Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
ConferenCe report
Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada
9 – 11 september 2014
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
2
Produced by
Parliament of Canada with the support of the Parliamentary Information and Research Service, Library of Parliament.
Photos in the report are from https://www.flickr.com/photos/cpar11cpra/sets/
Speeches delivered at the Conference can be found at http://www.arcticparl.org/conferences.aspx?id=6202
Kwanlin Dün Cultural Centre, Whitehorse, Canada. Photo credit: Kwanlin Dün Cultural Centre.
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
3
table of Contents
11th Conference of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
OPENING SESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Welcoming Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Activities of SCPAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Questions and Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
SESSION 1: Sustainable Infrastructure Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
Questions and Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
SESSION 2: Governance Models and Decision-Making Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4
Questions and Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7
SESSION 3: Enhancing Northern Economies: Responsible Resource Development and Capacity Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8
Questions and Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1
SESSION 4: Environmental Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2
Questions and Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5
Adoption of Conference Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6
Side Event: Visit to Yukon College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
Conference Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9
Conference Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3
List of Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6
Speakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6
Parliamentary Delegations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6
Permanent Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8
Observers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8
Diplomatic Corps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8
Conference Secretariats and Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
4
11th ConferenCe of parliamentarians of the arCtiC region
Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada
9 – 11 September 2014
David Tilson, Co-Chair of the Conference and President of the Canada-Europe Parliamentary Association, and Sara Olsvig, Co-Chair of the Conference and Chair of the Standing Committee of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region. Photo credit: gbpcreative.ca
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
5
introduCtion
The Conference of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region (CPAR) comprises delegations appointed by the national parliaments of the eight Arctic states (Canada, Denmark/Greenland, Finland, Iceland, Norway, the Russian Federation, Sweden, and the United States of America) and the European Parliament. CPAR also provides for the active involvement of and consultation with indigenous communities and organizations by way of the participation of the following organizations that have been granted Permanent Participant status at the Arctic Council (and at CPAR):
Aleut International Association; Arctic Athabaskan Council; Gwich’in Council International; Inuit Circumpolar Council; Saami Parliamentary Council; and Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North.
Observers to CPAR comprise non-Arctic states, non-governmental organizations, interparliamentary groups and academic organizations.
CPAR meets every two years. The first CPAR was held in Reykjavik, Iceland, in 1993, and the 11th CPAR took place in Whitehorse, Canada, from 9 - 11 September 2014.
Between conferences, Arctic parliamentary cooperation is carried out by the Standing Committee of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region (SCPAR), which started its activities in 1993. CPAR and SCPAR take initiatives to further Arctic cooperation, and to act as a parliamentary forum to advance action on issues relevant to the work of the Arctic Council. SCPAR is an observer to the Arctic Council, which serves as a high-level intergovernmental forum to promote cooperation among the Arctic states on common issues, particularly those concerning sustainable development and environmental protection.
The 11th CPAR coincided with Canada’s Chairmanship of the Arctic Council from 2013 to 2015. Meetings took place at the Kwanlin Dün Cultural Centre, situated on the banks of the Yukon River in Whitehorse. Whitehorse is located on the traditional land of the Kwanlin Dün First Nation and the Kwanlin Dün Cultural Centre is a place where the Kwanlin Dün people celebrate their heritage and way of life. The 11th CPAR was co-presided by Mr. David Tilson, President of the Canada-Europe Parliamentary Association, and Ms. Sara Olsvig, Chair of SCPAR and Head of the Danish delegation.
Seventy-eight participants took part in the proceedings. With the exception of the European Parliament, delegations from all member parliaments were present.
The Conference’s official sessions were organized around four themes:
Sustainable Infrastructure Development; Governance Models and Decision-Making Processes; Enhancing Northern Economies: Responsible Resource Development and Capacity
Building; and Environmental Challenges.
As was the case for previous Conferences, the 11th CPAR represented an opportunity to foster circumpolar parliamentary cooperation and served as a forum for in-depth exchanges of ideas as well as for building relationships among policy makers, academics, indigenous peoples’ representatives and the business community.
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
6
tuesdaY, 9 september 2014
opening session
Welcoming RemarksFollowing a traditional blessing given by Elder Anne Smith, Governor of the Council of the Kwanlin Dün First Nation, the Conference was inaugurated by the Co-Chair of the Conference and President of the Canada-Europe Parliamentary Association, Mr. David Tilson. In his speech, Mr. Tilson welcomed participants to Whitehorse, the largest city in northern Canada with a history that goes back to the Klondike Gold Rush of 1898. Mr. Tilson emphasised the active role of Canada in CPAR since its inception in 1993 and noted that Canada hosted the second CPAR in Yellowknife in 1996. This year, therefore, marked the second time that Canada had hosted CPAR.
Mr. Tilson observed that the Conference’s themes were in line with Canada’s overarching priority as chair of the Arctic Council which is: “development for the people of the North.” He also stressed that the Arctic region is unique and parliamentarians have the responsibility to help find practical solutions to address the wide ranging socio-economic and environmental challenges facing northern communities. These solutions would be achieved by examining issues from a northern perspective, maximizing northern engagement and prioritizing northern interests.
Ms. Sara Olsvig, Co-Chair of the Conference and Chair of SCPAR, joined Mr. Tilson in welcoming participants. She noted the importance of their contributions during the Conference to discussions on ways to develop a more prosperous Arctic. She expressed her wish for an Arctic where children can grow up and live rewarding, safe and healthy lives. In Ms. Olsvig’s view, development in the Arctic should go hand in hand with cultural integrity, protection of the environment and social welfare. She also called for parliamentarians to focus on what they have in common and on ways to meet the challenges ahead together. Ms. Olsvig stressed that development in the Arctic should put people first and adhere to a human rights approach.
The next speaker was Senator Daniel Lang, representing the Territory of Yukon in the Senate of the Parliament of Canada. Senator Lang welcomed participants to Whitehorse on behalf of the Speaker of the Senate. He pointed out that the Conference is an ideal forum for parliamentarians to discuss issues which directly affect the lives of the people in northern regions such as education, economic development, climate change and the question of national or regional sovereignty. In Senator Lang’s view, peoples of the Arctic share the same challenges as they strive to create economic opportunities that allow them to raise their families in comfort and to enjoy peace and security. Senator Lang mentioned that conferences such as CPAR can help bridge differences among Arctic states by bringing to the forefront what they have in common rather than what divides them.
After Senator Lang’s speech, Mr. Ryan Leef, Member of Parliament for Yukon, took to the podium to welcome participants to the Conference on behalf of the Speaker of the House of Commons. Mr. Leef noted that education is fundamental to improving the living conditions of the people of the North. He gave the example of the Yukon College in Whitehorse. The Yukon College is home to the Yukon Research Centre, the Centre for Northern Innovation in Mining, and the Northern Institute of Social Justice. According to Mr. Leef, this College is a central institute helping to address some of the very issues that delegates would discuss during the Conference.
The next speaker was Mr. Darrell Pasloski, Premier of Yukon. In his talk, Mr. Pasloski stated the need for parliamentarians to work together on the common interests of the Arctic region’s peoples: well-being of the people, development of sustainable communities and respect for the environment. He gave the example of northern Canada’s territorial Premiers agreeing on a collaborative vision for the North by focusing on productive and engaged citizens, energy, infrastructure and governance to create a stronger North. Mr. Pasloski also noted the valuable role of self-government for indigenous peoples in creating economic opportunities and preserving their culture. According to Mr. Pasloski,
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
7
since approximately half of Canada’s self-governments for indigenous peoples are located in Yukon, the territory is a leader in land claim agreements implementation and establishment of self-governments.
Sara Olsvig, Co-Chair of the Conference and Chair of SCPAR, David Tilson, Co-Chair of the Conference and President of the Canada-Europe Parliamentary Association, Darrell Pasloski, Premier of Yukon, Senator Daniel Lang, Canada, and Ryan Leef, Member of Parliament, Canada. Photo credit: gbpcreative.ca
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
8
Activities of SCPARFollowing Mr. Pasloski’s speech, Ms. Sara Olsvig, reported on the activities of SCPAR since the 10th CPAR in Akureyri, Iceland, in 2012. Ms. Olsvig noted that as natural resources development and marine activities increase in the Arctic, the need for Arctic cooperation and the issue of governance are of vital importance. She stressed that the most valuable resource in the Arctic is its peoples. She indicated that the social challenges she has seen in Greenland are similar to those in other parts of the Arctic, and that there is an urgent need to collaborate to address these challenges, especially in the areas of education and welfare.
Ms. Olsvig reminded delegates that SCPAR has often encouraged Arctic governments to explore new areas for legally binding agreements between Arctic countries. She made note of the second legally binding agreement, signed in 2013, on marine oil spill preparedness and response by members of the Arctic Council. She also mentioned the remarkable cooperation on scientific issues among members of the Arctic Council exemplified by environmental assessments on Arctic biodiversity and ocean acidification.
With respect to SCPAR, Ms. Olsvig pointed out that parliamentarians discussed the need for the development of a wide range of industries in the Arctic at their June 2014 meeting in Copenhagen, Denmark. She suggested that the Arctic will gain more stable and sustainable economies if the development and innovation focus is widened to other industries apart from minerals, oil and gas. She gave the example of fisheries which are undergoing a transition in the context of climate change. This transition presents an opportunity to enhance cooperation on fisheries research and management across the Arctic. Ms. Olsvig stated that innovation in the Arctic should link the science community, the business sector and policy makers with local peoples.
Ms. Olsvig welcomed a closer dialogue with the business sector in the Arctic with a focus on Corporate Social Responsibility. She indicated that the newly established Arctic Economic Council can play a constructive role in facilitating a better dialogue between the business sector and policy makers but must also engage in Arctic economic diversification.
Returning to the theme of development for the peoples of the Arctic, Ms. Olsvig touched upon the issue of the European Union (EU)’s ban on imported seal products and reminded delegates that, at the 10th CPAR in 2012, parliamentarians recommended that Arctic states “consider the impacts of bans of products of some living resources on indigenous Arctic communities.” She emphasised that the message across the Arctic is clear: “We, the peoples of the Arctic, must be able to live and benefit from living resources, and we, just as other peoples around the world, must be able to export our resources, of course, when managed in a sustainable manner.” In her opinion, the EU’s ban is not a Canadian or a Greenlandic problem but is an Arctic issue which must be fought collectively.
In her speech, Ms. Olsvig also brought up the issue of infrastructure development. At their September 2013 meeting in Murmansk, Russia, SCPAR members were informed about the growth of new infrastructure along the Russian northern coastline designed to improve navigation safety along the Northern Sea Route. Although safe navigation is important, Ms. Olsvig stressed that sustainable infrastructure development should also include means to protect the environment as well as communications infrastructure that could be used to improve health conditions of Arctic peoples through, for example, telehealth initiatives.
The relationship between SCPAR and the Arctic Council in the context of an increasing number of observers at the Arctic Council was another important topic in Ms. Olsvig’s speech. She indicated that close dialogue with the Arctic Council is crucial for SCPAR to bring forward recommendations from conferences, such as this Conference in Whitehorse, to Arctic governments. Ms. Olsvig underscored the fact that SCPAR is unlike any other Observer at the Arctic Council since SCPAR
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
9
members are the Arctic’s elected representatives. She noted that Observer bodies that represent Arctic peoples, or have deep roots in the Arctic Council work, should maintain a central role in relevant meetings of the Arctic Council.
To conclude her speech, Ms. Olsvig touched upon the issue of cooperation for peace and stability in the Arctic. Reflecting on the not-so-distant past where there was little cooperation across the Arctic, she called on parliamentarians to avoid carrying conflicts from other parts of the world into Arctic cooperation institutions. Ms. Olsvig stressed that Arctic parliamentarians should protect the relationships built among Arctic peoples and states.
Questions and CommentsMs. Yvonne Jones, Member of Parliament, Canada, raised the issue of the EU’s ban on imported seal products, which she suggested impinges on Arctic peoples’ livelihood. Ms. Olsvig noted that there are different regulations among Arctic states regarding traditional activities that use living resources. These differences complicate consensus-building at international institutions such as the International Whaling Commission. However, she proposed that there should be a human rights approach to trade and development that protects Arctic indigenous communities’ rights to develop the use of their living resources.
Mr. Heikki Autto, Member of Parliament, Finland, agreed with Ms. Olsvig that the most valuable resource in the Arctic is its peoples. However, he mentioned that there is a population decline in the Arctic region of Finland and attracting young people to the North is a difficult task. Ms. Olsvig added that there is also a gender imbalance with a greater proportion of men in Greenland’s population. She indicated that many young people have to leave the Arctic for higher education and do not come back. Social, health and economic conditions are also key in creating conditions for young people to remain or to settle in the North.
Senator Daniel Lang of Canada noted that, in Yukon, the population is actually increasing thanks to economic opportunities. Yet, fly-in fly-out work remains a challenge, therefore, policies are needed to encourage people to settle in the North. He also questioned the understanding of many environmental non-governmental organizations regarding the opportunities and challenges associated with the development of natural resources in the Arctic. Ms. Olsvig conceded that she has an “ambiguous” relationship with organizations such as Greenpeace given that some of their campaigns may not reflect the living conditions in the Arctic. However, she acknowledged the value of their research for policy makers. Thus, Ms. Olsvig called for a greater dialogue between parliamentarians and environmental non-governmental organizations.
Senator Ghislain Maltais of Canada called for a long-term vision in the development of natural resources. He gave the example of the negative impact of factory vessels on the Atlantic salmon fisheries. Senator Maltais also characterized the EU’s ban on imported seal products as a decision with short-term vision since the ban affects the ecosystem balance and has adverse effects on fish stocks.
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
10
session 1: sustainable infrastruCture development
The first speaker of the session was Mr. Richard Meyers, Vice-President of the Mining Association of Canada. Mr. Meyers indicated that infrastructure development in the three northern Canadian territories has been intimately linked to natural resources development since the Klondike Gold Rush in the late 19th century. In Canada, the mining industry is currently the largest private sector employer of indigenous peoples and plays an important role in communities’ infrastructure development. However, as a result of environmental and social legacies, there is pressure on regulators and on the industry to improve performance in these areas.
The Canadian mining industry has established a program called Towards Sustainable Mining whose goal is to help companies be more accountable, transparent and responsible. Mr. Meyers noted that the industry contributes to indigenous peoples’ skills training and education and supports health care and sports facilities in the North. He also reminded participants of the sheer size of the Canadian North and the fact that the region has a sparse population, little infrastructure, inadequate energy supply, high cost of living and limited economic opportunities. There are few local hydroelectric grids and off-grid power originates primarily from diesel, which emits greenhouse gases while liquefied natural gas use is limited because of the lack of long-term storage technologies. All these factors represent major cost considerations for communities and potential developers.
Mr. Meyers concluded his speech by stating that infrastructure development is critical for regional and mineral development. It also improves the quality of life for local residents and helps communities become more self-sufficient and less reliant on governmental subsidies.
The second speaker of the session was Mr. Mitch Bloom, representing the Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency. Mr. Bloom recognized that the Canadian North benefits from its young and growing population, settled land claims and the fastest growing Gross Domestic Product in the country. However, he indicated that the region lags behind in terms of core infrastructure in key areas such as marine ports, runways, roads, bridges, telecommunications, housing, energy, water and waste treatment facilities.
Mr. Bloom mentioned that northern infrastructure is not only expensive to develop but also to maintain because of harsh weather, remoteness and the limited availability of local skills and resources. This situation creates challenges for resource development and access to markets but also for the development of sustainable and resilient northern communities and for emergency management and safety of Northerners.
Mr. Bloom indicated that infrastructure development is critical for unlocking resource development and the economic potential of the North. He presented an overview of major infrastructure projects in various regulatory phases in the three northern Canadian territories. These projects are supported by a number of programs including Canada’s recently created National Research Council Arctic Program. Mr. Bloom stressed that public-private partnerships as well as increasing the role being played by indigenous organizations’ development corporations are the best path forward for developing sustainable infrastructure. He noted that the newly created Arctic Economic Council also encourages public-private partnerships for infrastructure investments.
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
11
Mitch Bloom, Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency, Richard Meyers, Vice-President of the Mining Association of Canada, Dennis Bevington, Member of Parliament, Canada, and Vice-Chair of SCPAR, Johanna Ojala-Niemelä, Member of Parliament, Finland, and Senator Lisa Murkowski, United States. Photo credit: gbpcreative.ca
The final speaker of the first session was Mr. Dennis Bevington, Member of Parliament, Canada, Vice-Chair of SCPAR and SCPAR’s rapporteur for the Sustainable Infrastructure Development theme. Mr. Bevington defined sustainable northern infrastructure as any physical structure, practice, policy or principle that enhances the long-term prosperity and self-sufficiency of northern communities. He noted that climate change and high demand for natural resources are spurring development in the Arctic. He also stated that the cost of living is rapidly increasing in the region, more people are living near the poverty line and there are greater income disparities in areas of high development.
Mr. Bevington analyzed mining development in Canada’s Northwest Territories by using three case studies: Giant Mine, Pine Point and the Ekati and Diavik diamond mines. He contended that while Giant Mine did create a self-sustaining community (Yellowknife) by developing hydroelectric power facilities and roads, its operations over five decades also generated a considerable environmental liability that was inherited by the government. In the case of Pine Point, the majority of the developed infrastructure was removed when the mine closed. However, the remaining infrastructure such as the railroad to Hay River and the hydroelectric dam continues to be beneficial to the region. The Ekati and Diavik diamond mines have created good employment opportunities for northerners, but have not generated a lasting and sustainable infrastructure.
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
12
In Mr. Bevington’s view, sustainable infrastructure development resulting from natural resources exploitation has the potential to provide more economical and sustainable energy sources, which could reduce the cost of living. Support infrastructure such as roads, ports and airports, can contribute positively to the development of tourism, shipment of goods, and local economies. He added that resource industries can provide much needed employment opportunities to northerners. However, he suggested that the infrastructure resulting from industrial development does not create sustainable communities and does not answer the needs of local residents unless there are community-based economic activity spinoffs.
Questions and CommentsSenator Percy Downe, Canada, asked Mr. Bevington whether there has been value-added employment such as diamond polishing and cutting for local residents resulting from the development of diamond mines in the Northwest Territories. Mr. Bevington explained that, at the beginning, efforts were made to allocate 10% of the diamond polishing and cutting contracts to local indigenous businesses. However, most those corporations ended up failing because of the highly competitive nature of the business and the fact that diamonds can easily be shipped abroad for processing. Mr. Bloom intervened by stating that indigenous business spinoffs in other sectors, such as construction, are examples of the positive contribution that diamond mines can make to local economies.
Mr. Jan-Henrik Fredriksen, Member of Parliament, Norway, noted that increasing shipping activities in the Northern Sea Route create opportunities for oil and gas as well as for fishing industries. However, there is a great need for infrastructure development to support these industries. Norway has invested in search and rescue (SAR) infrastructure and recently launched BarentsWatch, an information portal providing an overview of activity and knowledge in coastal and sea areas, to ensure ship traffic safety in the region. Mr. Bevington added that investment in SAR infrastructure is a good example of sustainable infrastructure development from both environmental and economic points of view. SAR is also an area where Arctic cooperation is required for ensuring effective responses.
Mr. Bloom argued that considerable financial investment is required to ensure navigation safety through the Northwest Passage. Infrastructure such as ports of call needs to be built but extensive bathymetric charting is also necessary. He questioned the financial return of such an investment in the Arctic. Mr. Bloom contended that stringent regulations ensuring navigation safety in shipping lanes linking specific destinations should be prioritized instead. Ms. Yvonne Jones, Member of Parliament, Canada, agreed with Mr. Fredriksen that better SAR infrastructure is required in the Arctic. According to Ms. Jones, investment in SAR capacity, while essential to navigation safety, responds also to critical needs of local Arctic peoples. She indicated that, in Canada, SAR capacity is mostly based in the South and, therefore, some interventions are not carried out in a timely manner in response to emergencies in harsh weather in the North. Mr. Bloom added that leveraging infrastructure provided by natural resources development projects such as airstrips can also be valuable in building better SAR capacity.
Ms. Mirja Vehkapera, Member of Parliament, Finland, noted the high cost of building infrastructure in the Arctic and indicated that joint financial participation from Arctic states may be necessary. She called for the participation of Norway, Sweden and Russia in building a railway linking Finland’s Lapland to the Arctic Ocean. Mr. Bloom mentioned that Canada and the State of Alaska are also looking at collaborative initiatives in infrastructure development. He gave the example of Skagway’s West Creek hydroelectric project that could be beneficial to future energy-hungry mining projects as well as to new commercial and residential construction in Yukon.
Senator Lisa Murkowski, United States, added that another example of collaborative efforts between Alaska and Yukon is the potential construction of a sea terminal in Alaska that would increase sea access for mining products originating from Yukon.
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
13
Mr. Steen Gade, Member of Parliament, Denmark, asked the panelists about opportunities for more intensive use of biomass as an energy source in the Arctic. He shared his concerns about environmental impact assessments of oil sands development and, given the fragile environment of the Arctic, enquired if the Arctic would need more stringent environmental regulations as compared to southern regions. Mr. Bloom replied that infrastructure and natural resource development projects in the Canadian North undergo environmental impact assessments that entail collaboration among scientists, governments and indigenous communities. As for biomass, Mr. Bloom stated that the resource is not always available for all communities. Transmission infrastructure is severely lacking in the North and, therefore, Mr. Bloom suggested that establishing micro-grids could be a flexible solution.
Mr. Bevington indicated that Finland is a success story to emulate in terms of biomass energy development. In his opinion, spinoffs from biomass projects have enhanced local northern economies and created sustainable communities in Finland. He mentioned that 90% of northern Canadians live near forested areas and, consequently, biomass should be considered seriously as an energy source. He also suggested that solar energy and biomass work well together and, as renewable energy sources, they are not affected by price fluctuations in world markets that can have negative impacts on the cost of living. However, he recognized that storage remains an issue for renewable energy sources. Mr. Bevington declared that he followed with interest the development of energy storage devices in Alaska.
In the last round of questions to panelists, Ms. Siri Meling, Member of Parliament, Norway, enquired about opportunities for foreign investors in natural resources development projects in Canada. Mr. Heikki Autto, Member of Parliament, Finland, enquired about the fibre-optic line linking Europe to Asia via the Northwest Passage. In addition, Ms. Olsvig questioned the long-term implications of mining development for economic diversification and sustainable infrastructure and communities in the Arctic.
Mr. Meyers indicated that Canada welcomes foreign investors in mining projects as Canadian companies are also operating in other countries. He mentioned, however, that there are federal government policies regarding foreign takeovers of Canadian resource industries, citing the Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan case. Mr. Bevington declared that natural resource exploitation projects should accommodate the needs of local indigenous communities and ensure that there are beneficial infrastructure legacies to the population such as roads and energy projects that would be conducive to a community’s independence. Mr. Bloom stated that the environmental impact assessment for the fibre-optic line project is completed and proponents are still evaluating the economics of the projects in terms of the number of users and investors. He also mentioned that, in addition to mining projects, Canada welcomes foreign investors in other areas such as fisheries and renewable energy development.
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
14
WednesdaY, 10 september 2014
session 2: governanCe models and deCision-making proCesses
Ms. Dalee Sambo Dorough, Professor of Political Science at the University of Alaska and Chair of the United Nations (UN) Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, gave the first presentation of the second session. In her speech, she stressed that the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, adopted by the UN in 2007, recognizes the right of indigenous peoples to maintain and develop their political, economic, social and cultural identities as well as their legal systems. In addition, the UN Declaration supports the right of indigenous peoples to own and use the lands which they have traditionally occupied, including the right to restitution of or fair compensation for lands confiscated without their free and informed consent. Regarding decision-making processes, she indicated that the UN Declaration affirms the right of indigenous peoples to participate in decision making in matters affecting them.
According to Ms. Sambo Dorough, public servants and parliamentarians should be made aware of indigenous peoples’ human rights standards since the jurisprudence of international and regional human rights treaty bodies is constantly evolving. In addition to the recognition of the right to self-determination, good governance must include elements such as transparency, consensus-oriented participation, consultation and consent. Therefore, she urged participants to work in creating a framework enhancing the involvement of Arctic indigenous peoples in all governance models.
Ms. Sambo Dorough described the trend for recognizing indigenous governments at the UN. Given the fact that Inuit peoples are assuming more responsibilities in the context of settled land claims and self-governance, she suggested that Arctic parliamentarians should explore, in consultation with indigenous peoples, options for expanding the role of Arctic indigenous peoples within relevant international and national governance entities, including the Arctic Council.
Ms. Sambo Dorough also drew the participants’ attention to the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights endorsed by the UN Human Rights Council in 2011. She recommended that these principles should be incorporated in governance models and decision-making processes of Arctic nations in order to ensure sustainable development in the context of the newly created Arctic Economic Council and increasing natural resources development activities in the region. To conclude her speech, Ms. Sambo Dorough called for an Arctic-specific set of indicators for human development, similar to the UN Human Development Index, based on various international indigenous human rights instruments as well as on the Arctic Council’s Arctic Human Development Report. These indicators would help ensuring the responsiveness of Arctic governments to the principles of good governance and indigenous human rights standards.
The second speaker was Ms. Susan Harper, Canada’s Senior Arctic Official at the Arctic Council and Director General of the Office of the Senior Arctic Official at the Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development. Ms. Harper cited the Agreement on Cooperation on Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue in the Arctic and the Agreement on Cooperation on Marine Oil Pollution Preparedness and Response in the Arctic, two legally binding treaties completed by the Arctic Council, as examples of successful cooperation that speak to the theme of governance. She indicated that the Arctic Council is a unique forum for cooperation with the contribution of indigenous peoples’ organizations as Permanent Participants. In Ms. Harper’s opinion, the fact that each project undertaken by the Arctic Council must have at least two co-leads is further evidence of extensive cooperation in governance and decision-making processes in the Arctic.
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
15
Ms. Harper also indicated that Canada’s priorities during its chairmanship of the Arctic Council, including the creation of the Arctic Economic Council, the operationalization of the Permanent Secretariat of the Arctic Council in Tromsø, Norway, the promotion of mental wellness and the incorporation of traditional and local knowledge into the work of the Arctic Council, are in line with recommendations stated in the Conference Statement from the 10th CPAR held in Akureyri, Iceland. She added that the Arctic Council is working in securing the role and participation of the Permanent Participants in order to reinforce tangibly governance within the organization.
The final speaker of this session was Mr. Eirik Sivertsen, Member of Parliament, Norway, and Head of the Norwegian delegation to SCPAR. In his role as SCPAR’s rapporteur for this session, he stressed that governance and decision-making issues are of utmost importance for inhabitants of the North. In Mr. Sivertsen’s view, the Arctic Council has been instrumental in establishing the Arctic as a zone of cooperation by having an innovative governance structure, which includes both states and indigenous peoples’ organizations. The Arctic Council’s scientific reports, upon which many decisions at the Council rely, also include traditional knowledge from indigenous peoples. Mr. Sivertsen noted, however, that there is still work to be done to ensure that Permanent Participants have enough resources to fully participate in the Arctic Council’s activities.
Mr. Sivertsen indicated that sustainable development in the Arctic should serve the needs of local communities. The inhabitants of the region, including local and regional authorities, should have the opportunity to provide input into decision-making processes governing development which affects their future. He asserted that the EU’s ban on imported seal products is an example of decision-making that lacks considerations for Arctic peoples’ concerns and interests.
In Mr. Sivertsen’s opinion, climate change, while global in nature, affects the Arctic disproportionally and presents socioeconomic challenges and opportunities. Natural resources development projects offer important benefits to the region, but ecological and socioeconomic sustainability must also be central considerations. Mr. Sivertsen stressed that local communities should gain from industrial development since they bear its environmental and social risks. He reminded participants that the 10th CPAR in Iceland called for ways to ensure Corporate Social Responsibility in industrial development activities and added that the principles of the UN Global Compact Initiative must also be considered. Mr. Sivertsen hoped to see the Arctic Economic Council taking an active role in ensuring the inclusion of Corporate Social Responsibility and the UN’s principles in all future industrial development activities in the Arctic.
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
16
Dalee Sambo Dorough, Professor at the University of Alaska and Chair of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, Susan Harper, Canada’s Senior Arctic Official at the Arctic Council and Director General at the Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development, and Eirik Sivertsen, Member of Parliament, Norway. Photo credit: gbpcreative.ca
Mr. Sivertsen concluded by stating that culture is an essential component in building capacity in communities in order to deal with environmental, economic, cultural and social challenges and to ensure sustainable development in the Arctic. He, therefore, called for deeper cultural cooperation among Arctic nations and gave the example of a Norwegian initiative called SALT. SALT is an arts festival that consists of structures that take their form from the fiskehjelle (fish rack), a strong symbol of the livelihoods of peoples in the North. Within these portable structures, visitors are invited in to experience art projects, concerts, theatre, readings and local food cultures. The project is expected to travel across the circumpolar region and to contribute to Arctic peoples’ discussions about their future.
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
17
Questions and CommentsMs. Unnur Brá Konráðsdóttir, Vice-President, West Nordic Council, asked Ms. Sambo Dorough about ways to increase indigenous peoples’ involvement and influence in decision-making processes in the Arctic. In Ms. Sambo Dorough’s view, political will at the highest national level is critical. She cited land claims agreements concluded in Canada over the years as examples of good governance where all participants negotiated in good faith in inclusive and transparent processes. Another decisive factor is the implementation of Article 18 of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, which affirms indigenous peoples’ “right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions.”
Ms. Sambo Dorough also mentioned that the necessary framework to ensure indigenous peoples’ engagement already exists at the Arctic Council. However, as indigenous peoples assume further responsibilities as self-governments, their status at the Arctic Council should increase to reflect such realities.
Mr. Bevington, Member of Parliament, Canada, commented that the terms and conditions considered by environmental impact assessments of natural resources’ exploitation projects are crucial when examining the impact of such activities on local communities. In his opinion, in Canada, despite successes in the area of land claims agreements, there are shortcomings in terms of indigenous communities’ meaningful participation in environmental impact assessments of industrial development projects. Ms. Sambo Dorough agreed that the translation of international indigenous human rights standards to the local level is still problematic. She noted that financial resources required for proper indigenous participation are not only needed at the Arctic Council but also at local levels.
Senator Lang, Canada, noted the direct involvement of the Inuit people of Nunavut, Canada, in their governance. Decision making in areas such as health care and education is determined by the Nunavut Legislature where the majority of members are Inuit. He also raised the issue of private home ownership by indicating that, in Canada, many indigenous peoples still depend on their local band or the federal government for housing. Mr. Sivertsen concurred by indicating there is a need to empower individuals, in addition to enabling proper indigenous participation in governance at the collective level. Ms. Sambo Dorough added that indigenous governments also have responsibilities in ensuring a decent quality of life for their people. However, time is needed to properly assess the success of indigenous governance established by various land claims agreements.
Ms. Yvonne Jones, Member of Parliament, Canada, commented that, in the case of Nunatsiavut in Labrador, Canada, natural resources development acted as a catalyst for a land claim agreement. The implementation of that agreement instilled a sense of pride in the local indigenous people who gained a voice in decision making in areas such as industrial development, health care and employment. She expressed her desire for parliamentarians to encourage their respective governments to settle land claims for indigenous peoples without being pressured to do so because of potential natural resources development activities. Ms. Sambo Dorough also considered the land claim agreement in Labrador as an extraordinary worldwide model given the comprehensive scope of the agreement respecting the distinctiveness of indigenous self-government, and the inclusion of indigenous title in sea spaces provisions.
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
18
session 3: enhanCing northern eConomies: responsible resourCe development and CapaCitY building
The first speaker of the third session was Mr. Justin Ferbey, Chief Executive Officer, Carcross Tagish Management Corporation (CTMC). CTMC is the economic development branch of Carcross/Tagish First Nation (CTFN) and acts on behalf of the CTFN and its citizens in the areas of business development and economic sustainability. Mr. Ferbey talked about the need to find local solutions to local challenges. To illustrate his point about capacity building, Mr. Ferbey presented a video about CTMC’s projects. These projects aim to develop the local private sector and to alleviate poverty via employment, training and entrepreneurship.
The goal of the Carcross “Single Track to Success” project was to create a trail network in the Carcross area to attract tourists, get youth back on the land, and promote community wellness. To service the market created by that project, CTMC also embarked on the “Carcross Commons” project. This venture developed a market square, performance and arts centre, and contributed to a cultural revitalization of the community via the building of totem poles. The third project mentioned by Mr. Ferbey was the construction of a resort and mountain cabins to accommodate and expand the adventure tourism market.
Mr. Ferbey pointed out that these projects have set people up for success. Local young people have learned trail construction, First Aid, and basic trade capacities, all of which have developed their leadership and team-building skills, as well as reconnecting them to the land and instilling in them a sense of pride.
The second speaker was Mr. Tom Paddon, President and Chief Executive Officer, Baffinland Mines. Mr. Paddon presented the case of the development of the Mary River Mine in Nunavut, Canada, as an example of responsible resource development and a capacity building endeavour in the Arctic. He indicated that Baffinland Mines is committed to conducting business in accordance with principles of Corporate Social Responsibility in areas such as health and safety, the environment, investment in local communities, and transparent governance. In 2013, after a series of public hearings, Baffinland Mines and the Qikiqtani Inuit Association signed an Impact Benefit Agreement (IBA) paving the way for the Mary River iron mine.
According to Mr. Paddon, resource development projects create choices for local communities. He indicated that IBAs create a framework for reconciling the rights and interests of different parties, public understanding of the joint commitment of partners, and confidence for work to be launched and opportunities to be developed. In the case of the Mary River Mine, the IBA was built upon three pillars: training, employment and contracting. The training pillar identified needs and existing skill levels of the local workforce in order to prioritize funding. The employment aspect gave priority to local recruitment. As for contracting, priority was given to indigenous businesses and the creation of joint-ventures was encouraged. Mr. Paddon also drew attention to the company’s “Work Ready Program” created to build the capacity of the local workforce. This program addresses the challenges of rotational work, family stresses and personal finances.
The final speaker of the third session was United States’ Senator Murkowski. In her role as SCPAR’s rapporteur for this session, she stated that SCPAR’s report on Innovative Capacity Building and Economic Development in the Arctic asked a fundamental question: “As parliamentarians with a focus on the people we represent in the Arctic, how can we best prepare the ground for sustainable economic development in the Arctic that benefits the people of that region?” She stressed that the economic potential of the Arctic can be realized only by also considering infrastructure development, governance models and environmental challenges.
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
19
Senator Murkowski indicated that limited existing infrastructure can be an opportunity for innovation and parliamentarians should look for ways to ensure that future infrastructure development aligns with the needs of the community and addresses capacity shortcomings. She emphasised that Arctic nations should use their harsh environment to their advantage in developing a sustainable economy. Senator Murkowski mentioned the example of the collaboration among the State of Alaska, Fairbanks North Star Borough, and the University of Alaska in establishing an Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) industry. There are many uses for UAS in the Arctic, from search and rescue to data collection, domain awareness, surveillance, and aerial and under-water/under-ice mapping. In Senator Murkowski’s view, establishing an UAS research park in the Arctic helps retain local students in the region by providing exciting and viable career opportunities.
Senator Murkowski mentioned that the high cost of electricity in Arctic regions hampers economic development, but can also represent an opportunity to attract investment in cutting edge technologies. She expressed the hope that new affordable technologies devised in the Arctic, can then be adopted by other remote locations around the globe. Limited domain awareness in the Arctic was another area cited by Senator Murkowski as being both a challenge and an opportunity for technological development. She indicated that the University of Alaska Fairbanks’ Center for Island, Maritime, and Extreme Environment Security is working on a remote power module (RPM) to provide a reliable and autonomous platform for enhanced maritime domain awareness and surveillance capabilities. The RPM, powered by wind turbines and solar cells with a back-up generator, can meet the needs of Arctic navigation surveillance and monitor open water between pack ice and shore for resource exploration.
Senator Murkowski noted that the SCPAR report on this session’s theme affirms the importance of capacity development to be relevant for the people living in the Arctic, and the required link between the economic opportunities and the education system. She stressed that a cookie-cutter approach to education in the Arctic is not a successful one and the inclusion of local knowledge and interests in education is necessary to get students interested in higher learning. The Uniting Native Indigenous Traditional Education and University Science program, which assists Alaskan students in understanding the significance of Arctic issues that confront their communities was cited by Senator Murkowski as an engaging education program seeking to connect students with their local community and environment.
In preparation for the United States’ chairmanship of the Arctic Council from 2015-2017, Senator Murkowski mentioned that the Department of State’s Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs has established a Fulbright Arctic Initiative to support research and cooperation in the Arctic. This initiative will provide research grants to 10 or more Fulbright Scholars from the Arctic Council countries, beginning in May 2015 and concluding in May 2017. She concluded her speech by stating that sustainable economic and capacity development in the Arctic can and needs to be more than just about natural resource extraction. The region’s natural resources provide a bridge to create a more diverse economy and to help improve infrastructure and local capacity.
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
20
Justin Ferbey, Chief Executive Officer, Carcross Tagish Management Corporation, Tom Paddon, President and Chief Executive Officer, Baffinland Mines, Senator Lisa Murkowski, United States, Eirik Sivertsen, Member of Parliament, Norway, and Sara Olsvig, Co-Chair of the Conference and Chair of SCPAR. Photo credit: gbpcreative.ca
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
21
Questions and CommentsMr. Fedot Tumusov, Member of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, enquired about difficulties encountered by Baffinland Mines during its negotiations with the local Inuit people. He also asked about government subsidies promoting the development of new energy sources in Alaska. In response to Mr. Tumusov’s question about the Mary River Mine, Mr. Paddon indicated that achieving a mutual understanding of each partner’s realities, concerns and constraints is difficult but critical since it leads to trust building. In relation to government subsidies in Alaska, Senator Murkowski noted that, at the state level, the Power Cost Equalization program provides economic assistance to residential customers in rural areas. The State of Alaska also contributes to a Renewable Energy Grant fund. However, Senator Murkowski pointed out that this initiative is currently not funded at a level that would lead to a meaningful impact. At the federal level, she mentioned that limited tax credits are available to encourage the use of renewable energy sources.
Ms. Margunn Ebbesen, Member of Parliament, Norway, informed the audience about an engineering education program in northern Norway. The program, geared towards northern needs, was developed in cooperation with local businesses and trade unions. According to Ms. Ebbesen, by making education more relevant to Arctic students, such a program will enhance economic development and local capacity. She expressed the desire for increased cooperation among Arctic states regarding innovation in education. Senator Murkowski noted that the University of Alaska has an initiative called the Alaska Native Science and Engineering Program designed to create new professionals in science, engineering and mathematics among indigenous students. For his part, Mr. Paddon saw reasons for optimism regarding capacity building since there are currently similar education programs across the Arctic as well as professional training offered by businesses such as mining companies. Mr. Ferbey added that a comparable program to the one in northern Norway exists in Yukon. Local organizations and the Yukon College have partnered with the University of Cape Breton to create an education program responding to the specific needs of Yukon’s youth.
Ms. Siri Meling, Member of Parliament, Norway, congratulated Canada for its efforts in the creation of the Arctic Economic Council and was also pleased that the Arctic Economic Council’s Secretariat will be located in Norway. She asked the panelists on the role of parliamentarians in ensuring that the Arctic Economic Council will follow sustainable economic development principles. Mr. Steen Gade, Member of Parliament, Denmark, questioned Senator Murkowski about barriers preventing more people from seeing the Arctic as a place for opportunities and innovation. Finally, Mr. Ryan Leef, Member of Parliament, Canada, enquired about building leadership capacity and the importance of developing that capacity from the grassroots levels.
In Mr. Ferbey’s opinion, education programs in leadership and negotiation skills are necessary for building leadership capacity in the Arctic. Such programs should also involve the contribution of indigenous elders. He noted that in Yukon in recent years, there has been an increase in the proportion of young leaders and chiefs who hold post-secondary degrees. Mr. Paddon indicated that successful examples of the integration of private businesses interests and local communities’ needs should be shared as best practices. As Chair of the Arctic Economic Council, Mr. Paddon pointed out that it is a new body and still has to prioritize its actions. Regarding infrastructure development, he suggested that the Arctic Economic Council might play a constructive role in infusing northern environmental stewardship with the efficiency of the private sector. Senator Murkowski expressed the view that a major limitation in seeing the Arctic as a land of opportunities for innovation often comes from the low expectations of Arctic residents themselves. She stressed that Arctic peoples need to realize that much progress has been accomplished throughout the years in areas such as health care and education. Senator Murkowski also mentioned the availability of capital and the lack of flexibility of national regulations as other barriers to innovation. She emphasised the need for national regulations to take into account Arctic realities and specificities.
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
22
session 4: environmental Challenges
The session on environmental challenges in the Arctic began with a presentation by Ms. Gail Fondahl, Professor of Geography at the University of Northern British Columbia. She noted that current environmental changes are overwhelmingly anthropogenic in origin and can have natural but also socioeconomic, political and cultural challenges. The interactions between these environmental challenges are complex and not yet fully understood. She recalled a recommendation from the 10th CPAR Statement to Arctic states, the Arctic Council and the EU institutions to analyze the knowledge gaps in Arctic social sciences and research, and to enhance cross-border knowledge sharing and building.
Ms. Fondahl illustrated the complex and interconnected nature of environmental challenges by citing the case of reindeer herders and hunters in the Sakha Republic, Russia. They experience challenges attributable to climate change, an oil pipeline development, deficient infrastructure, a legal regime that questions their right to pursue small-scale mineral extraction on their lands, and a World Wildlife Fund-established nature reserve that overlaps with their hunting territory.
Ms. Fondahl also reminded participants of a recommendation from the Arctic Council’s 2004 Arctic Human Development Report (AHDR) to monitor human development in the context of an unprecedented combination of rapid and stressful changes. That recommendation was also reiterated in the 9th CPAR Statement in 2010. The AHDR pointed out that northerners put significant emphasis on aspects of well-being not captured in mainstream human development indicators such as the UN Human Development Index.
In Ms. Fondahl’s view, in order to overcome environmental challenges, one must identify best practices in resource governance such as the Impact Benefit Agreements mentioned by Mr. Paddon in the previous session. Understanding the capacity of informal institutions to complement formal institutions in ways that ensure responsiveness in resource management and removing obstacles, such as unsettled land claims, to adaptive resource governance are equally critical.
In her presentation, Ms. Fondahl also touched upon the gender dimension of environmental challenges. Ms. Fondahl indicated that gender affects career and mobility choices, sense of security as well as the view of Corporate Social Responsibility. She noted that the 10th CPAR Statement called for the use of gender based analyses in the development, implementation and assessment of all Arctic policies.
To build capacity in the context of environmental challenges, Ms. Fondahl called for a multidisciplinary approach as well as the inclusion of traditional knowledge as reflected in a recommendation made in the 10th CPAR Statement to “improve the interplay and complementary relationship between traditional knowledge and conventional science.” The value of traditional indigenous knowledge was illustrated in the Canadian discovery of one of the Franklin Expedition’s ships. Ms. Fondahl also noted the cost of ignoring traditional knowledge by citing the example of the establishment of a permanent village now facing evacuation in the erosion-prone coastal region of Shishmaref, Alaska.
Ms. Annika Nilsson, Senior Research Fellow, Stockholm Environment Institute, started her presentation by pointing out that environmental challenges are not new for Arctic inhabitants. Peoples in Arctic regions have always found various strategies to cope with natural and anthropogenic environmental changes. Ms. Nilsson cited a case study completed by the Arctic Council’s Arctic Resilience Interim Report 2013. The study showed that southwestern Yukon’s people have created resilience as well as capacity to capture new opportunities in face of environmental changes. However, Ms. Nilsson indicated that the impact of climate change, which is not necessarily gradual, may go beyond what could be expected from past experiences of natural variability.
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
23
The environmental changes visible in the Arctic are linked to a global economic, social and political system based on energy sources that contribute to global and Arctic warming.
Ms. Nilsson asserted that an issue that has not received proper attention yet is the increasing competition for water and land in the warming Arctic even though, in these regions, land might appear vast and sparsely populated. This competition results from human activities that are concentrated in certain areas, not least along coasts and waterways, where landscape features provide protection and migration paths, or where ecosystems are unusually productive. The competition translates into an increase in conflicts among traditional land use, new industrial development and nature conservation. Mining, reindeer herding, tourism and wind energy production were cited by Ms. Nilsson as examples of activities competing for space in northern Sweden. In Norway, clashes occur between fisheries and offshore hydrocarbon extraction interests. In Russia, reindeer herding and gas exploitation and pipelines occur in the same areas.
Ms. Nilsson suggested that one way to cope with rapid environmental change is to look at the issue of resilience. She indicated that one of the features of a social-ecological system enhancing our capacity to handle rapid changes is the natural capital (ecosystem). In her opinion, the political question in relation to resilience is how to protect ecosystem processes in such a way that they continue to provide for humans, even if the climate changes radically and results in unforeseen environmental challenges. She suggested that resilience is affected when resources are exploited to the point that the population has no buffering capacity left when the environment changes.
The second feature of the adaptive and transformative capacity cited by Ms. Nilsson was social capital, essential for societies to be able to work collectively in solving problems. National parliaments are part of the social capital as is the Arctic Council at the international level. Ms. Nilsson stressed that trust among various actors and the ability to communicate and learn from each others are also considered social capital. She cited a list of other features contributing to a resilient society including:
human capital: skills, competences and education of individuals; knowledge assets: collective ability to perceive and understand change and to take
action; cultural capital; financial capital; and infrastructure.
Ms. Nilsson argued that there is a need to evaluate not only emergency preparedness in the Arctic, but also adaptive capacity. This capacity to deal with both gradual and sudden environmental change is linked to environmental monitoring and the on-going efforts to develop indicators for human development. Some efforts have already been devoted to improving various aspects of adaptive and transformative capacity in the Arctic such as investments in education. However, according to Ms. Nilsson, challenges remain in relation to the lack of trust, because of past history, that affects social capital. Furthermore, the loss of cultural capital and knowledge connected with languages and traditional practices among indigenous peoples have eroded traditional sources of Arctic resilience. Therefore, she indicated that understanding sources of resilience and safeguarding them is critical to adapting and taking advantage of rapid change. For Ms. Nilsson, such an exercise would benefit from co-learning across knowledge traditions.
To conclude her presentation, Ms. Nilsson emphasised the need to prepare for transformation and asserted that the current global development path is not sustainable. She called on parliamentarians to take the political responsibility for nurturing the shared resources that make up adaptive and transformative capacity and to foster dialogue.
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
24
Gail Fondahl, University of Northern British Columbia, Annika Nilsson, Stockholm Environment Institute, Senator Vladimir Torlopov, Council of the Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Jon Gunnarsson, Member of Parliament, Iceland, and Senator Percy Downe, Canada. Photo credit: gbpcreative.ca
Senator Vladimir Torlopov, Member of the Council of the Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and SCPAR’s rapporteur on environmental challenges, was the last speaker of the session. Senator Torlopov’s presentation focused on the importance of boreal forests as a key factor for Earth’s ecosystems’ health. He indicated that boreal forests represent 30% of the world’s forests and cover 75%, 88% and 67% of Canada’s, Alaska’s and Russia’s forested land respectively. Boreal forests are also home for many indigenous peoples. However, industrial development, logging and climate change are affecting the health and coverage of boreal forests resulting in cumulative environmental impacts. Senator Torlopov proposed greater Arctic cooperation in the management of boreal forests.
Senator Torlopov also recommended a common Arctic monitoring system for boreal forests that could be part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)’s Global Forest Observations Initiative. Furthermore, he called for a Boreal Forest Action Plan and enhanced exchanges of best practices in boreal forest management among Arctic states. Senator Torlopov cited the collaboration in scientific research and in forest sector governance between Russia and the European Forest Institute as a successful example of international cooperation and capacity building in managing environmental challenges.
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
25
Questions and CommentsMs. Anita Brodén, Member of Parliament, Sweden, asked the panelists about ways to ensure that transformative capacity to change can be conducive to sustainable development and the possibilities for natural resources development to enhance adaptive and transformative capacity. Ms. Nilsson replied that trust and good governance are essential in developing a transformative capacity that would be beneficial for sustainable development in the Arctic. She mentioned that challenges need to be discussed openly among all actors. Regarding natural resources development, Ms. Nilsson argued that long-term thinking as well as the establishment of buffering capacity for future adjustments are important in the context of rapid environmental change and the current lack of knowledge of both the natural and social environments.
Ms. Fondahl added that working together to determine effective co-management of natural resources is particularly vital. Senator Torlopov indicated that boosting the voice of the Arctic Council and of Arctic peoples in international forums is another beneficial step towards developing adaptive and transformative capacity and ensuring sustainable development in the Arctic. He stressed the importance of adequate financing for research institutes and the fact that policy makers must rely upon solid scientific research that takes into account all relevant factors in order to take appropriate political decisions.
A Member of Parliament from Norway brought up the issue of Arctic fisheries in the context of climate change. He commented that ocean warming has affected the migration pattern of species such as mackerel with potential impacts on other species, including Atlantic salmon, as well as on food security in the region. Ms. Nilsson noted that ocean acidification can also affect food webs. She therefore highlighted the importance of scientific research since it is still presently impossible to predict all the implications of climate change. Ms. Nilsson indicated that the natural environment is not a linear system but rather a complex system. The removal of a top predator in a food web, for example, can have unpredictable consequences. She highlighted the need to be prepared for changes and for surprises.
Mr. Steen Gade, Member of Parliament, Denmark, called attention to the issue of toxic chemicals in the Arctic. He mentioned that there is a need to place more emphasis on toxic chemicals generated in industrial areas of the Arctic as well as on long-range transport of contaminants. Ms. Nilsson concurred by mentioning the serious costs of high concentrations of some chemicals in humans. She indicated that toxic chemicals pollution erodes a society’s adaptive capacity to climate change; as an example, she highlighted how contaminants in Baltic Sea fish have affected food security in that region.
Ms. Ingrid Heggø, Member of Parliament, Norway, asked Ms. Fondahl for her thoughts on the concept of sustainable resources development when one considers mining for minerals to be used in manufacturing electric vehicles or solar panels. Ms. Fondahl asserted that the term “sustainable mining” is an oxymoron and “responsible mining” should be used instead. Given the continued rise in total greenhouse gas emissions worldwide, she stressed, however, that investment in renewable energy sources is to be privileged. Senator Torlopov suggested that enhanced government funding for renewable energy development will be required since profits to be made from that industry are currently not attractive enough for the private sector.
Ms. Olsvig raised the issue of culture and explained its relevance in discussions about environmental challenges. She noted that when climate change affects sea ice, boreal forests or food sources, it also impacts people’s livelihood and culture. Ms. Nilsson agreed and indicated that culture includes knowledge and practices but also values. She stressed that discussions are needed regarding values that will guide industrial development activities in the Arctic. Ms. Nilsson insisted on the necessity to connect culture, ecosystem and political systems that co-exist in the same socio-ecological world. Ms. Fondahl also brought up the issue of the loss of languages in the Arctic and the intergenerational transfer of culture given the mixed identities of many Arctic youth in our globalized and interconnected world.
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
26
adoption of ConferenCe statement
Delegates to the 11th CPAR. Photo credit: gbpcreative.ca
Ms. Olsvig introduced the Conference statement on behalf of the drafting committee. The statement includes recommendations to governments in the Arctic region, the Arctic Council and the institutions of the EU on the four themes of the 11th CPAR:
Sustainable infrastructure development; Governance and decision-making processes; Enhancing northern economies, Resource development and Capacity building; and Environmental challenges.
Ms. Olsvig emphasised the statement’s preamble regarding the role of parliamentarians in the Arctic Region to advise and contribute to the work of the Arctic Council. She also announced that CPAR welcomed and accepted the invitation of the Parliament of Russia to host the 12th Conference in 2016. Upon the adoption of the Conference statement by all delegates, with no objections, Ms. Olsvig expressed her wish for parliamentarians to actively promote the statement’s recommendations to their respective governments and the Arctic Council. She then informed participants that she is stepping down as Chair of SCPAR and thanked the Parliament of Canada and its staff for organizing an exceptional conference.
Mr. Tilson closed the Conference by underlining the excellence of the presentations, the thoughtful discussions, and the stirring spirit of friendship and cooperation. He noted that the Conference had been impressive as an effort to improve the lives of the people of the North and that this goal was
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
27
made clear in the Conference statement. Mr. Tilson highlighted the statement’s recommendation to encourage mutual understanding of the rights of the peoples of the Arctic to utilize their resources in a sustainable way, and the importance of securing their livelihoods by expanding the markets for traditional products, such as seal products. He indicated that it is up to parliamentarians to push this agenda forward in their parliaments and through continued interparliamentary cooperation at SCPAR. Mr. Tilson then thanked Ms. Olsvig for her valuable and active role as a member of SCPAR.
Mr. Eirik Sivertsen, Parliament of Norway, elected as new Chair of SCPAR on 10 September 2014 and Mr. Dennis Bevington, Parliament of Canada, reelected as Vice-Chair of SCPAR. Photo credit: Bjørn Willy Robstad.
side event: visit to Yukon College
On Wednesday 10 September, following the official closing of the Conference, a group of approximately 35 Conference participants visited the main (Ayamdigut) campus of Yukon College in Whitehorse.
The visit began with a presentation from Dr. Karen Barnes (President of Yukon College), (Vice President, Academic and Student Services) and Ms. Tosh Southwick (Director, First Nation Initiatives). The participants learned that the College is the only territorially funded postsecondary institution in Yukon, and has eleven community campuses outside Whitehorse. The presentation included an overview of the Centre for Northern Innovation in Mining and the Bachelor of Science program in Northern Environmental and Conservation Sciences (offered jointly with the University of Alberta).
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
28
The presentation also highlighted the collaboration between the College and Yukon’s 14 First Nations through the College’s First Nation Initiatives department. The department is dedicated to promoting and integrating First Nations’ cultures, traditions and history into all aspects of the College. One of the goals of the collaboration is also to develop programs that are relevant, accessible and help build capacity in First Nations’ communities.
Following the presentation, the participants received tours of several research projects being undertaken at the College’s Yukon Research Centre. The participants received short presentations from College researchers on:
a project to test the efficiency of various types of wall assemblies and insulation technologies (in outdoor huts built by students);
research on metal uptake in northern constructed wetlands; biodiversity monitoring, particularly of bird species; permafrost core research, including research on the vulnerability of the North Alaska
Highway to Climate Change; and research assessing the efficiency of bioreactor substrates and nutrients for the removal of
heavy metals from mine effluents.
Examining permafrost cores at Yukon College. Photo credit: gbpcreative.ca
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
29
ConferenCe statement We, the elected representatives from Canada, Denmark/Greenland, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the United States of America;
In collaboration with the indigenous peoples of the Arctic;
Meeting to discuss Sustainable Infrastructure Development, Governance Models and Decision-Making Processes, Enhancing Northern Economies: Responsible Resource Development and Capacity Building, and Environmental Challenges;
Considering the transformative change now occurring in the Arctic driven by the forces of climate change and globalization resulting in tighter economic and geopolitical links;
Underlining the positive development of Arctic cooperation and with a view to promote even closer and deeper cooperation;
Emphasizing the role of the parliamentarians in the Arctic Region to advise and contribute to the work of the Arctic Council;
Ask the governments in the Arctic Region, the Arctic Council and the institutions of the European Union, where appropriate:
Regarding Sustainable Infrastructure Development to: 1. Promote closer cooperation among coastguards in the Arctic countries and work towards
getting a common operational picture for ships operating in the Arctic;
2. Support cross-border and trans-border economic and human cooperation in the Arctic Region;
3. Improve cooperation and coordination when developing sustainable infrastructure and domain awareness in the Arctic Region, such as satellite surveillance, Unmanned Aircraft Systems, communications, maps and marine infrastructure and look for financial solutions that encourage a regional and international approach;
4. Support the development of renewable energy suitable for the Arctic Region to drastically reduce black carbon emissions;
5. Promote new technological innovation and research that supports sustainable energy generation pilot projects in the Arctic for affordable electricity production and heating, and to create efficient waste disposal and reduce emissions in order to establish self-supporting energy production for Arctic communities;
6. Promote the creation of infrastructure to support food security, such as local processing and incentives supporting Arctic traditional livelihoods, fisheries and agriculture;
7. Support the creation of infrastructure, such as roads, ports and airports, that support and assist in the development of tourism, local economies and other environmentally sustainable economic activities;
8. Continue and strengthen cooperation in the International Maritime Organization to ensure the finalization of the Polar Code and its effective implementation.
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
30
Regarding Governance Models and Decision-Making Processes to: 9. Support the development of training and research programs through the University of the
Arctic which encourage sustainable development, cultural activities and circumpolar mobility;
10. Promote a human rights approach to development in the Arctic and enhance knowledge of basic human rights on all levels of governance;
11. Exchange best practices on how to nationally involve local and regional governments in decision-making processes in the Arctic Council;
12. Explore new ways to involve regional and local stakeholders in Arctic decision-making processes, such as the outreach events established under the Canadian Chairmanship;
13. Secure the role and participation of the Permanent Participants in the Arctic Council and provide mechanisms to increase their financial and human resources to participate fully in all the activities of the Arctic Council;
14. Address the issue of the growing number of Observers in the Arctic Council, and the possibility for these observers to speak and interact directly with states and Permanent Participants at relevant Arctic Council meetings;
15. Exchange best practices on national governance models to include the views of the indigenous peoples in the national decision-making processes;
16. Explore new areas for legally binding agreements between the Arctic countries;
17. Support initiatives such as the forthcoming EU Arctic Information Centre and the Canadian High Arctic Research Centre as vital tools to supplement existing structures for Arctic research, education and information collaboration;
18. Hold an Arctic Summit, on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Arctic Council in 2016, involving heads of state and governments of the Arctic Council member states, as well as the heads of the Permanent Participants.
Regarding Enhancing Northern Economies, Resource Development and Capacity Building to:
19. Establish an Arctic innovation system which links the scientific community, the business sector, political society and local populations, for instance through an Arctic mentorship and mobility program;
20. Support relevant capacity building, particularly through education and training, to ensure that local communities will continue to benefit from economic development;
21. Share and utilize existing technologies and affordable energy generation and deployment practices, particularly in remote communities, as a way to reduce the cost of energy, reduce carbon emissions, support infrastructure development, and contribute to the well-being of residents of the Arctic, and the viability of communities across the Arctic;
22. Exchange experiences and best practices about how industrial projects and traditional industries can coexist and benefit from one another;
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
31
23. Promote a Circumpolar Mobility Program to encourage the mobility of students as well as scientists among the Arctic countries with a focus on mutual understanding, collaboration, innovation and sustainable economic development;
24. Support the ongoing work with the International Polar Partnership Initiative to facilitate improved cooperation on future polar research;
25. Promote sustainable resource development in the Arctic by assessing the impacts of development on the environment, societies and cultures, including resilience assessments;
26. Promote cooperation in order to develop new technological solutions that improve the capabilities of the mining industry in challenging Arctic conditions;
27. Recognize the importance of tourism and examine the possibilities of eco-tourism and geo-tourism in the Arctic while developing joint guidelines for sustainable land- and sea-based tourism;
28. Continue to explore the possibilities of ensuring Corporate Social Responsibility—CSR—in the Arctic Region and assess if the principles of the UN Global Compact initiative can be applied when developing activities in the Arctic;
29. Promote the role of a business-driven Arctic Economic Council as one of many partners in the development of a diverse, sustainable and prosperous economy for the Arctic Region;
30. Encourage mutual understanding of the rights of the peoples of the Arctic to utilize their resources in a sustainable way, and the importance of securing their livelihoods by expanding the markets for traditional products, such as seal products, where applicable;
31. Support the value added and innovation in Arctic indigenous societies to strengthen their adaptive capacity to change, including initiatives such as the Arctic Indigenous Peoples´ Culinary Institute, the Arctic Council Indigenous Youth Engagement Leadership Program for Local Adaptation, and the EALLIN Reindeer Herding Youth Project.
Regarding Environmental Challenges to: 32. Develop overall strategies for assessing environmental, social and cultural benefits and
impacts when developing natural resources in the Arctic, to ensure that any such development is based on principles of sustainability;
33. Initiate joint research on challenges related to oil drilling and transportation of oil and other hazardous goods in Arctic waters in order to prevent accidents and improve capacity in the event of oil spills and other environmental accidents;
34. Establish closer cooperation on challenges related to oil drilling and transportation of oil and other hazardous goods in Arctic waters;
35. Examine how closer Arctic cooperation can promote the use of renewable resources in the region;
36. Develop comprehensive adaptation strategies to prepare Arctic societies for the consequences of climate change;
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
32
37. Enhance the health and growth of forests through the sustainable management and use of forest resources while facilitating adaptation to climate change;
38. Continue the work of identifying particularly vulnerable Arctic areas that require special management to secure biodiversity;
39. Raise a strong Arctic message to communicate the consequences of climate change in the Arctic at the UNFCCC COP 20 in Lima in 2014 as well as at the COP 21 negotiations in Paris in December 2015.
Ask the Standing Committee of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region to: 40. Explore the possibility of arranging annual Conferences of Parliamentarians of the Arctic
Region;
41. Continue to promote an active dialogue between the Arctic Council and the Standing Committee of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region to secure mutually beneficial cooperation;
42. Further explore and strengthen the possibilities for increased cooperation in the field of culture in the different parts of the Arctic region, and thereby build capacity in communities to deal with environmental, economic, cultural and social challenges for the benefit of sustainable development in the Arctic region.
Furthermore the Conference: 43. Acknowledges the interest and presence of parliamentary observers and representatives
from governments and non-governmental agencies at this Conference, and recognizes their important role in relaying the messages and supporting the actions herein discussed;
44. Acknowledges the importance of, and supports, the active participation of indigenous peoples throughout all ongoing and future activities and processes in the Arctic Region;
45. Welcomes the forthcoming US Chairmanship of the Arctic Council and looks forward to continued cooperation with the Arctic Council;
46. Welcomes and accepts the invitation of the Parliament of Russia to host the twelfth Conference in 2016.
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
33
ConferenCe program
tuesdaY, 9 september 2014
09:00 - 13:00 Registration
09:00 - 10:00 Meeting of the Drafting Committee
10:00 - 11:00 Meeting of the Standing Committee of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region (SCPAR)
11:00 - 12:00 Meeting of SCPAR and CPAR Observers
12:00 - 13:00 Luncheon for Members of SCPAR
13:00 - 14:30 Official Opening Session
Traditional Blessing
Co-Chairs:
Ms. Sara Olsvig, M.P., Chair of SCPAR and Co-Chair of the 11th Conference of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region (CPAR)
Mr. David Tilson, M.P., Co-Chair of the 11th CPAR and President of the Canada-Europe Parliamentary Association
Welcoming Remarks:
Mr. David Tilson, M.P., Co-Chair of the 11th CPAR and President of the Canada-Europe Parliamentary Association
Honourable Daniel Lang, Senator, Yukon
Mr. Ryan Leef, M.P., Yukon
Honourable Darrell Pasloski, Premier of Yukon
Remarks followed by Question and Answer Session:
Ms. Sara Olsvig, M.P., Chair of the SCPAR and Co-Chair of the 11th CPAR
14:30 - 14:45 Official Group Photo
14:45 - 15:00 Health Break
15:00 - 17:00 Session 1: Sustainable Infrastructure Development
Moderators: United States of America and Finland
Panelists: Mr. Mitch Bloom, Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency Mr. Rick Meyers, Mining Association of Canada
Rapporteur: Mr. Dennis Bevington, M.P.
17:00 Meeting of the Drafting Committee
18:30 - 20:30 Dinner Reception showcasing First Nations culture
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
34
WednesdaY, 10 september 2014
08:00 - 09:00 Meeting of the Drafting Committee
09:00 - 10:30 Session 2: Governance Models and Decision-Making Processes
Moderators: Sweden and Russia
Panelists: Ms. Dalee Sambo Dorough, University of Alaska, Anchorage Ms. Susan Harper, Department of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Development Canada
Rapporteur: Mr. Eirik Sivertsen, M.P.
10:30 - 10:45 Health Break
10:45 - 12:30 Session 3: Enhancing Northern Economies: Responsible Resource Development and Capacity Building
Moderators: Denmark and Norway
Panelists: Mr. Justin Ferbey, Carcross/Tagish Management Corporation Mr. Tom Paddon, Baffinland Mines
Rapporteur: Senator Lisa Murkowski
12:30 - 14:30 Working Luncheon for the Members of the Drafting Committee
12:30 - 14:30 Buffet luncheon (all participants)
14:30 - 16:00 Session 4: Environmental Challenges
Moderators: Iceland and Canada
Panelists: Ms. Gail Fondahl, University of Northern British Columbia Ms. Annika E. Nilsson, Stockholm Environment Institute
Rapporteur: Senator Vladimir A. Torlopov
16:00 - 16:30 Adoption of the Conference Statement
Announcement for the 12th Conference in 2016
Closing of the Conference:
Ms. Sara Olsvig, M.P., Chair of the SCPAR and Co-Chair of the 11th CPAR
Mr. David Tilson, M.P., Co-Chair of the 11th CPAR and President of the Canada-Europe Parliamentary Association
16:30 - 17:30 Meeting of SCPAR
16:30 Departure for Yukon College
16:45 Tour of Yukon College/First Nations Initiatives and Centre for Innovation in Mining
17:45 Departure for the hotel
18:45 Departure by foot for evening program Cork and Bull Restaurant
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
35
thursdaY, 11 september 2014
08:15 Assemble in the hotel lobby
08:30 Departure by coach for Haines Junction
10:30 Arrival at Da Kų Cultural Centre Tour of Kluane National Park Visitor Centre and Da Ku Cultural Centre
12:30 Departure by coach for Kluane National Park
13:00 Picnic luncheon followed by tour of Kluane National Park
14:00 Departure for the hotel
16:30 Arrival at the hotel
22:30 - 02:30 Aurora Borealis Viewing Tour (Optional Activity)
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
36
list of partiCipants
SpeakersBevington, Dennis, M.P., Canada, Vice-Chair of SCPAR
Bloom, Mitch, Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency
Ferbey, Justin, Carcross/Tagish Management Corporation, Canada
Fondahl, Gail, University of Northern British Columbia, Canada
Harper, Susan, Department of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Development Canada
Lang, Daniel, Senator, Canada
Leef, Ryan, M.P., Canada, Member of SCPAR
Murkowski, Lisa, Senator, United States, Member of SCPAR
Myers, Richard, Mining Association of Canada
Nilsson, Annika, Stockholm Environment Institute
Olsvig, Sara, M.P., Denmark, Chair of SCPAR
Paddon, Tom, Baffinland Mines, Canada
Pasloski, Darrell, Premier of Yukon, Canada
Sambo Dorough, Dalee, University of Alaska, United States
Sivertsen, Eirik, M.P., Norway, Member of SCPAR
Tilson, David, M.P., Canada, President of the Canada-Europe Parliamentary Association
Torlopov, Vladimir, Senator, Russia, Member of SCPAR
Parliamentary Delegations
Canada
Bateman, Joyce, M.P.
Bevington, Dennis, M.P., Vice-Chair of SCPAR
Chisu, Corneliu, M.P.
Downe, Percy, Senator
Jones, Yvonne, M.P.
Lang, Daniel, Senator
Leef, Ryan, M.P., Member of SCPAR
Maltais, Ghislain, Senator
Rivard, Michel, Senator
Shipley, Beverley, M.P.
Tilson, David, M.P., President of the Canada-Europe Parliamentary Association
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
37
Denmark/Greenland
Gade, Steen, M.P.
Jensen, Peter Juel, M.P.
Olsvig, Sara, M.P., Chair of SCPAR
Finland
Autto, Heikki, M.P.
Ojala-Niemelä, Johanna, M.P., Member of SCPAR
Vehkaperä, Mirja, M.P.
Iceland
Bjarnadottir, Valgerdur, M.P.
Gunnarsson, Jon, M.P., Member of SCPAR
Saevarsdottir, Lineik Anna, M.P.
Norway
Ebbesen, Margunn, M.P.
Fredriksen, Jan-Henrik, M.P.
Heggø, Ingrid, M.P.
Meling, Siri, M.P.
Sivertsen, Eirik, M.P., Member of SCPAR
Russia
Poddubnyy, Sergey, M.P.
Kazakovtsev, Oleg, Senator
Torlopov, Vladimir, Senator, Member of SCPAR
Tumusov, Fedot, M.P.
Sweden
Brodén, Anita, M.P.
Caplan, Stefan, M.P.
Johansson, Ann-Kristine, M.P., Member of SCPAR
Karlsson, Anders, M.P.
United States
Murkowski, Lisa, Senator, Member of SCPAR
11th
CPA
R, C
on
feRe
nCe
ReP
oRt
• W
hit
eho
Rse,
Yu
kon
, CA
nA
dA
38
Permanent ParticipantsHenry, Colleen, Arctic Athabaskan Council
Jonsson, Hakan, Sami Parliamentary Council
ObserversBleunven, Jean-Luc, M.P., France
Hik, David, International Arctic Science Committee
Konráðsdóttir, Unnur Brá, West Nordic Council
Martin, Monique, Kluane First Nation
Phillips, Susan, Alaska Arctic Policy Commission
Sørensen, Torkil, Nordic Council
Tan, Chin Siong Sam, M.P., Singapore
Teverson, Robin, Chairman, United Kingdom House of Lords Select Committee on the Arctic
Diplomatic CorpsBroadbent, Peter, United States Consulate General, Vancouver, Canada
Corsaro, Francesco, Embassy of Italy in Canada
Gorguet, Ilde, Embassy of France in Canada
Heyman, Bruce, Ambassador of the Unites States to Canada
Martin Burgos, Juan Antonio, Embassy of Spain in Canada
Platt, Lynne, Consul General, United States Consulate General, Vancouver, Canada
Conference Secretariats and StaffAcharya, Lalita, Advisor, Canada
Bang, Arna, Advisor, Iceland
Brandt Olsen, Anne-Katrine, Denmark
Chang, Yuen Yi, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Singapore
Dankov, Nikolay, Counselor, Russia
Edwards, Isaac, Advisor, United States
Greni, Vibeke, Norway
Hjelm, Eva, Advisor, Sweden
Kuzmina, Irina, Secretary, Russia
Lindstrom, Guy, Deputy Director of International Department, Finland
Mangush, Kirill, Senior Counselor, Russia
Mansson, Ann-Louise, Sweden
Mantaha, Zainal Arif, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Singapore
Markussen, Inga Dora, Secretary General, West Nordic Council
Nguyen, Thai, Advisor, Canada
Pedersen, Peder Henrik, Advisor, Denmark
Ricard, Maxime, Secretary of the Canada-Europe Parliamentary Association
Robstad, Bjørn Willy, Secretary General, SCPAR
Smith, Matthew, Policy Analyst, United Kingdom House of Lords Select Committee on the Arctic
Williams, Tim, Advisor, Canada
