menjadi salah satu factor terhadap perbezaan tahap kendiri pada tahun 60-an dan 90-an.

Hasil kajian berkaitan tingkah laku delinkuen (remaja keluarga ibu tungga) memperincikan penglibatan remajakeluarga ibu tunggal dalam semua jenis masalah disiplin mengikut klasifikasi Kementerian Pendidikan (1990).Walaubagaimanapun, didapati kadar bagi tahap penglibatan remaja bagi setiap klasifikasi adalah sangat rendah,iaitu tidak sampai 2% remaja dari keluarga ibu tunggal yang terlibat dengan tingkah laku delinkuen.

Manakala bagi kategori lain, didapati penglibatan remaja adalah tiada langsung ataupun 100% rendah, iaitu bagikategori tingkah laku jenayah, kekemasan diri, tingkah laku kurang sopan dan biadap, tingkah laku tidak jujur/menipu dan ponteng dan lari dari rumah.

Jadual 1: Perkaitan antara Konsep Kendiri dengan Tingkah laku Delinkuen________________________________________________________________________________Konsep kendiri Tingkahlaku delinkuen

r nilai signifikan________________________________________________________________________________

Keluarga Ibu Tunggal -.344* 0.001

________________________________________________________________________________Signifikan pada tahap 0.05



3

KESIMPULAN

Daripada kajian yang terhad persampelannya ini, didapati tahap konsep kendiri remaja adalah tinggi dengan analisakorelasi menunjukkan wujud hubungan yang signifikan antara konsep kendiri dan tingkah laku delinkuen. Untukkajian akan datang adalah dicadangkan agar mengambilkira kajian berkait dengan kekuatan dan resiliensi sesebuahkeluarga induk tunggal, dan begitu juga tahap kekuatan dan resiliensi anak-anak ibu tunggal. Aspek kekuatan danresiliensi keluarga ibu tunggal hendaklah diberikan tumpuan dalam kajian memandangkan peningkatan perceraiandalam kalangan pasangan. Selain itu kajian seterusnya juga perlu mempelbagaikan method kajian sepertimenggunakan kajian kuali yang lebih mendalam.

RUJUKAN

1. Amato, P.R. & Gilbreth, J.G. (1999). Non resident fathers and children well being: A meta analysis. Journalof the Marriage and the Family, 61: 557-573.

2. Azizah Lebai Nordin. (2001). Masalah disiplin di kalangan remaja tingkatan empat di Kuala Lumpur. TesisPhd yang tidak diterbitkan. Universiti Malaya: Kuala Lumpur



4

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTISE OF PROPHETMUHAMMAD (PBUH) DIETARY AND MEDICINE AMONG

PHARMACY STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA

Roz Azinur Che Lamin1, Qi Ying Lean1, Nursyuhadah Othman1 & Sofwan Hasbullah2

1 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Teknology MARA, Malaysia.2 Academic of Contemporary Islamic Study University of Teknology MARA, Malaysia_________________________________________________________________________________________

Abstract: Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine has been widely advertised and also commonlypractised among Malaysians especially among the Muslim. The campaign on Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietaryand medicine has aimed to increase awareness among the public, but the awareness among the pharmacy studentsremain unknown. This was a cross sectional study to assess the level of student’s knowledge, attitude and practisetoward Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine. This study was conducted at one university in north stateof Malaysia. A total of 138 pharmacy students from Faculty of Pharmacy were invited to participate in this study. Thenumber of students that aware of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine practices (Mean Rank = 71.34,n=138) were significantly higher than those to unaware group of respondents. The majority (73.1%) of therespondents claimed that they practised the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine with various reasons.However, the existing knowledge from the informal education on Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicineis not sufficient to give high impact on student’s attitude and practise.

Key words: Knowledge, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), practices, Malaysia and medicine



5

INTRODUCTION

The lifestyle and eating habits among Malaysians are influenced by local cultures (Fournier, Tibère, Laporte,Mognard & Poulain 2016). Malaysia as a multi-racial country has a lot of custom and tradition especial in dietary andmedicine. In Malaysia, the complexity of the social cultural and ethnicity may contribute to the diversity of dietary andmedicine practices. Although different ethnics have their own custom and tradition, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)dietary and medicine are widely practised among Malaysians especially Muslims. In Islam, Prophet Muhammad(PBUH) was the last Messenger and prophet sent by Allah to guide humanity to the right way (Al Quran). There wasa study on Sunnah diet’s perception among youth at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) which coveredmulti-discipline such as engineering, medicine, dentistry and nursing (Ishak et al. 2013).

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge about Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine,specifically pharmacy students. We also determined the student’s information seeking method and their practise onProphet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine.

METHODOLOGY

This study was conducted at Universiti Teknologi MARA Pulau Pinang, Bertam campus, Malaysia. A total of 138 offirst year pharmacy students were invited to participate in this study. The protocol of study had been approved by theuniversity Research Ethic Committee.

A set of questionnaire was constructed based on Che Lamin et al, (2017) and content validated. The questionnaireconsisted three sections: i) demographic data, ii) student’s awareness and their practise and attitude toward ProphetMuhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine, iii) knowledge of definition on Quran, Sunnah and Prophetic medicine andscientific facts of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine.

FINDINGS

Based on the finding that have been made, we found out some factors that affect the the level of knowledge aboutProphet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine, specifically pharmacy. There are as follows:

i. Student’s education background and their awareness.ii. The choices of information sources type.iii. The reason of not practising the Prophet Muhammad in the respondent’s diet and medicine practices.iv. Reason of practising the Prophet Muhammad in the respondent’s diet and medicine.v. Frequency of practising.vi. Score of student’s knowledge on basic definition of Prophetic Medicine according to Al-Quran and Sunnah.vii. Respondent’s opinion on the benefit of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine.



6

CONCLUSION

Student’s knowledge, attitude and practise towards the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine has beeninfluence by many factors. Informal education such as parental guide and mass media has contributed to limited levelof knowledge and attitude to practise the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine. Students may have agood perception on the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine but it is not reflecting their practise whichmay be due to lack of knowledge in this area. Further investigation is suggested for better understanding of thisbehavioural because there could be many other influencing factors.

SELECTIVE REFERENCES

1. Che Lamin, R. & Othman, N. & Ayob H. & Radzi, H, M (2017). "The Pilot Study of Student’s PharmacyAwareness of Al Quran and Prophet Muhammad Dietary and Practices, And the Coherency of MedicinalProperties Characteristics," International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research inBusiness and Social Sciences, vol. 7(8), pages 575-588, August.

2. Elnaem, M. H., Che Ibrahim, M. Z., Rahman, N. A. H., Mahyidin,A. N. Sulaiman,H. N. M. &. Zulkiflee, F. A.(2018) Knowledge and perceptions toward cardiology pharmacy education and training: Malaysianpharmacy students’ perspectives, Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning,Volume 10, Issue4,2018,Pages 453-462,



7

ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS ON UNDIAGNOSED DIABETESMELLITUS AMONG INDIVIDUALS: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA

Ooi Wei Lim1,Chen Chen Yong1

1 Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, WilayahPersekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Abstract: This study uses secondary data from the cross-sectional population-based survey: The Fourth NationalHealth and Morbidity Survey (2011) which was conducted by the Ministry of Health in 2011. The sample consists of17602 participants. The results demonstrate obese, overweight, physically inactive respondents and current drinkersare statistically significant predictors for undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus. Specifically, younger aged,widow/widower/divorced, female, other Bumiputra, Indians, Chinese, private employees, retirees and lower educatedrespondents are found statistically significant in affecting the likelihood of having undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus inMalaysia. Thus, through the findings of this study, promotion of healthy lifestyle and intervention programs by thegovernment especially in younger aged group is an urgent need to monitor and control the prevalence ofundiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus among Malaysians.

Key words: Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus, modifiable risk factors, non-modifiable risk factors

INTRODUCTION

In Malaysia, NCDs such as cardiovascular diseases, Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Hypertension (HP) andHypercholesterolemia (HC) are the major health burden of the country. For instance, the Malaysian Burden ofDisease and Injury Study estimated that there were 2,261 deaths attributed to Diabetes Mellitus (DM) (857 men and1404 women) in 2002 (Yusoff et al. 2005). Many of these modifiable risk factors which include physical inactivity,Body Mass Index (BMI): overweight/obesity, inadequate fruit and vegetables consumption, excess alcoholconsumption/drinking and smoking are related to heart disease and diabetes mellitus. As a result, lifestyle changes isnecessary which involve in alterations of all the above mentioned personal habits (Scheffler and Paringer 1980).Besides, Malaysia is a multi-racial country which is full of various culture and lifestyles among the ethnics. The ethnicgroups in Malaysia have diverse cultures, religious and background characteristics (Johnson and DaVanzo 1998).The comparison among these ethnic groups may reveal differences in the diabetes mellitus prevalence and patterns.



8

OBJECTIVE

This paper examines risk factors which include modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in the prediction ofundiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus among Malaysians by using binary logistic regression approach with the estimation ofodds ratio with 95% confidence interval.

METHODOLOGY

Sample - involves 17,602 eligible respondents. Findings of the Fourth National Health and MorbiditySurvey (NHMS IV) and was analysed by using binary logistic regression.- Both urban and rural areas of every state were included in this survey (except hotel, hostels,hospitals).

Variables - performed through binary logistic regression to identify factors which influence the likelihoodto have undiagnosed diabetes mellitus.-have 2 variables:

i. 0 = No undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (dependent variable)ii. 1 = undiagnosed diabetes mellitus

-independent variables ( age, gender, race,education levels,maritalstatus,occupation,household income and residential area)

Binary Logistic Regression Model - The dependent variable, undiagnosed diabetes mellitus has been assessed using the binarylogit model (BLM).-consists two variables:

i. 1=EVENTii. 0=1- EVENT

- The model tangible to a linear model that creates logit response function is :

FINDINGS

1. Respondent Profile

Variable(s) Level(s) Frequency (n) Percent (%)Gender Male 8329 47.3Female 9273 52.7Education level Unclassified 709 4.0No formal education 1201 6.8Primary education 4719 26.8Secondary education 7501 42.6Tertiary education 3472 19.7Occupation Retire 1695 9.6Home maker 3490 19.8Self employed 3758 21.3Private 6371 36.2Government/Semi Government 2288 13.0Household income Above RM7,000 1936 11.0RM5,001-7,000 1599 9.1RM3,001-5,000 3609 20.5RM1,501-3,000 4840 27.5RM0-1,500 5618 31.9Residential area Urban 10194 57.9Rural 7408 42.1Race Others 1100 6.2Other Bumiputra 1813 10.3Indian 1279 7.3Chinese 3362 19.1Malays 10048 57.1Marital Status Widow/widower or Divorced 1128 6.4Married 10394 59.1Single 6057 34.5

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE, HUMANITIES & ART (ICSSHA 2018)22ND TO 23RD SEPTEMBER 2018


10

Table 2, continued.Variable(s) Level(s) Frequency (n) Percent (%)Age >65 years old 1276 7.255-64 years old 1797 10.245-54 years old 2784 15.835-44 years old 3194 18.125-34 years old 3700 21.015-24 years old 3230 18.4<15 years old 1621 9.2

Descriptive Analyses of Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Respondents

Based on the table above, it showed that female respondent is greater than male respondent. Overall, most of therespondent have secondary education, about 36.2% which most of the respondents worked in private sector. Thosewho have low income, (ranged from RM0-RM1, 500). Malays have the highest number compared to others races.Most of the respondents are in their age between 25 and 34 years old.

2. Descriptive Statistics for Diabetes Mellitus Status

Diabetes Mellitus Status Frequency Percent (%)No Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus 13687 77.8Undiagnosed DM 3915 22.2Total 17602 100.0

Descriptive Statistics of Diabetes Mellitus Status

Statistics showed that the no undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus have higher frequency (77.8%) compared to theundiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus (22.8%).

3. Diagnostic Tests for Binary Logistic Regression Model

Table 8: Results for Binary Logistic Regression on Undiagnosed Diabetes MellitusVariable(s) Co-efficient StandardError Wald df P-Value Odds ratio 95% C.I.for EXP(B)Lower Upper

Age<15 years old 804.078 6 .000>65 years old -5.232 .226 535.298 1 .000 .005 .003 .00855-64 years old -5.170 .213 589.904 1 .000 .006 .004 .00945-54 years old -5.210 .211 611.483 1 .000 .005 .004 .00835-44 years old -5.495 .212 669.028 1 .000 .004 .003 .00625-34 years old -5.873 .209 789.796 1 .000 .003 .002 .00415-24 years old -4.844 .196 608.521 1 .000 .008 .005 .012



11

Marital StatusSingle 5.312 2 .070Widow/widower orDivorced -.295 .128 5.299 1 .021 .744 .579 .957Married -.120 .081 2.194 1 .139 .887 .756 1.040GenderFemale -.377 .054 47.939 1 .000 .686 .616 .763Physical ActivityInactive .177 .049 13.247 1 .000 1.194 1.085 1.314Residential areaUrban .033 .049 .446 1 .504 1.034 .938 1.139RaceMalays (R) 42.131 4 .000Others -.159 .109 2.140 1 .143 .853 .689 1.056Other Bumiputra -.374 .090 17.253 1 .000 .688 .577 .821Indian .297 .086 11.909 1 .001 1.346 1.137 1.593Chinese -.171 .071 5.818 1 .016 .843 .734 .969OccupationGov/Semi Gov (R) 50.400 4 .000Retire .267 .111 5.828 1 .016 1.306 1.052 1.622Home maker .131 .090 2.119 1 .145 1.140 .955 1.361Self-employed -.052 .086 .369 1 .544 .949 .802 1.123Private -.289 .081 12.695 1 .000 .749 .639 .878Household incomeRM0-1500 (R) 10.578 4 .032Above RM7000 .137 .087 2.475 1 .116 1.146 .967 1.359RM5001-7000 .121 .088 1.901 1 .168 1.128 .950 1.339RM3001-5000 -.057 .068 .702 1 .402 .945 .827 1.079RM1501-3000 -.086 .061 2.018 1 .155 .917 .814 1.033Fruit & VegeconsumptionInadequate .079 .095 .685 1 .408 1.082 .898 1.303Drinking statusNon-Drinker (R) 12.919 3 .005Unclassified -.571 .298 3.668 1 .055 .565 .315 1.013Current drinker -.269 .098 7.460 1 .006 .764 .630 .927Ex-drinker -.213 .117 3.321 1 .068 .808 .643 1.016Smoking statusNon-smoker (R) 2.508 2 .285Current smoker .035 .064 .292 1 .589 1.035 .913 1.173Ex-smoker -.118 .114 1.067 1 .302 .889 .711 1.111Education levelTertiary (R) 81.596 4 .000Unclassified 1.082 .151 51.142 1 .000 2.949 2.193 3.967No formal .547 .123 19.772 1 .000 1.728 1.358 2.199Primary .660 .088 56.506 1 .000 1.935 1.629 2.298Secondary .488 .072 46.015 1 .000 1.630 1.415 1.876Body Mass IndexNormal weight (R) 206.325 3 .000Obese .709 .064 123.193 1 .000 2.032 1.793 2.303Overweight .540 .055 97.701 1 .000 1.716 1.542 1.910Underweight -.360 .100 12.965 1 .000 .698 .574 .849Constant 3.044 .244 155.874 1 .000 20.994



12

CONCLUSION

From the findings of this study, the research objective has been met which some of the predictors among themodifiable risk factors which include respondents who are obese, overweight and physically inactive together withcurrent drinkers are found more likely to have undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus. Likewise, the non-modifiable riskfactors also have been identified which comprise of younger aged, widow/widower/divorced, females, otherBumiputra, Indians, Chinese, private employees, retirees and lower educated respondents are found statisticallysignificant in affecting the odds of undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus among Malaysians. Thus, through the findings ofthis study, the prediction of risk factors on undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus provides guidance and good benchmark forpolicy makers to allocate resources more efficiently to prevent undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus in Malaysia. Hence,the promotion of healthy lifestyle and intervention programs by the government especially in younger aged group isan urgent need to monitor and control the prevalence of undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus among Malaysians. On theother hand, there are some limitations in this study. Firstly, it is tackled in satisfactory level to give betterunderstanding of the survey based on a few available materials, information gathered during the actual datamanagement and published articles of the researchers involved in data collection. Secondly, this study is limited byits cross-sectional nature; therefore, cross-sectional design does not allow us to make any conclusive statementabout the temporality of the observed associations.


1. Ajlouni, K, H Jaddou, and A Batieha. 1998. 'Diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in Jordan: prevalenceand associated risk factors', Journal of internal medicine, 244: 317-23.

2. Bushara, Sarra O, Sufian K Noor, Wadie M Elmadhoun, Amel A Sulaiman, and Mohamed H Ahmed. 2015.'Undiagnosed hypertension in a rural community in Sudan and association with some features of themetabolic syndrome: how serious is the situation?', Renal failure, 37: 1022-26.

3. Health, Institute for Public. 2011. "National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011 (NHMS 2011)." In.: Ministry ofHealth Malaysia Kuala Lumpur.



13

PROPHET MUHAMMAD (PBUH) DIETARY AND MEDICINE:PHARMACY STUDENTS’ ASSESSMENT AND ACCEPTANCE

Roz Azinur Che Lamin1, Qi Ying Lean1, Nursyuhadah Othman1 & Sofwan Hasbullah2

1 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Teknology MARA, Malaysia.2 Academic of Contemporary Islamic Study University of Teknology MARA, Malaysia_________________________________________________________________________________________

Abstract: Pharmacists are the profession in a healthcare who are responsible for the safety and effective use of thepharmaceutical drugs. Besides learning the subject related to pharmaceutic and pharmacotherapy, the pharmacystudents at Universiti Teknologi MARA Pulau Pinang, also need to study on Islamic medicine. In pharmacotherapy,the students were taught on the scientific view on drug and biology interaction. But the knowledge of scientificevidence based on Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine among students are remain uncertain. Theaim of this study was to assess the students’ comprehension on a newly developed syllabus that focus on thescientific evidence based on Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine. This study was conducted atUniversiti Teknologi MARA Pulau Pinang, Malaysia among first year pharmacy students. The pre and post-knowledge of the students on scientific evidence based on Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine beforeand after the new syllabus of has been determined. A paired t test was used to compare the knowledge level ofrespondents, pre- (M=9.17, SD=4.29) and post assessment (M=27.27 SD=4.71). On average, the knowledge ofrespondents after exposing with the new syllabus were significantly higher, where t (137)=-37.69, p<0.001) than thepre intervention. Our findings inspired that a scientific evidence based of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary andmedicine syllabus could be a new approach of pharmacy education in Malaysia..

Key words: Pharmacy, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), scientific evidence, Malaysia and medicine

INTRODUCTION

The modernization of treatment in health are not completely effective and many patients are intolerant with the drugs(Neila et al. 2018). In some cases, the patient’s condition deteriorates due to drug adverse effects or treatmentintolerance. Thus, complementary alternative medicines (CAM) has become the second choice of treatment amongpatients. CAM includes Malay traditional medicine (Raja Ikram & Abd Ghani, 2015), Indian traditional medicine,Ayurveda (Menon & Shukla, 2017), Chinese traditional medicines and practices like acupuncture (Aung & Chen,2007) and many others. Islamic Medicine is defined as any practice which the basic concepts, contents, andprocedures conform to or do not contradict the Qur'an and Sunnah (Kasule 1995).

Pharmacy is one of the field of study that basically focus on the science and technique of preparing and dispensingdrugs. Therefore, this study aimed to introduce a module of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine andassess the pharmacy student’s understanding before and after the introduction of new syllabus.



14

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to assess the students’ comprehension on a newly developed syllabus that focus on thescientific evidence based on Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine.

METHODOLOGY

This assessment of the syllabus was conducted at Universiti Teknologi MARA Pulau Pinang, Bertam campus,Malaysia. A total of 138 of first year pharmacy students were invited to participate in this study. The protocol of studyhad been approved by the university Research Ethic Committee.A set of validated questionnaire had been used and consisted three different sections. Section A consist ofdemographic data and section B was the assessment on basic knowledge of definition on Quran, Sunnah andProphetic medicine. Last section was section C that consisted of questions on the scientific facts of the ProphetMuhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine. The participants were given the questionnaire before they were exposedwith the new syllabus of the scientific evidence based on the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine.Then the students were given a series of lectures on the 12 topics of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary andmedicine by the authors. After completed the lecture series, the respondents were given the same set ofquestionnaire for post-evaluation. The outcomes from the survey were analysed using SPSS Statistic version 20.Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data in this study.

FINDINGS

After exposing the students with our new content of syllabus, the student’s acceptance on the new module of theProphet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine were determined. Figure below shows that 92% of studentsagreed that the content of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine were relevant to the pharmacy syllabus.They claimed that the content could help the students to look at the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary andmedicine differently and scientifically. Nevertheless, 8% of the respondent, were unsure to suggest the scientificevidence based of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine as a part of pharmacy curriculum. This couldbe because that there are existing pharmacy courses which are demanding, and students might afraid of theadditional burden from the new module. Basically, the scientific evidence based Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietaryand medicine is like pharmaceutical approach of Islamic revelation and hadith study. This might be the reason of“unsure” status among 8% of these respondents. None of the respondents rejected the suggestion of new syllabus tobe part of the pharmacy curriculum subject. This finding was almost similar to Jamilah et al. (2014), the studentsunderstood the need of having knowledge related to Islamic practices in the pharmacy curriculum.



15

Respondent’s perception of scientific evidence based of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietaryand medicine as a part of pharmacy syllabus.

CONCLUSION

Since Islam is the official religion, our study suggested that our newly developed syllabus is practical and relevant forpharmacy students or maybe also suitable for all students regardless their major courses. The development andimprovement of the syllabus which is related to pharmacy and medical sciences in Islam would be useful inincreasing the level of knowledge among students. This study also inspired the teaching institutions to adopt new andrelevant syllabus. We believed that scientific evidence based module of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary andmedicine is a new and interesting approach in education in Malaysia. The students need to have an official andproper learning process of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine to ensure they gain sufficientinformation on Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), which is verified by the hadith specialists. Besides that, students alsoneed to be well equipped with the ability of analysing the explanation of the social practice, confusion and issuesraised about Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine scientifically. This would later help in theirprofessional practices in educating patients. Further studies involving students, educators and other healthpractitioners are required for validation in supporting this new syllabus in the teaching pharmacy or medical studentsabout Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) dietary and medicine.


1. Abidin, D. Z. (2015). Perubatan Islam dan Bukti Sains Moden, Kuala Lumpur: PTS publishing2. Che Lamin, R. & Othman, N. & Ayob H. & Radzi, H, M (2017). "The Pilot Study of Student’s

Pharmacy Awareness of Al Quran and Prophet Muhammad Dietary and Practices, And theCoherency of Medicinal Properties Characteristics," International Journal of AcademicResearch in Business and Social Sciences, Human Resource Management AcademicResearch Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and SocialSciences, vol. 7(8), pages 575-588, August.



16

PLANNING PROCESS DEVELOPMENT OF CULTIVATION FISHERYBASED MINAPOLITAN IN MALANG DISTRICT

Trisnawati1

1 Faculty of Administrative Science, Brawijaya University_______________________________________________________________________________________

Abstract: This paper aims to describe and analyze the process of development planning of minapolitan area basedcultivation fishery in Malang, that show the mechanisms and stages as part of a regional development plan has beenimplemented in stages through the village planning forums, district planning forums, coordination meeting, which isan innovation of Marine and Fishery Agency in Malang, agencies forum and regency planning forum. Planningparadigm that used through the top down, bottom-up and participatory approach. Involvement of stakeholders(Regent, Parliament and NGOs) still minimal and not optimal yet, resulting a stagnation in the development ofminapolitan area based cultivation fishery in Malang Regency.

Key words: planning, cultivation fishery based minapolitan, mechanisms, stakeholders.

INTRODUCTION

Since 2010, Malang Regency has been designated as a minapolitan area by the KKP which was followed by theMalang Regent Decree concerning the establishment of a development location for aquaculture-based minapolitanareas. Empirically, until now there has been no significant progress in the development of the region. Even thoughthe time span is 3 years, not a short time for an implementation of regional development priorities, there shouldalready be an embryo to become a minapolitan area, according to Sumarsono (2011, p. 54), which is a fishing citythat grows and develops due to the running of the business system fisheries that are able to serve, encourage,attract and control regional economic development activities. Even though it should be, developing it will be easierthan building, because there is already an initial foundation for staying at the development stage only.

Muchlisin, et al. (2012, p. 69) in a previous study revealed that fisheries development in Indonesia has not succeededin lifting the economy of the community so far, one of the causes is that development is still sectoral and there is nogood planning. This opinion shows that all development activities, including the fisheries sector and the developmentof the Minapolitan area, also require planning. In the opinion of Widodo (2006, p. 3), planning is an effort from publicinstitutions to make development policy directions that must be carried out in an area both state and region based onthe advantages and disadvantages of the region. Meanwhile good planning is not necessarily successful, accordingto Kuncoro (2012, p. 9), there are several reasons that make a plan fail, namely, inefficient planning andimplementation, inadequate data available and untrustworthy, disturbance unpredictable internal and externaleconomic disturbances, weak institutions, and lack of commitment and political will from leaders and policy makers.



17

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to discuss and analyze 2 (two) main things related to the Minapolitan Area Development PlanningProcess Based on Aquaculture in Malang Regency, namely the mechanism and stages of the planning process andthe involvement of stakeholders (Major, Local Legislative and NGOs).

LITERATURE REVIEW

There are various types of planning according to Widodo (2006, pp. 42-45), namely: (1) based on the time period,planning is divided into three, namely long, medium and short term planning; (2) based on the flow of information,there is a centralized planning that is controlled by the center and decentralized planning, the implementationprocess of the plan from below; (3) based on its nature, namely planning with command and planning with stimuli; (4)based on the dimensions of the approach, development planning consists of macro planning, local planning, regionalplanning and micro planning. Meanwhile, according to Faludi (1973, p. 3), there are two types of planning, namelyprocedural planning and substantive planning. Substantive planning makes it easy for planners to understand allthings related to what is planned, while procedural planning makes it easier for planners to understand the positionand ways to complete the task.

METHODOLOGY

Descriptive research with qualitative approach

FINDINGS

Based on the results of the discussion of aspects of strength, importance, and legitimacy in supporting thedevelopment planning process of the Minapolitan area Based on Aquaculture Fisheries in Malang Regency, basedon the types of stakeholders the most dominant is definitive stakeholders because it is a determinant of success inthe process of planning the development of Minapolitan area Based on Aquaculture in Malang Regency because ithas strength, legitimacy, and also its interests. According to Salam and Noguchi (2006) cited by Abdulkarim, et al.(2007, p. 4), "Key stakeholders are those who can be significantly influenced, or are important to the success of theproject". (Key stakeholders are those who can influence, or are important for the success of a project). Keystakeholders are very important and most influential stakeholders in the implementation of development. Keystakeholder groups include the Malang Regent and the Local Legislatives. This is in accordance with Hartanti'sopinion (2010, p. 173), that stakeholders who have the role of power, legitimacy and interests are Major/Regenttogether with Local Legislative.

CONCLUSION

Mechanisms and stages in Minapolitan Area Development Planning Process Based on Aquaculture in MalangRegency have been carried out according to existing regulations, where based on the findings of the researcherthere is a new breakthrough made by the Malang Regency as a form of moral responsibility, namely holding acoordination meeting after the musrenbang level sub-district, to gather all stakeholders related to proposals regardingminapolitan activities and programs based on the Minapolitan Master Plan and Local Development Planning Basedon Aquaculture in Malang Regency. The involvement of Malang Regent, local legislative and NGOs is still minimaland not optimal in using the strengths, interests, and legitimacy they have to overcome existing problems andmobilize other supporting stakeholders.



18


1. Abe, Alexander. 2005. Perencanaan Daerah Partisipatif. Yogyakarta. Pembaruan.

2. Abdulkarim, Saipol Bari. Hamzah Abdul Rahman, Mohamed Ali Berawi, Aini Jaapar. 2007. A Review onThe Issues And Strategies of Stakeholder Management in The Construction Industry. Center for Project &Facilities Management, Faculty of the Built Environment, University of Malaya, Malaysia Department ofQuantity Surveying, Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, University Teknologi MARA. Malaysia

Documents

CONFERENCE PROCEEDING - usapassionpublication.com · mengisi borang soal selidik. Kajian ini mendapati wujud wujud skor konsep kendiri yang tinggi dalam kalangan Kajian ini mendapati