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China before Confucius
The “Yellow Emperor”Xia and Shang Dynasties
2070 B.C. - 1046 B.C.Zhou Dynasty
1046 B.C. - 256 B.C.“Spring and Autumn” period
770 B.C. - 476 B.C.
Confucius
Born in 551 B.C.died in 479 B.C.
Confucius' family and personal name respectively was Kong Qiu (孔丘 Kǒng Qiū). His courtesy name was Zhongni (仲尼 Zhòngní).
In Chinese, he is most often known as Kongzi (孔子 Kǒng Zǐ)
He is also known by the honorific Kong Fuzi (孔夫子 Kǒng Fūzǐ, literally "Master Kong").
His honorific name is "K'ung Fu-tzu".
The Latinized name "Confucius" is derived from "Kong Fuzi", and was first coined by 16th-century Jesuit missionaries to China,
China is divided, chaotic, unsafe during Confucius’ lifetime
Confucianism
Concerned primarily with restoring social stability and order What is the basis of a stable, unified,
and enduring social order?a system of social and ethical
philosophy “only when character is cultivated are
our families regulated; only when families are regulated are states well governed.”
Confucianism
li rituals, norms, institutions, or mores,
demonstrations of respect the outer, conforming aspect of
Confucianismren
humaneness, love, kindness, benevolence, or virtue
the inner, reforming aspect of Confucianism
Li
Rites, ceremonies, proper behavior, and good manner
performed in good faith, with everyone keeping to his or her proper role
universal harmonyno need for physical sanctions, laws,
or punishment
Ren
Relationship between "two persons”extension of filial piety to all human
beingseach role in the hierarchy of social
relations had clearly defined duties reciprocity or mutual responsibility
Five relationships
father-childruler-subjecthusband-wifeelder brother-younger brotherfriend-friend
Confucianism
Persecuted in Qin Dynasty 221 B.C. - 206 B.C.
promoted by later rulers
Confucianism
reinforced by the civil examination system “keju”: civil examination- the idea that
those who are worthy deserve to be in charge or have higher levels of authority.
from 605 to 1905
In today’s China