Connecting Our Stories

8/9/2019 Connecting Our Stories

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jdooh|nob dxvz|dvnhz



N rvd|h |`nz zkamm bvdxs z|xl~ az a ra~ d jdoohj|nob

xz |d |`h mnuhz d shdsmh no |`h Fnfmh r`d- lhzsn|h |`h bas d |`dxzaolz d ~havz- hpshvnhojhl aol z|vxbbmhl

rn|` kao~ d |`h zakh azshj|z d mnh az rh ld |dla~/ N

djxzhl do zhuhvam zshjnej |`hkhz9 lnzjnsmhz`ns- ixz|njh-

mhalhvz`ns- jdkkxon|~ aol knzzndo- aol nlho|n|~ aol

vdmhz rn|`no a an|` jdkkxon|~/ Haj` zhzzndo nojmxlhz

`nz|dvnjam aol fnfmnjam fajgbvdxol no dvlhv |d fh||hv

xolhvz|aol |`h jxm|xvam aol |hp|xam jdo|hp|z/ Bdl kh|

|`hzh nolnunlxamz r`hvh |`h~ rhvh- mhl |`hk- oxv|xvhl

|`hk- mduhl |`hk- aol bauh |`hk sxvsdzh/ N fhmnhuh

Bdl rao|z |d jdo|noxh |d ld zd rn|` xz |dla~/Xznob |`h sav|njxmav |`hkhz kho|ndohl afduh-

|`nz z|xl~ rnmm djxz do `dr |`hzh |`hkhz nksaj|hl

|`h nolnunlxamz aol jdkkxon|nhz noudmuhl no |`hzh

z|dvnhz- aol `dr |`hzh zakh |`hkhz svhzho| nzzxhz aol

jàmmhobhz vhmhuao| |d Bdl„z shdsmh |dla~/ \`h Fnfmh

nz emmhl rn|` id~- sano- zxhvnob- vhz|dva|ndo- zno-

vhlhks|ndo- zamua|ndo- aol `dsh/ K~ sva~hv nz |à| ~dx

rnmm eol nozsnva|ndo- shajh- aol sxvsdzh f~ jdoohj|nob

rn|` |`dzh r`d àuh bdoh fhdvh xz no dvlhv |d fh||hv

jdoohj| |d a Bdl no r`dk rh ”mnuh aol kduh aol àuh dxv fhnob‛ (Aj|z 12960./“Javma L~kho|- Asvnm 633>

Afdx| \`nz Z|xl~

\`z zkamm vdxs zxl~ doaoz uh zhzzdoz

ha` afdx 53+>3 koxhz o mho`/ N

z rvho d ammdr huhv~doh o `h vdxs d

savsah o mhalhvz`s/ \`h kahvam omxlhz

fd` a mhalhv svhs aol ao olulxam svhs zhdo/ Nammdrz zdkh ehpfm~ dv a vdxs d `ddzh h`hv

doh mhalhv d amah amm uh zhzzdoz dv zhuhvam

mhalhvz ha` amao a zhzzdo/ N z khao d fh a

zxl~ r`hvh rh mhavo aol lamdxh dh`hv/

Ha` zhzzdo doaoz ao Nolulxam

Svhsavado zhdo r`` omxlhz `zdvam aol

ffmam fagvdxol dv `h Zvsxvh aol `hkh7

a Mhalhv Svhsavado zhdo à z ao hphozdo

d `h Nolulxam Svhsavado- `hvhdvh `h mhalhv

d `h vdxs vhalz fd`7 aol a Bvdxs Zxl~ aolVhehdo zhdo r`` lvarz do `h Zvsxvh

aol fagvdxol dv lzxzzdo aol vhehdo/

\`h Bvdxs Zxl~ aol Vhehdo omxlhz

oam vhehdoz- a lzxzzdo zhdo r`

qxhzdoz afdx `h Zvsxvh aol z vhmahl `hkh-

aol a mdzo sva~hv/ Zdkh d `h zhzzdoz dhv a

zxhzhl svah d hoah o az a vdxs d ehz`

dx- o a svaam ra~- `h `hkhz d `h zxl~/

Zdkhkhz `h vdxs rmm fh mddgo xs zsh

Zvsxvh uhvzhz aol sazzahz d rdvg `vdx`qxhzdoz/ Zdkhkhz `h vdxs rmm fh vheho

dh`hv do rà huhv~doh àz amvhal~ vhal aol

zxlhl/ Huhv~ vdxs z xoqxh- aol `hvhdvh rmm

vhzsdol lhvhom~ d qxhzdoz aol vhehdoz/ N

~dx rao d agh `h ohp rhhg d duhv `h vhz d a

zhzzdo- ld ! Ld rà zhhkz v` dv ~dxv vdxs/

No|vdlxj|ndo

no|vdlxj|ndo nn




Nolnunlxam Svhsava|ndoKao~ J`vzaoz rdolhv rà `hv vdmh-

az a lzsmh d Ihzxz J`vz- z`dxml fh o

vhzsdolo d zzxhz d ixzh/ Zdkh d ~dx ka~ fh

do `z idxvoh~ amvhal~- r`mh d`hvz d ~dx ka~ fh

rdolhvo rà ixzh àz d ld r` lzsmhz`s/

Dho lzsmhz`s z `dx` d az mhavoo afdx

`h Ffmh- do d `xv`- aol lhmuo lhhshv od

~dxv a` `vdx` shvzdoam lhuddoz/ @drhuhv-

Ihzxz àmmhohz xz f~ ammo xz d ohvroh dxv

a` r` dxv ado/ Zdkhkhz dxv fxz~ muhzmhauh xz od vddk d dkfoh `h rd/ Rà ldhz

sxo doh„z a` od ado axamm~ mddg mgh4

Shvàsz ~dx àuh a lhzvh d kagh a lhvhoh

o `h rdvml- fx ixz ldo„ godr rà d ld/ Rh

avh kdvh odvkhl afdx aol fhhv doohhl

r` `dkhmhzzohzz- sduhv~- aol `xohv a `h

mdfam mhuhm ào a ao~ d`hv kh o `zdv~/ Rh

fhdkh aravh d hslhkz- oaxvam lzazhvz- aol

vhxhhz vzhz amkdz az zddo az `h~ dxv/ Rà

ldhz Bdl za~ afdx vhzsdolo d `h mdfam ohhlzd dxv `xkao dksaodoz r`d àuh od ddl-

aood zxssdv `hv akmhz- zvxmh xolhv vaam-

hdodk dv holhv dssvhzzdo- dv avh lzsmahl

vdk zah~4 Rà afdx `dzh mdzhv d `dkh r`d

zksm~ ohhl zdkh hpva avh dv vhzdxvhz4

No `z zhzzdo rh rmm mddg a `h mh d Kav~-

`h kd`hv d Ihzxz- dv ao hpaksmh d doh r`d od

dom~ vhdoyhl `h sddv aol dssvhzzhl fx r`d

raz amzd doh d `hk/ Rh rmm mddg a `hv idxvoh~az a rdkao d a` aol azg `h qxhzdoz9 @dr

ll `hv a` o Bdl odvk `hv mh„z lhzdoz4

Rà ll z`h xmkahm~ fhmhuh afdx `hv zdo- Ihzxz

J`vz- aol `z uzdo dv kago a lhvhoh o

`h rdvml“od ixz zsvxamm~- fx amzd s`~zamm~

aol zdamm~4 F~ mddgo a `hv zdv~- rh ao fho

d amg afdx ixzh zzxhz o dxv dro dohpz/ Rh

ao rdvg dh`hv dravlz vhzsdolo d `hk az

a`xm lzsmhz d Ihzxz J`vz/

@nz|dvnjam % Fnfmnjam Fajgbvdxol“Jdoznlhvnob Kav~„z Jdo|hp|

Kav~ muhl lxvo `h vz hoxv~ A/L/ o

`h dro d Oayavh`- o `h vhdo d Bammhh-

r`` raz vxmhl f~ Go @hvdl/ Huho `dx`

Go @hvdl raz Ihrz`- `h raz assdohl f~ `h

hkshvdv d Vdkh d vxmh `z avha/ Kav~- a Ihrz`

shazao- muhl lxvo `z kh d vha lzsav~

fhrhho `h v` aol `h sddv- `h sdrhvxm aol

`h dssvhzzhl/ \`z z~zhk d dssvhzzdo raz gh~

d Go @hvdl„z dovdm d `h vhdo/ Ao hpaksmh

d @hvdl„z dssvhzzuh vxhm~ z dxol o Ka`hr

691+10 r`ho `h Ka hmm `k d `h ”doh r`d àz

fhho fdvo ‐Go d `h Ihrz/„‛ @hvdl vhzsdolhl f~

1

Ixz|njh % Kav~ |`h Kd|`hv d Ihzxz

zhzzndo doh 1




dvlhvo a kazzavh d amm `mlvho xolhv `h ah

d rd muo o `h avha avdxol Fh`mh`hk/ Go

@hvdl aozrhvhl d `h hkshvdv- Jahzav Axxzxz/

Axxzxz raz dozlhvhl f~ zdkh Vdkaoz d fh

`h ”zdo d dl‛ fhaxzh `z aldshl a`hv- `h

akdxz Ixmxz Jahzav- àl fhho damm~ lhmavhla dl ahv `z azzazzoado o << FJ/ R`ho

Axxzxz aohl dovdm d `h hksvh- `h holhl

`h um ravz aol àdz fhxo ahv Ixmxz Jahzav„z

lha` aol fvdx` afdx `h shvdl godro az `h

sap Vdkaoa- ”`h shah d Vdkh/‛ Axxzxz raz

dozlhvhl d fh Vdkh„z ”zaudv-‛ aol `z vzh d

sdrhv raz dozlhvhl `h ”ddl ohrz‛ d Vdkh/

\`hvhdvh- r`ho Ihzxz zshagz d fvoo `h ”ddl

ohrz‛ aol havm~ J`vzaoz vhhv d `k az `h

”Zaudv-‛ `h~ avh axamm~ kago a sdmam aolzsvxam lzodo fhrhho Ihzxz aol `h vxmo

hkshvdv/

Kav~“A Rdkao Jdojhvohl rn|` Bdl„z

Ixz|njh

Rh vz khh Kav~ az a hhoahv- svdfafm~

zdkhr`hvh fhrhho `h ahz d 1:+15/ Z`h z

hoahl d Idzhs`- a vhmadoz`s dozlhvhl

f~ `h Ihrz` dkkxo~ d fh `h zakh az `h

dkkkho d kavvah/ \`hvhdvh- advlo

Ihrz` xmxvh- `h vham~ d Kav~ fho svhoao

dx d rhlmdg z a zhvdxz svdfmhk/ Z`h rdxml fh

mafhmhl ao alxmhvhzz aol zxfih d `h shoam~ d

zdoo dv `z zo (Lhxhvdodk~ 6696:+6<./ Kav~

raz aravh d `h sdzzfmh dozhqxhohz d ahso

Bdl„z amm d fhav `z `ml/ ^h lhzsh `h uhv~

vham sdzzfm~ à z`h dxml fh ludvhl f~ Idzhs`-

dzvayhl f~ `hv dkkxo~- dv huho zdohl d

lha`- z`h dxvahdxzm~ ahsz Bdl„z amm d fhav

Ihzxz- `h Khzza`/ Az Kav~ lhmavhz d `h aohm

Bafvhm o Mxgh 19:0- ”Ka~ fh d kh advlo d

~dxv rdvl/‛

Az a Ihr- Kav~ z amzd xmm~ aravh d `h

svdkzh aol `dsh d `h Khzza` az Bdl„z lhmuhvhv

aol svdkzhl Zaudv/ Ahv `havo `h aohm

Bafvhm„z svdodxohkho à z`h rdxml fh `h

doh d fhav ”`h @dm~ Doh- `h Zdo d Bdl-‛ z`h

`xvvhz d zàvh `z ddl ohrz r` `hv dxzo-

Hmyafh`/ Kav~ xolhvzaolz Bdl„z ado o `hv

rdkf d fh `h zamuado svdkzhl dv `hv shdsmh-

a shdsmh r`d avh dssvhzzhl xolhv Vdkao vxmh/ No

`hv Zdo- `h Kaoa- Kav~ svazhz Bdl dv

`z ado/ \`vdx` `hv `~ko d svazh rh h amkszh od Kav~„z `hav9 `hv sazzdo- `hv a`-

`hv valdo aol `hv `dsh/ N z a rhmm+godro

zdo- fx z zoaoh az a `dshxm hmhfvado d

zdam àoh z dho kzzhl/ Kav~ z aravh d `h

`zdv~ d `hv shdsmh aol `h zdvhz d `dr Bdl

ahl do `hv fhàm `vdx` huhoz zx` az `h

Hpdlxz vdk H~s/ Kav~„z zdo- hzshamm~- h`dhz

à d @aooa`- `h kd`hv d `h svds`h Zakxhm-

o 1 Zakxhm àshv 6/ @aooa` raz a rdkao r`d

hpshvhohl `h aoxz` d a favvho rdkf/ @hvsva~hvz aol havz- `drhuhv- rhvh `havl f~ Bdl aol

z`h raz uho `h d a zdo/ @aooa`„z `~ko z

a zdo d vxks` fhaxzh d Bdl„z aozrhv d `hv

sva~hvz aol ao hpshado à Bdl„z rmm rdxml

fh ldoh o `h rdvml/ Kav~„z zdo z a v~ d zkmav

hpshado aol svazh hpsvhzzhl o `h vxksào

`dsh d a Khzza` dko d vhzxh Bdl„z shdsmh

doh aao/ Z`h xolhvzaolz à `z `ml- r`d

z d fh oakhl Ihzxz- rmm fh a xv`hv hphozdo d

Bdl„z ado/

Zjvns|xvh

Vhal Mxgh 1965+85 (r` zsham ahodo d

uhvzhz <5+88./

Svhsava|ndo % Vhzdxvjhz dvZkamm Bvdxs Mhalhvz

Kav~“A Rdkao Jdojhvohl rn|` Bdl„z

Ixz|njh- Sav| Doh

\`h ixzh ammhl dv o Kav~„z Zdo aol o

Bdl„z Rdvl z oh`hv `h ixzh d vhuhoh odv

`h ixzh d sxoz`kho/ N z a ”amm d ado‛9

`h ixzh r`` v`z rvdoz7 `h ixzh moghl

d a a`xm mh d dmmdro Bdl/ Kav~ vhr xs

`havo aol mhavoo afdx `h `zdv~ d `hv shdsmh

aol Bdl„z amm dv ixzh o `h Zvsxvhz r``

zhzzndo doh 6



z`h zàvhz o `h `hkhz d `hv zdo/

No Ka` 591+0- `h svds`h ammz `h shdsmh

d ”ld ixzh/‛ Ldo ixzh- advlo d Ka`

aol `h r`dmh d zvsxvh- khaoz fho auh o

vhzdvo zxadoz- shdsmh- aol dkkxohz aol

rdvgo d àoh `h zvxxvhz à shvshxahoixzh/ Svds`hz mgh Ka` akh ldro àvl do

`h shdsmh d Nzvahm r`d hoahl o `h vhmdxz

svahz d rdvz`sso Bdl r` azo-

zavhz- hzuamz- aol `dm~ la~z- fx amhl d

zhh aol khh `h ohhlz d `h sddv aol fvdgho

fvd`hvz aol zzhvz avdxol `hk/ Bdl z lzxzhl

r` rdvz`s à ohmhz `h sddv/ Rdvz`sso

Bdl z kdvh ào khvh vhmdxz dfzhvuaoh aol

ao al`hvhoh d savxmav vxmhz aol vxamz7 z

mduo d`hvz/ Bdl z dohvohl r` ixzh à zxmkahm~ moghl r` zàmdk- a @hfvhr rdvl à

vhsvhzhoz `h shah- àvkdo~ aol xo~ r` amm

òz aol amm shdsmh/ No zhhgo `z gol d ixzh-

J`vzaoz zhhg d ahol d- aol aludah dv- `h

ohhlz aol v`z d amm shdsmh az rhmm az rdvgo

dravl lhuhmdso `h zdam ohrdvgz aol

ozxdoz à dzhv `z mh/ \`h dam z od `h

vhado d a J`vzao duhvokho/ Va`hv- `h dam

z à d mduo dxv oh`fdv `vdx` ado7 d

àuo a kzzdo à omxlhz hhlo `h `xov~-

svdulo dv dv savohvo r` `hamo kozvhz-

kago zsah dv `h `dkhmhzz- aol avo dv `h

dvsàoz aol `h `hmsmhzz/

\`z gol d ixzh vhqxvhz a kx` fvdalhv

dozlhvado ào ao fh àolmhl o a zomh

zhzzdo dv huho a zomh zxl~/ \`hvhdvh- dv `h

sxvsdzh d `z zxl~- dxz ~dxv ahodo do Bdl„z

`hav dv `hmso d`hvz/ @dr k` ~dx agh

zkamm zhsz- huho o ~dxv dro dkkxohz- v`

odr4 @dr ld `hzh auhz `hms dooh ~dx

r` rdvz`sso Bdl aol fho a lzsmh d Ihzxz

J`vz4

Kav~“A Lnzjnsmh d Ihzxz J`vnz|- Sav| \rd

Kav~ raz a hovam sav d Ihzxz„ kozv~-

huho `dx` z`h z od khodohl uhv~ dho/ R`ho

rh mddg kdvh mdzhm~- rh ol `hv oudmuhl r`

Ihzxz vdk `h fhooo- xs xom `h azhozdo-

aol oudmuhl o `h rdvg d `h lzsmhz ahv

Shohdz/ Kav~„z a`xm hpaksmh az a kd`hv ka~

àuh lhzuhm~ oexhohl Ihzxz„ mahv kozv~/ Edv

hpaksmh- `hvh avh zkmav `hkhz o fd` Kav~„z

Zdo aol o Mxgh <91<+:3- r`hvh Ihzxz zhz `hdoh dv `z kozv~/ Ihzxz qxdhz sazzahz vdk

Nzaa`9 d svdmak ddl ohrz d `h sddv7 d zh

svzdohvz vhh7 d uh z` d `h fmol7 d vhmhazh

`h dssvhzzhl (Nzaa` 5191+6- 8095.7 aol lhmavhz à

`h rmm xmmm `hk/ Ihzxz `ho svdhhlz d ld `z

aol kx` kdvh9 `h `hamz `h zg- hhlz `h `xov~-

uhz ahodo d `h sddv- `h kavoamyhl- `h

zoohvz- `h ldroaz- zàhvz zdam fdxolavhz f~

dxò `h lhal aol `dzh dozlhvhl ”xomhao-‛

haz r` ap dmmhdvz aol zoohvz- aol zaolzxs dv rdkho uo `hk a udh amdo r` a

vhdodo aol vhzsh `h~ dho ll od vhhuh

rò `hv xmxvam dohp/ Ihzxz mddghl od

shdsmh„z h~hz aol agodrmhlhl `hv `xkao~

aol `hv s`~zam aol zsvxam ohhlz/ @h vhfxghl

`h vhmdxz aol sdmam mhalhvz dv `hv oixzh-

dvvxsdo aol ravshl xolhvzaolo d `dmohzz/

N z ksdvao d vhamyh à Ihzxz ll od

adksmz` amm `z f~ `kzhm/ @h ax` `z

lzsmhz f~ hpaksmh aol- ahv `z vhzxvvhdo-

àvhl `hk d d dx od `h rdvml aol dooxh

`z Goldk rdvg/ \`z zhzzdo àvhz xz d

d aol ld mghrzh/ Uhro `z `vdx` Kav~„z

h~hz ammdrz xz d zhh `hv idxvoh~ az a svdhzz aol

agh `dsh à dxv dro idxvoh~z rmm fh a svdhzz

dravl `h dooxado d J`vz„z goldk/

Bvdxs Z|xl~ % Vhehj|ndoz

^dx ka~ rao d zav r` qxhzdoz

dv vhehdoz à avzh vdk `h Nolulxam

Svhsavado/ N zdkh vdxs khkfhvz àuh od vhal

~h- ammdr zdkh kh dv `hk d ld zd (omxlo

Zvsxvh sazzahz./ Shvàsz huho vhal amdxl

dh`hv- ago xvoz/

zhzzndo doh :



Non|nam Vhehj|ndoz

1. Rà àz ~dxv a` valdo ax` afdx Kav~

az a ffmam xvh4 @auh ~dx huhv dozlhvhl

`hv az a kdlhm d a`4 R`~ dv r`~ od4

6. Rà ld ~dx òg lzsmhz`s muhl dx mddgz

mgh- aol r`hvh ld ~dx ol hpaksmhz (`xv`-

akm~- khodvz- d`hv.4

:. Rà dkhz d kol r`ho ~dx `hav `h rdvl

”ixzh‛4 Rà doodadoz avh azzdahl r`

dxv xmxvh„z xolhvzaolo d ixzh4

Lnzjxzzndo“Kav~- a rdkao jdojhvohl rn|`

ixz|njh

1. Vhal Mxgh 19<5+88 (Kav~„z Zdo- `h Kaoa.

dx mdxl dh`hv/ Rà avh `h `hkhz d `h

Zdo4 Rà z z`h za~o4

6. Rà doohdoz ld ~dx ol fhrhho `hzh

Dml \hzakho sazzahz aol Kav~„z Zdo (Nzaa`

1916+63- Nzaa` 1191+11- Nzaa` 80- Lhxhvdodk~

1892+11- Mhuxz 1>9>+13- aol Ka` 591+0.4

Rà d`hv `hkhz avh svhzho o `hzh sazzahz4

:. Rà ld rh mhavo o `h Mxgh sazzah afdx

Bdl aol `dr Bdl hpshz shdsmh d muh

a`xmm~4

<. \òg afdx ~dxv dkkxo~- afdx ~dxv dro

dohp/ R`d avh ”`h dvsàoz aol rldrz-‛ `h

sddv- ldrovdllho- kavoamyhl- `dzh r`d

aood hol dv `hkzhmuhz dv ld od àuh fazvhzdxvhz4 Ld ao~ ahz dkh d kol4 Rà

vhzdxvhz ld ~dx àuh shvzdoamm~- az a vdxs- dv

az a `xv` dkkxo~- à ~dx k` dhv

`hzh shdsmh4 Lzxzz ra~z o r`` ~dxv zkamm

vdxs$Ffmh zxl~ ao sx ~dxv a` od ado-

zhvuo dh`hv/ @dr ld `hzh auhz `hms

dooh ~dx r` rdvz`sso Bdl aol fho a

lzsmh d Ihzxz4

zhzzndo doh <



8. Vhal aol dksavh Kav~„z Zdo d d`hvz9

@aooa`- 1 Zakxhm 691+137 Kdzhz- Hpdlxz 1891+

107 Kvak- Hpdlxz 1891>+617 Lhfdva`- Ixlhz

891+:1/ \agh zdkh kh dh`hv d agodrmhlh

`dr Bdl àz fhho rdvgo o ~dxv dro mh- o

~dxv dro `zdv~/

Sva~hv

”Bdl- rh àuh mhavohl |à| ~dx javh afdx| |`h sddv aol rh rao| |d `hms/ Rh azg ~dx |d bxnlh xz az

rh zhhg ra~z |d `hms |`h shdsmh no dxv jdkkxon|~

r`d ohhl hp|va javh aol azznz|aojh/ @hms xz |d fxnml

vhma|ndoz`nsz rn|` |`hk/ @hms xz amzd |d lhuhmds

sav|ohvz`nsz rn|` d|`hvz r`d avh rdvgnob |d `hms |`h

sddv aol ohbmhj|hl akdob xz/ Akho/‛

Svaj|njh

Kao~ shdsmh zvxmh r` faz ohhlz mgh

ddl- mdò aol z`hmhv/ Udmxohhv dh`hv a a

zdxs g`ho- mdò dv ddl faog- dv z`hmhv o

~dxv dkkxo~/ \`h~ ka~ fh dshvahl f~ aod`hv

`xv` dv svuah dvaoyado/ N zdkhò mgh

`z ldhz od hpz o ~dxv kkhlah avha- doa

`h mdam sxfm z`ddm aol amg r` `h dxozhmdv

dv zhvhav~/ Azg `h~ godr d akmhz dv r`dk

~dx dxml svdulh a rhhg„z rdv` d vdhvhz-

z`ddm zxssmhz- dv ohr z`dhz aol md`hz/

zhzzndo doh 8



Nolnunlxam Svhsava|ndoMhalhvz`s àmmhohz ao fh dxol r`hvhuhv

`hvh avh shdsmh ohvao aol hoao

r` doh aod`hv“vdk `xv`hz d dvsdvadoz

d vhzaxvaoz d hlxadoam ozxdoz/ Rh muh

o a xmxvh à z vdro kdvh luhvzh huhv~ la~

~h z kdvh doohhl ào huhv fhdvh/ \`z khaoz

rh avh dko dh`hv r` huho kdvh luhvzh

fagvdxolz- ra~z d ògo- shvzshuhz- aol

lhaz d muo- lvhako- dmmdro- aol mhalo/

No `z zhzzdo rh rmm mddg a Lhfdva`-svds`h aol ixlh d Nzvahm- d zhh `dr z`h muhz

dx sdzuh azshz d mhalhvz`s à ao fh

assmhl d dxv dro dohpz/ Rh„mm mddg a r`d z`h

z adxoafmh d aol rà `hv dohvoz avh az a

mhalhv d `h shdsmh d Nzvahm/ Az ~dx vhal `vdx`

Lhfdva`„z zdv~- òg afdx `h àvahvzz

à lhoh a ddl mhalhv/ Ra` dv `h àmmhohz

Lhfdva` ahz o `hv zxado/

@nz|dvnjam % Fnfmnjam Fajgbvdxol“Jdoznlhvnob Lhfdva`„z Jdo|hp|

Nzvahm„z xoan|`xmohzz

No dvlhv d xolhvzaol Lhfdva`- doh kxz

mddg a `h r`dmh fddg d Ixlhz/ \`hvh z a ~m

sahvo d `h fddg d Ixlhz à sma~z dx duhv

aol duhv aao9 Nzvahm ldhz hum- Bdl zholz zdkhdohd doqxhv `hk- `h~ v~ dx d Bdl dv `hms- Bdl

zholz a lhmuhvhv d vhzxh `hk vdk dssvhzzdo-

aol `h~ hoid~ shah aol vhz lxvo `h shvdl

d à ixlh$mhalhv/ @dr ll `z zxado dkh

afdx4

\`h fddg d Ixlhz kxz fh vhal o z

`zdvam dohp- az rhmm az z smahkho rò

`h fddgz d `h Dml \hzakho/ Ahv `h

Hpdlxz vdk H~s- `h Nzvahmhz fhao `hv

idxvoh~ fd` zsvxamm~ aol s`~zamm~ od avhahv xolhvzaolo d rà khao d fh o a

duhoao vhmadoz`s r` Bdl- `hv Zaudv aol

Lhmuhvhv/ \`h~ àl amvhal~ fhho `dzho fhaxzh d

Afvaàk„z a`xmohzz aol vhlhhkhl dx d zmauhv~

o `h zdv~ d Hpdlxz/ Bdl auh `h Nzvahmhz

zsh marz à mal dx `h ra~z o r`` `h~

rhvh d muh dh`hv o a a`xm dkkxo~ aol-

kdz zoaom~- ozvxdoz do `dr `h~ rhvh d

`dodv Bdl/ \`h kdz ksdvao dkkaolkhoz

Bdl auh rhvh `dzh ozvxo `hk d za~a`xm d `hv Bdl aol d vhvao afzdmxhm~ vdk

rdvz`sso `h dlz d d`hv oadoz/ Huhv zoh

Bdl„z vz ohvado r` Afvaàk- r`ho Bdl

svdkzhl d kagh Afvaàk aol `z rh Zava` `h

savhoz d ao hovh oado- Bdl„z smao àl fhho

d fvo `h Nzvahmhz d a smah d `hv dro- `h

Svdkzhl Maol- ”a maol edro r` kmg aol

6

Mhalhvz`ns % Lhfdva`

zhzzndo |rd 5




`doh~/‛

\`h fddg d Idz`xa hmmz `h zdv~ d `h

Nzvahmhz„ hov~ od `h Svdkzhl Maol ahv

raolhvo o `h lhzhv dv dv~ ~havz/ Rh mhavo

o Ixlhz- `drhuhv- à `hv ”doqxhz‛ raz od

hovhm~ dksmhh/ Ahv Idz`xa aol `z hohvadolhl- `h Nzvahmhz dvd `hv `zdv~ aol fhao

d dvzagh Bdl/ (R`ho `h hp za~z à Nzvahm

”ldhz hum-‛ z vhhvvo d `hv ldmav~ r``

lz`dodvhl `h uhv~ Bdl r`d àl ldoh zd kx`

dv `hk/. Bdl hzz `hk f~ ammdro `hk d fh

aaghl aol dssvhzzhl f~ uavdxz shdsmhz o dvlhv

d h `hv ahodo aol xvo `hk fag dravlz a

a`xm duhoaoam vhmadoz`s/

\`hzh zdvhz o Ixlhz avh o `h Ffmh

d z`dr rà àsshoz r`ho Bdl„z shdsmh ldod `dodv Bdl/ \`h Nzvahmhz rhvh `dzho-

àl dkkhl `hkzhmuhz- aol `hvhdvh àl a

vhzsdozfm~ d fhmdoo d Bdl aol ao mgh

/ @hvh rh ra` `hv ldroravl zsvam xom

oamm~ ò vdg fddk f~ `h hol d Ixlhz/

Vhlhksdo aol `dsh fho d asshav o Vx` aol

1 Zakxhm az Nzvahm fhoz d vhfdxol aol kduh

dravl a kdoav`~/ \`h fddg d Ixlhz- drhuhv-

hmmz d a shvdl o Nzvahmh `zdv~ r`hvh `h~ àl

fddkhl dx kdvamm~- vhmdxzm~- aol zdamm~/ \`h

maz uhvzh d Ixlhz olahz à f~ `h hol `hvh

rhvh od mdohv ao~ ixlhz aol ”o `dzh la~z Nzvahm

àl od go7 huhv~doh ll az `h~ zar /‛ \`z ll

od khao à `h~ rhvh zhm+duhvoo/ N khao

à od doh raz muo advlo d ao~ gol d

kdvam zaolavl/ (Zhh Ixlhz 695+:957 63961/.

Lhfdva`„z mhalhvz`ns

Lhfdva`„z zdv~ z dxol dravl `h

fhooo d `h fddg d Ixlhz/ Nzvahm àl doh

aao dvzagho Bdl aol ammho xolhv `h sdrhv

d Iafo- go d Jaoaao/ Zzhva dkkaolhl `h

avkhz d Jaoaao dv Iafo r`` rh mhavo rhvh

kx` kdvh hòamm~ aluaohl ào `h avkhz d

Nzvahm fhaxzh `h~ àl àvdz aol `h godrmhlh

aol zgmm ohhzzav~ d az`do vdo od rhasdoz d

rav/ \`h shdsmh rhvh vxhmm~ dssvhzzhl f~ Iafo-

aol `h~ vhl dx d Bdl dv `hms/ Bdl aozrhvhl

`hv v~ `vdx` `h shvzdo d Lhfdva`/

Lhfdva` raz a xoqxh mhalhv o `hv dohp

dv zhuhvam vhazdoz/ Z`h raz amvhal~ zhvuo

`h shdsmh az Bdl„z svds`h- ao az Bdl„z

kdx`shh aol khladv r` `h shdsmh/ Lhfdva`za r` `hk- mzhohl d `hk- aol zsdgh Bdl„z

vx` od `hv muhz/ Bdl lhlhl d rhag

`hv vdmh o vhzsdozh d `h Nzvahmhz„ ohhl/ No

Lhfdva`„z dohp- vhmdxz aol sdmam damz rhvh

ohvrohl/ \`hvhdvh- az svds`h aol odr ixlh-

Bdl xzhl Lhfdva` az `h aam~z dv lhmuhvo

Nzvahm vdk ~h aod`hv zh d dssvhzzdvz/

Zhdol- r`mh rdkho svds`hz rhvh

axamm~ od vavh `vdx`dx Nzvahm„z `zdv~ d

mhalhvz`s- Lhfdva` raz zmm qxh hpvadvloav~/Z`h raz xoqxh fhaxzh od d`hv rdkao svds`h

z zshamm~ lhzvfhl az fd` `h kdx`shh

d Bdl aol az vholhvo ixlkhoz az `h zdmh

khladv fhrhho `h Nzvahmhz aol Bdl- az rhmm az

fhrhho `h Nzvahmhz `hkzhmuhz/ Lhfdva`„z vdmh

raz zkmav d à d Kdzhz dv ao~ d`hv d `h

mhalhvz lxvo `z kh/

\`vl- Lhfdva` raz ammhl f~ Bdl d fh

lvhm~ oudmuhl o `h lhmuhvaoh d `h r`dmh

oado o a kmav~ ra~/ \`h hp ldhz od lhzvfh

`hv az axamm~ mhalo `h famh“z`h hksmd~z

Favag d ld zd“fx z`h ll adksao~ `k od

`h famhhml- a `z vhqxhz- aol raz `h doh r`d

ammhl `h uavdxz vfhz dh`hv/

Lhfdva` raz zdkhrà xoqxh o `h ra~

z`h xodohl- dksavhl d `h d`hv ixlhz

dxol `vdx`dx `h fddg d Ixlhz/ Z`h raz

amvhal~ o Bdl„z zhvuh az a svds`h r`ho ammhl/

\`h kho fhdvh aol ahv `hv rhvh dho vazhl xs

zshamm~ az kmav~ mhalhvz- va`hv ào fho

ammhl d a zsh svds`h dv ixlo vdmh/ N kxz

fh zal- `drhuhv- à huho `hzh kmav~ mhalhvz

zdkhkhz ahl az svds`hz aol ixlhz lxvo

`hv mhkhz/

Zjvns|xvh

Vhal Ixlhz <+8/

zhzzndo |rd 2




Lhfdva`“A Vhmnbndxz aol Sdmn|njam Mhalhv

Lhfdva`„z mhalhvz`s lhkdozvahz `hv

hoxoh avh d shdsmh- adxoafm~ d Bdl o `hv

sdzdo- aol `h ra~z z`h hksdrhvz aol omxlhz

d`hvz/ Lhfdva` `havl `h vhz d `h shdsmh aol

vhzsdolhl/ \`h shdsmh zdx` `hv az `hv khladv

d Bdl- aol `hvhdvh z`h `havz `hv vhz (Ixlhz

<9:+<./ @hv `hav raz r` `h mhalhvz d `h vddsz

aol `h udmxohhvz (Ixlhz 892+>./ Z`h auh vhl d

Bdl az `h zdmh lhmuhvhv aol zaudv- `h kao adv

aol xmkah udv d `h hovh famh aol svdhzz

d lhmuhvaoh (Ixlhz <91<7 89:+8- :1./ Z`h svazhl

Bdl dv rdvgo `vdx` `hv- d`hv vfam mhalhvz-

aol huho `vdx` `h sdrhv d oaxvh- d zhxvh

`h lhmuhvaoh d `h Nzvahmhz/ Lhfdva` ll od

vhmz` `hv sdzdo duhv `h shdsmh dv `hv mhalhvz fx

zxssdvz `dzh xolhv `hv/ Z`h hzshamm~ hodxvahl

Favag zd à `h rdxml od am- zoh Bdl àz

amvhal~ lhmavhl à `h rdxml lhha Zzhva„z

avkhz/ Favag vhqxhzz à z`h adksao~ `k od

famh- od az a zo d `z rhagohzz- fx az a zo d

Bdl„z azzxvaoh à Bdl z r` `hk/ Lhfdva`

vhsvhzhohl Bdl d Favag/6 @drhuhv- zoh Favag

raoz `z hpva azzxvaoh- Lhfdva` svds`hzhl à

Iahm- a dvhohv aol shazao- rdxml axamm~ h `h

mdv~ dv lhhao `h k`~ dkkaolhv- Zzhva

(Ixlhz <9>./

Az a vhzxm- rh khh ~h aod`hv sav d

Lhfdva`„z hak- Iahm/ Iahm raz `h rh d @hfhv- a

Ghoh- r`d raz md~am d Iafo- `h go d Jaoaao/

Iahm- `drhuhv- àz md~amhz d `hv dro aol dv

vhazdoz `h hp ldhz od vhuham- z`h ddg ado

do fhàm d `h shdsmh d Nzvahm lhzsh fho advhohv (Ixlhz <911- 12+6:7 896<+62./ @hv oakh

khaoz ”â`rh` z Bdl-‛ aol z`h akh d `h al

d Nzvahm o z `dxv d ohhl/ No dovaz d Zzhva- a

vd~am dkkaolhv d avkhz muo o `h samahz d

Jaoaao- Iahm raz a shazao rdkao muo o a ho/

Iahm„z savsado hksàzyhz à- r`

Bdl„z `hms- `h rhag ao duhvdkh `h zvdo-

ixz az `h Nzvahmhz- r` Bdl„z `hms- duhvakh a

mhavm~ zxshvdv dssdoho/ @hv ohpsmafmh ado

az a dvhohv sdoz d Bdl„z omxzdo d amm shdsmh

o `h luoh smao d vhlhksdo aol zamuado

dooxdxzm~ vhuhamhl `vdx`dx `zdv~/ No `hvZdo- Lhfdva` svazhl Iahm- uo vhdodo

aol `dodv d Iahm„z dxvah aol vhzdxvhxmohzz/

Lhfdva` holhl `hv Zdo r` svazh dv `h

ra~ Bdl aol `z shdsmh savohvhl dh`hv-

hksàzyo `h ddl à dkhz vdk mduo aol

`dodvo Bdl/

Lhfdva`“@hv Zdob d Svanzh

No `hv Zdo- Lhfdva` lhzvfhz `hvzhm az ”a

kd`hv o Nzvahm‛ (Ixlhz 892./ \`h hp ldhz od hmmxz r`h`hv dv od Lhfdva` axamm~ z a kd`hv o

`h fdmdam zhozh/ No ao~ azh- Lhfdva` hvaom~

hkfdlhz `h rzldk d a ddl kd`hv o `hv vdmhz

az svds`h aol ixlh- hzshamm~ `vdx` lhmuhvo

`h shdsmh vdk `h Jaoaaohz/

\`hvh z aod`hv azsh d dozlhv“`h

dovaz o `h Zdo fhrhho `h kah aol

khas`dv d ”kd`hv/‛ No lhzvfo `hvzhm az a

”kd`hv o Nzvahm-‛ Lhfdva` smahz `h qxamhz aol

àvahvzz d `hv mhalhvz`s o zàvs dovaz

d `h d`hv kd`hv o `h Zdo- `h kd`hv d

Zzhva/ Zzhva„z kd`hv raz dv `k d dkh `dkh-

fvoo r` `k amm `h zsdmz d rav/ \`z zhdol

kd`hvm~ àvahv z svhzhohl az `h dssdzh d

Lhfdva`- `h ”kd`hv o Nzvahm/‛ Zzhva„z kd`hv àz

od auh vhzsdozfm~ dv `h sdmam zxado/

Z`h z`drz od dohvo dv- dv zdmlav~ r`- `h

muhz d d`hv shdsmh/ Z`h z sdvva~hl az sazzuh az

z`h raz amdoh o `hv samah- lzdoohhl vdk

`dzh z`h vxmhz/ @hv dohvo z dv `hv zdo aol

dv `h vhravlz à rmm avxh d `hv az a vhzxm

d `z ravz/ F~ dovaz- `h vz sav d `h Zdo

lhzvfhz Lhfdva`„z dohvo dv `hv shdsmh- `hv

savohvz`s r` `hk- aol `hv ddshvado aol

zdmlav~ r` Bdl- r` Favag- r` `h mhalhvz d

ha` vfh- aol r` Iahm/

Rh aood godr dv zxvh `h dvoam oho

zhzzndo |rd 0



d `h s`vazh ”kd`hv o Nzvahm-‛ fx rh ao vheh

do `dr `h hpsvhzzdo z xzhl aol `dr xodoz

o `h Zdo/ Lhfdva` z `h aho `vdx` r`dk

â rh`- `h Bdl d Nzvahm- hpsvhzzhz svdhuh avh

duhv `h shdsmh lxvo a zvhzzxm aol fhrmlhvo

shvdl/: Zoh rh ld od godr Lhfdva` zaxamm~ a ”kd`hv‛ o `h mhvam zhozh- `h hvk

xodoz kdvh az a khas`dv dv a a`xm- rzh-

zvdo- avo- vhzdxvhxm- aol svdhuh mhalhv

`dzho d oah `h lhmuhvaoh d Bdl„z `mlvho/

\`hzh àvahvzz avh zkmav d `dzh d Bdl- dv

Lhfdva` z kalh o Bdl„z kah az avh amm rdkho

aol kho/ \`h khas`dv fvoz dh`hv `hzh

àvahvzz o dvlhv d dkkxoah `h uavdxz

qxamhz d Lhfdva` az a mhalhv- svds`h- aol ixlh-

aol d dkkxoah `h qxamhz d Bdl„z àvahvaz rhmm/ Kho aol rdkho avh dho lhohl f~

`hv holhv- sdzzhzzo hvao àvahvzz à

aood fh zàvhl dv avh kdvh uamxhl az ”kazxmoh‛

uhvzxz ”hkooh/‛ Lhfdva`„z àvahv fmholz

`hzh àvahvzz dh`hv o sdzuh ra~z az a

vhehdo d `h xmmohzz d Bdl„z àvahv/


^dx ka~ rao d zav r` qxhzdoz

dv vhehdoz à avzh vdk `h Nolulxam

Svhsavado/ N zdkh vdxs khkfhvz àuh od ~h

vhal - ammdr 8+13 koxhz dv `hk d ld zd/ \`ho

vhal `vdx` zdkh dv amm d `h Zvsxvh sazzahz

dh`hv- az kh ammdrz/

Non|nam Vhehj|ndoz

1. @auh ~dx `havl d Lhfdva` fhdvh4 N zd- r`ho

aol rà ll ~dx mhavo afdx `hv4

6. Rà àvahvzz ld ~dx òg lhoh a ddl

mhalhv4

Lnzjxzzndo“Lhfdva`„z mhalhvz`ns

1. No rà ra~z ldhz Lhfdva` a az a mhalhv4 (Zhh

Ixlhz <9:+2- >+13- 1<7 892- 1:/./ Rà avh zdkh

zsh àmmhohz à Lhfdva` ahz4 (Zhh

Ixlhz <95+>7 892+>- 1:+10- 1>/.

6. Az Bdl„z vhsvhzhoauh- rà ld rh mhavo afdx

Bdl„z àvahv `vdx` Lhfdva`„z vdmh aol

`hv adoz4 Jdksavh r` Ihzxz„ haòz do

mhalhvz`s aol ax`dv~ f~ vhalo Idò 1:91+12aol Kavg 139:8+<</

:. Rà àmmhohz avh ~dx ao dla~ o ~dxv

rdvg- z`ddm dv `dkh zho4 @dr ld ~dxòg Bdl ao xzh ~dx az a mhalhv o `hzh

uavdxz zhoz4

zhzzndo |rd >



Lnzjxzzndo“Lhfdva`„z Zdob d Svanzh

1. Lhfdva` lhzvfhz `hvzhm az ”A Kd`hv o

Nzvahm‛ (Ixlhz 892./ Zoh rh ld od godr

Lhfdva` axamm~ àl a akm~ (Ixlhz <9<.- rà

ld ~dx òg Lhfdva` z za~o afdx `hvzhm

r`ho z`h xzhz `h hvk ”kd`hv‛4 Jdozlhv `h

dovaz d `h d`hv kd`hv khodohl o `h

Zdo (Ixlhz 8960+:3./

6. @dr ldhz Iahm od `z zdv~- mddgo amzd a

Lhfdva`„z svazh d `hv o `hv Zdo4 Rà z

Iahm„z vdmh4 Rà ld ~dx òg `hv savsado

khaoz4 (Zhh Ixlhz <9>- 11- 12+6:7 896<+62/.

:. No hvkz d mhalhvz`s- ldhz Lhfdva`„z zdv~ aol$

dv `h xodo d `h khas`dv ”a kd`hv o

Nzvahm‛ ah ~dxv `dx`z afdx holhv4 Avh

`hvh d`hv àvahvzz ~dx rdxml odvkamm~

azzdah az hkooh dv kazxmoh4 Rà avh

`h~ aol r`hvh ld ~dx òg `dzh azzdadoz

dkh vdk4

<. Rà z `h vhmhuaoh d Lhfdva`„z mh aol

hpaksmh o lzxzzdoz dohvoo rdkho o

kozv~4 Ldhz Lhfdva`„z vdmh az a ixlh aol

mhalhv d kho ah dxv ògo do `z zxfih4

8. R`mh Lhfdva`„z dohp d muo ao ohvahl

vdmh d vhmdxz aol sdmam aholaz z xoqxh-

rà ao rh mhavo vdk `hv a`xmohzz d Bdl

rò a sdmam dohp4 (Edv ozaoh9 rh muh

o a dxov~ o r`` `h mohz fhrhho J`xvàol Zah zhhk mhavm~ lhohl/ @drhuhv- z `z

vhamm~ `h azh4 Lzxzz ra~z o r`` vhmdxz

aol sdmam aholaz khvh dv luhvh o dxv

Akhvao dohp/.

Sva~hv

Bdl- ~dx jammhl Lhfdva` |d zhvuh `hv shdsmh- fx|

~dx amzd hqxnsshl `hv |d ld rà| ~dx azghl/ Rh bnuh

~dx |àogz dv ~dxv lhznvh |d àuh xz az sav|ohvz no

ldnob ~dxv bddl rdvgz do hav|`- aol rh avh bva|hxm

|à| ~dx ld od| azg xz |d ld n| amdoh/ Rh azg dv jdxvabh

|d khh| mnh„z jàmmhobhz/ Rh godr |à| ~dx avh fhznlh

xz |`vdxb` huhv~|`nob/ Akho/

zhzzndo |rd 13



Svaj|njh

\`hvh avh zhazdoz d mhalhvz`s/ A khz ~dx

ka~ fh ammhl xsdo d vzh xs d ld zdkhò o

savxmav/ A d`hv khz fho a mhalhv z ldo

rà ka~ zhhk mdrm~ o dvlhv d zhvuh d`hvz/ Az a

vdxs- `ddzh a savg- oaxvh vam- zvh` d fha`

dv vdalzlh- aol sg xs `h vaz` à àz dmmhhl

`hvh/

zhzzndo |rd 11



Nolnunlxam Svhsava|ndoBdl zal- ‐mh xz kagh `xkao fhoz- kamh aol

hkamh- o dxv kah-‛ (Bhohzz 1965./ Fho

kalh o Bdl„z kah khaoz- o sav- fho kalh

dv dkkxo~/ Rh avh kalh d `vuh dh`hv-

vhm~ do doh aod`hv- aol muh dx Bdl„z sxvsdzhz

dh`hv/ Rh lhzvh d àuh vhmadoz`sz à avh

hoxoh aol khaooxm/ Rh lhzvh vxm~ d godr

dxvzhmuhz- d muh a khaooxm aol ax`ho mh-

aol d àuh a zsvxam `xohv dv Bdl/ Rh mdo

d àuh a doohdo fhrhho r`d rh avh a rdvg-`dkh- `xv`- aol z`ddm/ ^h o a rdvml xmm d

fmmdoz d shdsmh- `hvh avh kao~ r`d avh mdohm~-

zdmahl- kavoamyhl- aol sxvsdzhmhzz/ Dxv zdh~

z zd az+sahl à kao~ shdsmh ld od àuh

kh d xmuah vhmadoz`sz/ Nozhal rh zhmh

dv raò szhxld uhvzdoz d vhmadoz`sz do

\U dv rh ahks d lhuhmds vhmadoz`sz duhv

`h Nohvoh/ N z od dolhoh à ”vham~‛ \U

z`drz avh zx` a ` aol à domoh idxvoamo

aol ohrdvgo `vdx` fmdz aol rhfzhz mghK~Zsah z `vuo/ Nz sdzzfmh à dxv ddmz

d ohvdoohdo avh axamm~ vhao kdvh

lzdoohdo4 \à `h~ hoafmh a zàmmdr aol

`~sdvam vham~ aol hpzhoh4 Jdouhvzadoz

avh dho vhsmahl f~ hkamz aol hp khzzao-

uzz vhsmahl f~ s`doh ammz aol udh kamz/ @auh

rh mdz `h zgmmz d avo aol vhmao d doh

aod`hv o shvzdo4 @auh rh mdz `h asa~ d

fxml khaooxm vhmadoz`sz4

@nz|dvnjam aol Fnfmnjam Fajgbvdxol“Jdoznlhvnob Vx|`„z Jdo|hp|

Jxz|dkz

\`hvh avh rd @hfvhr zdam xzdkz d

`h `zdvam shvdl o qxhzdo à ohhl d fh

``m`hl dv a fhhv xolhvzaolo d `h zdv~/\`h vz z `h lx~ d a kao d kavv~ `h

rldr d a vhmauh r`d àz od zdo/ \`z hozxvhz

à `h akm~ moh rmm zxvuuh az rhmm az svdulh

dv `h rldr- r`d odvkamm~ rdxml àuh od khaoz

d zxssdvo `hvzhm/ \`z xzdk z lhzvfhl o

Lhxhvdodk~ 6898+13 aol z vhhvvhl d az ”mhuvah

kavvah/‛ \`h avvaohkho o `h Fddg d Vx`

ahksz d dmmdr `z xzdk- huho `dx` Fday

z od Hmkhmh`„z fvd`hv- odv z Vx` Hmkhmh`„z

rldr/ Vx` az az a zxfzxh dv Oadk aolzoh Fday z Hmkhmh`„z mdzh vhmauh- `h `ddzhz

d a az a ”gozkao+vhlhhkhv/‛

Jdoohhl d `z lx~ d mhuvah kavvah

z a zhdol xzdk- `h vhlhksdo d maol/ \`h

marz vhmao d `z xzdk avh zshmmhl dx o `h

Ixfmhh Marz d Mhuxz 68- zshamm~ o uhvzh

68 aol dmmdro/ No aoho Nzvahm- drohvz`s d

:

Jdkkxon|~ % Knzzndo no |`h Fddg d Vx|`


zhzzndo |`vhh 16

”



aohzvam maol raz zxssdzhl d vhkao rò `h

akm~/ Huho - dx d sduhv~- a akm~ kdvahl

d `hv maol- `h mar vhqxvhl `h ohavhz vhmauh

d huhoxamm~ sxvàzh fag/ No dxv zdv~- Fday

vhdoyhz à `hvh z axamm~ a mdzhv vhmauh

r`d dxml a az `h gozkao+vhlhhkhv fx- ozhald lzxzzo Vx`„z kavvah svdsdzam r` `k-

Fday sxz `h zzxh d maol d `h dvhvdo/ \`h

maol z doohhl d Oadk aol Vx`- aol `hvhdvh

rdxml vhkao `hvz- hzshamm~ Vx` rhvh d àuh

ao `hv/ \`h d`hv vhmauh ohvhzhl o fx~o `h

maol vhdoyhz à huhoxamm~ `h rdxml mdzh `h

maol aol `h sxvàzh kdoh~- zoh `h dxml od

ghhs dv `kzhm/

Edvhnbohvz- Jdkkxon|~ % Knzzndo

Rh mhavo o fhooo d `h fddg d Vx`

à Oadk aol `hv `xzfaol Hmkhmh` avh

Nzvahmhz vdk Fh`mh`hk o Ixla`/ Vx` aol

Dvsa` dkh vdk `h dxov~ d Kdaf/ \`hvhdvh-

r`ho Vx` vhxvoz r` Oadk d `hv `dkhmaol-

Vx` z a dvhohv7 kdvh zshamm~- Vx` z a

dvhohv vdk Kdaf- a dxov~ à àl a mdo

`zdv~ d doe r` Nzvahm/ h- rh zhh `h shdsmh

o Fh`mh`hk rhmdko `hv/ F~ ldo zd- `h

Fh`mh`hk dkkxo~ axamm~ muhz dx a zsh

sav d Bdl„z amm dv `hk az a shdsmh/ Bdl àl

ammhl Afvaàk d mhauh `z dxov~- `z shdsmh- aol

`z kkhlah akm~ o dvlhv d zav a ohr oado/

”N rmm kagh ~dx od a vha oado- aol N rmm fmhzz

~dx7 N rmm kagh ~dxv oakh vha- aol ~dx rmm fh

a fmhzzo‥ amm `h shdsmhz do hav` rmm fh fmhzzhl

`vdx` ~dx-‛ (Bhohzz 1696+:./

Nzvahm„z sxvsdzh az a `dzho oado raz d fh a

fmhzzo d amm `h shdsmhz d `h hav`/ Bdl auh `h

Nzvahmhz zsh ozvxdoz do `dr d muh dx `z

kzzdo/ Doh ra~ `h~ rhvh d hkfdl~ `z kzzdo

raz d rhmdkh aol svdulh dv `h dvhohv- `h

rldr- `h dvsào- aol `h sddv/ A zsh Nzvahmh

mham valdo dxol o Mhuxz 1>9>+13- 6:966- aol

Lhxhvdodk~ 6<91>+66 ammdrz dvhohvz- rldrz-

aol `h sddv d a`hv vao ahv a àvuhz/ \`z

valdo z lhkdozvahl o `h Fddg d Vx`/ Vx`

aol Oadk axamm~ hkfdl~ amm `vhh ahdvhz d

shvzdoz“dvhohv- rldr- aol sddv/ \`vdx`dx

`h fddg- `h ax`dv vhqxhom~ vhkolz xz à

Vx`- az a dvhohv- z rhmdkhl aol hkfvahl

f~ `h Nzvahmh dkkxo~/ Huho kdvh akayo z

`dr `h dzshmz d Ka`hr aol Mxgh rhauh Vxòd `h mohah d Ihzxz J`vz dv z`h fhdkhz

`h vha+vaolkd`hv d Go Laul- aol Ihzxz

rmm huhoxamm~ fh fdvo d Idzhs` aol Kav~ vdk

Laul„z moh/

\`h zdv~ d Vx` aghz smah avdxol `h kh

d `h ixlhz/ \`h fddg„z kao `hkhz avh mduh-

svduzdo aol hohvdz~- r`` avh lhkdozvahl

f~ `h shdsmh o `h dkkxo~ r` Vx`- `hvzhm-

a `h dvhvdo/ \`hvh z a dksmhp aol fhaxxm

@hfvhr rdvl- `hzhl- xzhl f~ `h ax`dv d douh~`hzh `hkhz doodo ”md~am~-‛ ”golohzz‛ aol

”zhalazohzz/‛ N z a rdvl kdz dho xzhl d

lhzvfh Bdl- hzshamm~ Bdl„z duhoao vhmadoz`s

r` Nzvahm/ \d ld `hzhl z d udmxoavm~ d fh~dol

`h amm d lx~/

Rh mhavo `vdx`dx `h fddg d Vx` à

fd` Bdl aol shdsmh ao fh ahoz d `hzhl- r``

rh zhh lhkdozvahl o uavdxz ra~z f~ `h `vhh

kao àvahvz- Vx`- Oadk- aol Fday/

Zjvns|xvh

Vhal `h Fddg d Vx`- àshvz 1+</ (N z

fhz d ld `z amm o doh zo- zd ammdr a ddl :3

koxhz d ld zd/.


Jdkkxon|~

Zdkh gh~ àvahvzz lhohl o `hàvahvz avh md~am~- dohz~- vx`+hmmo-

agodrmhlo doh„z hhmoz aol vdxfmhz d d`hvz-

zhvuo ha` d`hv- dksazzdo- ago oauh d

khh zdkhdoh hmzh„z ohhlz- svdulo vdk doh„z

dro vhzdxvhz dv `dzh o ohhl- zàvo khamz

aol ddl dh`hv- mddgo dx dv doh aod`hv-

`dodvo vhqxhzz- aol z`dro vhzsh o amm

zhzzndo |`vhh 1:



zxadoz/

Doh azsh d vhmadoz`sz à z`drz xs o

`h fddg d Vx` z uxmohvafm~/ Vx` aol Oadk

avh uxmohvafmh zdamm~- zoh `h~ àuh svaamm~

od dsdoz dv zxssdvo `hkzhmuhz/ Oadk z

uxmohvafmh fd` hkddoamm~ aol zsvxamm~- àuomdz `hv `xzfaol aol zdoz aol vhzohl d mdzo

`hv lax`hvz+o+mar az rhmm/ Oadk ldhz od

svdkzh zdkhò d Vx` z`h aood uh/ Oadk

z vhamz r` Vx` afdx `hv zxado aol rà

`hv mh rmm fh mgh/ Oadk z `dohz afdx fd`

`hv zxado aol `hv hhmoz dravl Bdl/ Z`h z

vaozsavho r` `hv oh`fdvz- `h shdsmh r`d

gohr `hv fhdvh z`h mh r` `hv `xzfaol aol zdoz/

Mgh `h vdr` d `h r`ha aol favmh~ à Vx`

àvuhzz- zd Vx`„z dkkkho aol avh zsvozxs od a ohr vdr` d `hamo o Oadk„z mh

aol zah d fho/ \`h maol z o a zhazdo d àvuhz

r`ho `h rdkho vhxvo d Fh`mh`hk- fx Oadk-

kdz mghm~- z o a zhazdo d zsvxam aol hkddoam

rohv/ Duhv kh- r` Vx` f~ `hv zlh- Oadk z

afmh d ol sxvsdzh aol id~ aao/ Bdl- doh aao-

svdulhz dv Oadk `vdx` Vx`- Fday- aol `h

dkkxo~ d Fh`mh`hk/ Oadk„z zdv~ fhoz

r` `h mdzz d rd zdoz- aol holz r` `h aoo

d ao `hv `vdx` Vx` aol Fday ‚ a vaolzdo ‚

dv r`dk z`h rmm avh dv az `hv dro/

Knzzndo

\`hvh avh lhoh lhvhohz fhrhho mh

o `h Fh`mh`hk dkkxo~ d mdo ad aol mh

o dxv xvvho Akhvao xmxvh/ Kdz odhafmh

z `h avavao xmxvam dohp d aoho Nzvahm

uhvzxz dxv dro olxzvam aol hòdmdam doh

(am`dx` `h lhvhohz rmm amzd lhshol do ~dxv

dro dohp d muo o xvfao- zxfxvfao- dv vxvam

houvdokhoz./ Aod`hv lhvhoh z zhho o `h

vhmdxz marz f~ r`` `h Nzvahmh dkkxo~

zdx` d muh/ Dxv mham z~zhk- f~ dovaz- z

kdzm~ zhxmav o oaxvh zoh rh ld od azvfh

luoh ax`dv~ d `h Jdozxdo dv hlhvam- zah-

aol mdam marz/ Rh muh o a doehl ah r`hvh

rh hav dxv oh`fdv aol `h fhav do `h zvhh/

Rh ka~ od huho godr `h oakhz d `h shdsmh

r`d muh ohp lddv/ \`h `xv` z zhho f~ kdz az a

a`hvo smah- od a smah à svdulhz ddl aol

z`hmhv dv `h `dkhmhzz aol `xov~/ Dxv àmmhoh

z d òg dxzlh `h fdp/ Az a dkkxo~ d

a`- z sdzzfmh dv xz d muh mgh `h Fh`mh`hkdkkxo~ muhl4 Muo dx `hzh uamxhz rmm od

mddg hpam~ `h zakh o dxv dohp/ \`dzh uamxhz

aol àvahvzz- `drhuhv- mgh `h dohz ~dx dkh

xs r` o `h zxl~- avh rvasshl od muo a mh

d ohodoam~ r` doh aod`hv/ \`z z- o sav-

rà khaoz d mduh Bdl aol mduh doh aod`hv/


^dx ka~ rao d zav r` ao~ qxhzdoz

dv vhehdoz à dkh xs vdk `h Nolulxam

Svhsavado/ N zdkh vdxs khkfhvz àuh od

vhal `h fddg d Vx`- ammdr 8+13 koxhz dv doh

aod`hv- dv `h mhalhv- d vhas `h zdv~ d Vx`-

Oadk- aol Fday/ \`ho vhal `vdx` zdkh dv amm

d `h Zvsxvh sazzahz dh`hv az kh ammdrz/

Non|nam Vhehj|ndoz

1. Nlho~ rà gol d dkkxo~ ~dx avh a sav

d aol zdkh d `h azshz aol qxamhz à

lhoh / Avh ~dx o ao xvfao dv vxvam zho4

@dr ldhz ~dxv dkkxo~„z mdado `hms lhoh

4 Rà hòhz aol d`hv shdsmh vdxsz muh

o ~dxv dkkxo~4 Rà z `h hdodk~ mgh4

Nz fddko- do fxz- dv ldo zd+zd4 Rà

sxfm zhvuhz avh auamafmh o ~dxv dkkxo~4

@dr ldhz `h svhzhoh dv mag d zx` zhvuhz

ah ~dxv dkkxo~4 (^dxv dkkxo~ dxml

fh a `xv`- dro- oh`fdv`ddl- z`ddm- h/.

zhzzndo |`vhh 1<



6. R`d avh ~dx o `z dkkxo~4 Rà z ~dxv

sxvsdzh rò à vdxs d shdsmh4 Rà avh

~dx oudmuhl o4 R`d ld ~dx ohva r`4

Lnzjxzzndo“Jdkkxon|~

1. Mddg a `h ra~z `h dkkxo~ ohvaz aol

vhzsdolz o vhmadoz`s r` doh aod`hv (Vx`

1911+1:- 63+667 696- 0+>- 1<+157 :91+<- 13+1:7 <9>+

16- 1<+18./ Ld ~dx shvzdoamm~ àuh hpshvhohsavsao o ax`ho vhmadoz`sz4 Avh

`hvh ao~ doohdoz fhrhho ~dxv hpshvhoh

aol `h adoz d `h shdsmh o Vx`4

6. Jdozlhv Oadk„z hkddoam aol zsvxam

idxvoh~ `vdx` `h zdv~ f~ mddgo a Vx`

191:- 1>+617 691>+667 :917 <91<+12/ Rà ldhz

Oadk hpshvhoh aol `dr ldhz z`h udamyh

à hpshvhoh4 @dr ld òz àoh dv `hv4

:. \agh a hr kdkhoz d vheh r` doh aod`hv

do `h shdsmh o ~dxv mh r` r`dk ~dx hhm

vxm~ ~dxvzhm/ Rà z à kaghz ~dx hhm à

ra~4

Lnzjxzzndo“Knzzndo

1. Rà zsh ra~z ld ~dx zhh `h kao

àvahvz (Vx`- Oadk aol Fday.

lhkdozvao `hzhl- svao `z zavammd~am~ dravl doh aod`hv4 (Jdozlhv Vx`

1911+107 696- 0+127 :91+<- 13+187 <91<+12/.

6. Vhal Mhuxz 1>9>+137 6:9667 aol Lhxhvdodk~6<91>+66 afdx `h marz r`` Bdl zh dx o

dvlhv d avh dv hvao shdsmh/ R`~ z `z

ksdvao- aol `dr ao ~dx- az Bdl„z `mlvho-

zkmav d `h dkkxo~ o Vx`- fh auh o

avo dv `dzh o ohhl avdxol ~dx4 Rà ra~z

ao ~dx rdvg dh`hv d kagh a lhvhoh o

~dxv dkkxo~4

zhzzndo |`vhh 18



Sva~hv

D Mdvl- rh mnuh no a fvdgho aol `xv|nob rdvml

r`hvh vhma|ndoz`nsz d|ho fvhagldro fhjaxzh d `xv|z

zxhvhl aol dhozhz jdkkn||hl/ @hms xz |d javh dv

doh aod|`hv az ~dx rdxml àuh xz |d/ Ka~ rh dhv a

zsajh no dxv `hav|z- no dxv knolz- aol no dxv `dkhz dv

|`dzh r`d ohhl a vnhol- a kho|dv- dv a z`dxmlhv |d jv~

do/ @hms xz |d svaj|njh |`h `dzsn|amn|~ |à| ~dxv Zdo zd

d|ho z`drhl |d |`dzh avdxol `nk r`d rhvh z`xoohl

aol lnzvhbavlhl f~ |`dzh avdxol `nk/ Rh sva~ |`nz no

~dxv `dm~ oakh/ Akho/

Svaj|njh

@auh a loohv sav~/ Bd dx dv ouh shdsmh

à ~dx àuh od doohhl r` vhhom~ d àuh a

kham r` ~dx/ Fh `dx`xm aol ohodoam afdx

`h xhzz à ~dx ouh zd à od dom~ rmm ~dxv

vhmadoz`s fh zvho`hohl- fx a dkkxo~ ao

fh fxm r` d`hvz az dkkdoamhz avh vhuhamhl

aol vhmadoz`sz fxm/ Sva~ à Bdl rmm xlh

~dx az d r`d d ouh/

zhzzndo |`vhh 15



Nolnunlxam Svhsava|ndoIhzxz J`vz akh à amm ”ka~ àuh mh- aol

àuh afxolaom~‛ (Idò 13913./ Ihzxz„ `hamoz

aol hhloz z`dr xz à `z ”afxolao mh‛

omxlhz a dohvo dv `h fdl~ az rhmm az `h zdxm/

N z khao dv dxv svhzho mh az rhmm az dxv xxvh

doh/ Afxolao mh z dv olulxamz az rhmm az

dv `h mavhv dkkxo~/ Ihzxz houzdohl aol

kdlhmhl dkkxo~ o r`` shdsmh mduh aol

avh dv doh aod`hv- z`dr dzsam~- khh doh

aod`hv„z ohhlz- ahol d zgohzz aol sao- aolauhm~ zhhg vhdomado r`ho `hvh z doe/ No

`z zhzzdo rh rmm agh a mddg a rd rdkho r`d

hodxohvhl Ihzxz aol hpshvhohl `hamo aol

vhzdvado o lhvho ra~z- àoo `hv muhz

dvhuhv/

@nz|dvnjam aol Fnfmnjam Fajgbvdxol“Jdoznlhvnob Envz|

Jho|xv~ Jdo|hp|\`h Zakavn|ao Rdkao

Ihzxz fdmlm~ vdzzhl a oxkfhv d zdam afddz

aol favvhvz o `z hodxohvz r` `h Zakavao

rdkao a Z~àv aol `h fmhhlo rdkao d

Bammhh/ \`h vhzdvado aol `hamo ha` rdkao

hpshvhohl vdk Ihzxz fhakh à kx` kdvh

zoao fhaxzh d Ihzxz„ zsh ahodo d

ha` rdkao„z ohhl/\`z z od `h vz dv maz kh Ihzxz

lhmfhvahm~ zdx` d fvhag ldro hvao xoixz

zdam zvxxvhz à rhvh lhvkhoam d `h

dkkxo~/ Ihzxz„ hodxohv r` `h Zakavao

rdkao- `dx`- omxlhz hò az rhmm az holhv

aol kdvam favvhvz/ \`h hò favvhv vhhvz d

Ihzxz fho a Ihr aol `h rdkao a Zakavao/

\`hvh rhvh hoxvhz d svhixlh fhòl Ihrz`+

Zakavao vhmadoz- zdkhò `h rdkao

sdoz dx d `k vdk `h fhooo d `hvdouhvzado/

\`h holhv favvhv z amzd ao zzxh-

``m`hl hzshamm~ r` `h lzsmhz„ z`dghl

vhado a olo Ihzxz amgo r` a rdkao/

Zksm~ sx- rdkho rhvh dho od uamxhl o `h

zakh ra~ az kho zoh `h~ rhvh dho dozlhvhl

d fh d mdr zdam zaxz aol vhahl- o hh- az

zhdol+mazz yhoz/ \`hvh rhvh zv vxmhz- dv

zdkh Ihrz- r`` svd`fhl kho vdk zshago

r` rdkho o sxfm/ N a kavvhl rdkao zsdgho sxfm r` a kao raz dozlhvhl- f~ zdkh-

az vdxolz dv ludvh/ Amzd- `hv rdvl ll od

dxo az a uaml rohzz o a dxv d mar zoh dom~

kho dxml svdulh hzkdohz o mham azhz/ \`z

oam sdo ka~ fh xolhvzdvhl o `h hp f~ `h

a à fd` rdkho vhkaohl xooakhl/ Rh

ao fh vahxm- o ao~ azh- à `hzh zdvhz rhvh

<

Vhz|dva|ndo % @hamnob“\rd Rdkho Khh| Ihzxz

zhzzndo edxv 12




omxlhl o `h Bdzshm rohzz lhzsh `h a à

`h oakhz d `h rdkho rhvh h`hv dozdxzm~

duhvmddghl dv zksm~ dvdho/

\`h kdvam favvhv khodohl fhdvh dohvoz

`h rdkao„z vhsxado/ \`h zdv~ ka~ olvhm~

allvhzz `z r`ho z`h z lhzvfhl az do amdoh dlvar rahv a `h oddo `dxv/ Zdkh dkkhoadvz

àuh zxhzhl à kdz rdkho svdfafm~ rho

d h` rahv o `h ddm d `h havm~ kdvoo/

\`h Zakavao rdkao„z svhzhoh amdoh aol a

`h rhmm a `h oddo `dxv àz zxhzhl d zdkh

à z`h raz- o zdkh ra~- dzvayhl vdk `hv

dkkxo~ dv zdkh saz zo dv fvhago a zdam

afdd/ Ràhuhv `h azh ka~ àuh o a fhho-

rh ld godr à `h rdkao àz àl zdkhò

d a lxm saz/ Mahv o `h zdv~- Ihzxz vhuhamzà `h godrz afdx `hv uh svhudxz `xzfaolz

aol à `h kao z`h odr muhz r` z od `hv mham

`xzfaol/ Rh ka~ rdolhv rà zdam zaolo `z

rdkao àz aol r`h`hv z`h àz fhho dzvayhl-

o zdkh ra~- vdk `hv r`dmh dkkxo~/ No ao~

azh- drhuhv- Ihzxz zz aol amgz r` hv/ Eoamm~-

kxz fh odhl- az kdz ffmam vaozmadoz ld-

à dovav~ d `h ra~ Idò <961 ka~ zdxol d xz-

r`ho Ihzxz vhhvz d `hv az ”rdkao-‛ ldhz od

lhodh ao~ lzvhzsh/

\`h Zakavaoz hpshhl `h Khzza` d dkh

az ”Vhzdvhv/‛ Shvàsz `z Zakavao rdkao huho

zxzshz à Ihzxz z `h Khzza` r`ho z`h vhhvz d

`k az a svds`h aol dovkz `h vx` o rà `h

àz zal afdx `hv/ Ihzxz `ddzhz `hv az `h vz aol

dom~ shvzdo o Idò„z Bdzshm d r`dk `h hpsmm~

vhuhamz `z vxh lho~ az Khzza`/ Shvàsz

`vdx` `hv dshoohzz- Ihzxz zhhz zdkhdoh vhal~

d vhhuh `h Bdzshm/ Ihzxz„ douhvzado r` `h

lzsmhz vhavlo `h àvuhz mahv o àshv dxv

vhhvz d `z olho/

”Muo rahv‛ raz a dkkdo hpsvhzzdo

dv vhz` (mhao. rahv“mgh a zsvo dv edro

rahv- az dssdzhl d rahv o a zhvo dv rhmm

à z zmm aol zdkhkhz zaoao/ Ihzxz xzhz `z

kah d vhhv d hhvoam mh `vdx` `h Zsv aol

svdkzhz à r`dhuhv vhhuhz `z rahv `vdx`

`k vhhuhz amm doh ohhlz zsvxamm~/ Rahv vdk

Ihzxz z~kfdmyhz mh aol zamuado/ F~ dhvo `z

muo rahv d `hv- `h àz dkkxoahl à z`h

z uamxhl/ @hv mh z dvhuhv àohl7 z`h àz vxm~

kh `h Vhzdvhv/

\`h Bamnmhao Rdkao

Rh àuh amvhal~ mhavohl zdkh d `h

zv zdam fdxolavhz Ihzxz dho odvhl

dv `h zagh d vhzdvo uamxh d rdkho/ \`h

fmhhlo Bammhao rdkao hkfdlhz ~h aod`hv

fdxolav~“xomhaoohzz/ Z`h z zhho az vxamm~

xomhao o a vhmdxz zhozh/ Mhuxz 1891> ha`hz

à a rdkao z hvhkdoamm~ xomhao lxvo `hv

khozvxam ~mh/ A rdkao raz dozlhvhl xomhao

dv az mdo az `hv ~mh dooxhl/ R`mh do `h dohàol `z zhhkz lhvalo- o la~z r`dx z`drhvz

aol smxkfo- doh dxml kaoh à raz uhv~

ksdvao dv shdsmh d fh doyao d `hv fdlm~

exlz- hzshamm~ fmddl/ Bdl vhahl `hzh golz d

marz dv `h zagh d `h r`dmh dkkxo~- ixz az

rh àuh hvao svahz r`ho lhamo r` fmddl

dla~/ \`h svdfmhk z à zdkhr`hvh fhrhho

`h uo d `h marz d Kdzhz aol `h `mlvho

d Nzvahm aol Ihzxz„ kh- `dmohzz d rvasshl

xs r` vhmdxz mhaomohzz- zd kx` zd à `z

rdkao raz dvzagho aol odvhl/ Fhaxzh `hv

`hkdvvào àl fhho dooxdxz- z`h raz muo

o zdmado vdk `hv dkkxo~ dv a mhaz rhmuh

~havz- o a dozao zah d vhmdxz ksxv~/ Od

doh raohl d fh avdxol `hv fhaxzh `h~ àl

doa r` `hv- `h~ rdxml amzd fh dozlhvhl

”xomhao/‛ \`h~ rdxml `ho àuh d d `vdx`

`hv dro sxvado svdhzz d fh vhzdvhl d

a zah d mhaomohzz (khaoo xm dv vxam

”`dmohzz‛./

\`h zdv~ amzd hmmz xz z`h àz zsho amm z`h

àl do s`~zaoz- r`d h`hv dxmlo„ `hms `hv dv

hpsmdhl `hv dv `hv kdoh~- mhauo `hv hvvfm~

sddv/ Ihzxz fhoz d vhlhoh `dmohzz az khv~-

dksazzdo- aol ixzh/ @h vhzsdolz d `z rdkao

r`d dx`hz `k- od r` lzxz dv vhuxmzdo-

fx r` dksazzdo/ @h ldhz od sdo dx `hv

zhzzndo edxv 10



xomhaoohzz aol kkhlahm~ shvdvk vhz d

sxvado/ Nozhal- `h vhlhohz `hv dx` az a

vaozhv d sdrhv aol ao a d a`/ \`z z od

a ”kaam sdrhv-‛ fx z d fh vhal rò `h

Bdzshm zdv~ d Ihzxz az fhavhv d `h Zsv d Bdl/

R` Ihzxz„ zahkho- ”N odhl à sdrhv àldoh dx vdk kh-‛ `h lhmavhz rd òz afdx

`kzhm“à `h àz luoh sdrhv aol `h godrz

r`hohuhv z douh~hl d aod`hv/ Ihzxz `ho uhz

`h Bammhao rdkao `h dssdvxo~ d fh vhzdvhl

d `h dkkxo~ f~ sxfmm~ omxlo `hv o

Bdl„z akm~/ Nozhal d mho `hv z`vog fag

od `h zàldrz amdoh- `h ammz `hv ”lax`hv‛ aol

agodrmhlhz `hv a` o vdo d huhv~doh/

Zjvns|xvh

Vhal Idò <91+<67 Mxgh 09<3+<0


Zakavn|ao Rdkao

\`h fagvdxol dv `h hò `dzmhz

fhrhho Ihrz aol Zakavaoz z vahl d `h amm d

`h odv`hvo goldk d Nzvahm à z vhdvlhl o 6

Goz 12/ R`ho Nzvahm raz oualhl aol z asam-

Zakava- hmm d `h Azz~vaoz- `h Nzvahmhz rhvh

lzshvzhl aol ohvahl `vdx`dx `h Azz~vao

hksvh/ Nzvahmhz vdk `h zdx`hvo goldk d

Ixla`- `hml a ohauh uhr d `dzh lzshvzhl d

Azz~va az a kphl vah shdsmh/ Zakavaoz zmm

uhrhl `hkzhmuhz az vxh Nzvahmhz aol `hvz d

Bdl„z svdkzhz d Nzvahm/ Zakavaoz àl a `zdv~

d rdvz`sso `h doh vxh Bdl- fx amzd d`hv

dlz- lhsholo do `h avha d r`` `h~ rhvh

lzshvzhl (zhh 6 Goz 12./ \`h zdx`hvo goldkd Ixla` huhoxamm~ hmm d `h Faf~mdoaoz-

r`` `h ax`dv d Goz amzd avfxhz d Bdl

az `z sxoz`kho dv `hv ldmav~ (ixz mgh

`h odv`hvo goldk./ Zdkh d `hzh zdx`hvo

Nzvahmhz rhvh gmmhl- fx a vhkoao raz hpmhl d

Faf~mdo r`hvh `h~ vhl d ghhs `hv a` aol

valdoz amuh o a dvho maol/ \`h~ rhvh mahv

ammdrhl d vhxvo d vhfxml Ihvxzamhk aol `h

hksmh r`ho J~vxz- Go d Shvza- doqxhvhl

`h Faf~mdoaoz/ Nzvahmhz vdk fd` `h odv`hvo

aol zdx`hvo goldkz lzdfh~hl Bdl f~ fho

xoa`xm o od rdvz`sso `k amdoh/ Aod`hv

zzxh d doe zxvvdxolhl `h qxhzdo d r`hvh`h vxh rdvz`s d Bdl ddg smah- r`` z r`~

`h rdkao o dxv zdv~ azgz Ihzxz afdx r`hvh

d rdvz`s Bdl/ \`h Ihrz vdk `h zdx`hvo

goldk r`d rhvh vhxvohl vdk hpmh d vhfxml

`h hksmh- dozlhvhl d fh `h `dm~ smah r`hvh

Bdl vhzlhl/ \`h Zakavaoz- r`d amzd vahl `hv

mohah d Iadf- dozlhvhl Iadf„z rhmm az `hv

`dm~ zh/ A xv`hv valdo amzd lhuhmdshl à

Iadf al svdulhl à rahv kvaxmdxzm~/

R`ho Ihzxz azgz `h Zakavao rdkao dva lvog- `hv vhsm~ zhhkz d dkh r` a zdv d

àm+max`- ”Ldo„ ~dx godr r`d N ak4! R`~

rdxml ~dx fh amgo d kh aol huho azgo

kh dv a lvog4‛ \d r`` Ihzxz `ho vhzsdolz-

shvàsz r` a zkamm zkmh d `z dro- ”A`- ~hz-

fx ~dx gohr r`d N raz///‛ Aol zd fhoz `hv

lamdxh/ Z`h zhhkz d fh a r~ zdv d shvzdo-

zàvs aol ohvhzhl o `z Ihrz` kao„z zvaoh

makz/ Mgh kao~ o Idò„z dzshm- drhuhv- z`h

kzxolhvzaolz r`d aol rà Ihzxz z aol rà `h

z dhvo/ \`z mag d xolhvzaolo axzhz `hv d

oqxvh az d `dr Ihzxz rmm lvar `h rahv r`dx

a doaohv dv iav“xomhzz `h ògz `h z ”vhahv

ào Iadf‛ aol `hvhdvh afmh d doixvh dx

d odò/ R`ho Ihzxz vhuhamz à `h godrz amm

afdx `hv- `hv kzxolhvzaoloz fho d lzzsah

aol z`h vhdoyhz à `h z kdvh ào `h asshavz

d fh aol azgz `k afdx `h vxh rdvz`s d Bdl/

Ihzxz hmmz `hv à `h kh dv a kdvh omxzuh-

khaooxm rdvz`s z `hvh/ Fhmhuhvz rmm fh afmh

d rdvz`s Bdl o zsv aol vx`- khaoo `h

fhmhuhv„z hpshvhoh r` Bdl„z Zsv vhsmahz `h

hksmh aol ao~ d`hv `dm~ smah/ N z Bdl„z Zsv

à ammdrz dv hoxoh rdvz`s/ Ihzxz `ho ldhz

zdkhò hpvadvloav~7 `h hmmz `hv uhv~ lvhm~

à `h z `h Khzza`! \`z z `h vz kh Ihzxz

vhuhamz `z lho~ zd smaom~ d ao~doh aol `h

zhzzndo edxv 1>



dom~ kh `h oahz / Z`h vxz`hz d hmm `hv dro

shdsmh- r`d fhmhuh `hv rohzz (d`hvrzh `h~

rdxml àuh ohuhv dkh d zhh dv `hkzhmuhz./ \`ho

`h~ amzd lhmavh- ”@h z `h Zaudv d `h rdvml/‛ No

`z ra~ `h~ dovk `h rdkao„z hzkdo~/ N z

zoao à `h r`dmh dkkxo~ agodrmhlhzà Ihzxz„ vxmh z xouhvzam- a zamuado r``

omxlhz huhv~doh“Ihrz- az rhmm az Zakavaoz/

Bamnmhao Rdkao

\`z rdkao àz `havl `h zdvhz afdx

Ihzxz aol ògz- ” dom~ N dx` `z avkho-

N ao fh `hamhl aol fh do k~ ra~/‛ Z`h vzgz

fho lzduhvhl aol hodxohvo `h sdhoamm~

`dzmh vhzsdozh d `h vdrlz az z`h svhzzhz `hv

ra~ dravlz Ihzxz/ Z`h vzgz assvdaò Ihzxzaol dxò `k o `h svhzhoh d a z~oadxh

vxmhv ‚ zdkhdoh r`d hkfdlhz `h uhv~ marz

à àuh ghs `hv dzvayhl/ Lhzsh amm `z- z`h

dxvahdxzm~ vha`hz dx xoodhl- fhmhuo à

z`h rmm fh xvhl dom~ z`h ao dx` Ihzxz/ Aol

z`h z xvhl kkhlahm~! Rh òg z`h z `hamhl

ixz fhaxzh `hv edr d fmddl zdsz/ Ihzxz- `drhuhv-

z dohvohl afdx vhzdvo `z rdkao d `hv

dkkxo~- od ixz `hamo `hv s`~zamm~/ @hv

rdvz havz àuh dkh vxh o `h kdkho r`ho

`hv vhahz `dsh àz fhho vhamyhl/ Z`h àz fhho

`hamhl- fx Ihzxz odhl aol odr `h h~hz d `h

vdrl avh xsdo `hv/ Ihzxz- `drhuhv- ohvsvhz `hv

ado az ao a d a` aol raoz d uh `hv `h

dssdvxo~ d hpsvhzz xmm~ o vdo d `h r`dmh

vdrl/ @h raoz d m `h fxvlho d `hv zdam

lzvah- aol uh ax`dv~ az rhmm az rohzz d `hv

`hamo- aol hksdrhv `hv d svdmak rà z`h àz

ixz hpshvhohl/




Svhsavado/ N khkfhvz d `h vdxs àuh od vhal

- ammdr dv a hr koxhz d ld zd/

Vhal amdxl dh`hv Mxgh 09<3+<0 aol Idò

<918+65- :>+<6/

Non|nam Vhehj|ndoz

1. N `hzh zdvhz avh akmav d ~dx- z `hvh

ao~ò ~dx mhavohl vdk `z zhzzdo à raz

zxvsvzo- hodxvao- dv lhvho4

6. N `h zdvhz rhvh xoakmav d ~dx- rà ll

~dx odh dv hhm r`ho vhalo `hk“h`hv do

~dxv dro dv vhalo `hk dx mdxl dh`hv4

Lnzjxzzndo

1. Lzxzz `h ra~z ha` d `hzh rdkhohpshvhohl `hamo aol vhzdvado vdk `hv

hodxohv r` Ihzxz J`vz/ Jdozlhv `dr `hv

muhz rdxml àuh àohl az a vhzxm d `hv

hodxohv r` Ihzxz/ Jdozlhv amzd `h Bammhao

rdkao aol `h lhvhoh fhrhho Ihzxz ammo

`hv dv` uhvzxz odvo `hv `hamo aol

dooxo do/

6. \agh zdkh kh d vheh do `dr ~dx shvzdoamm~

àuh hpshvhohl `hamo aol$dv vhzdvado

`vdx` `h mduh- ahsaoh- aol shah d

Ihzxz aol$dv `vdx` d`hv shdsmh/ N ~dx avh

dkdvafmh- zàvh ~dxv hpshvhohz r` ~dxv

vdxs/

:. Fhaxzh d `h Zakavao rdkao„z douhvzdo

aol vhuhmado d Ihzxz J`vz az Khzza`- z`h

fhao d svdmak aol hz~ afdx `k/ @dr

zhzzndo edxv 63



àz ~dxv hpshvhoh (r`` ~dx lhzvfhl afduh.

àohl dv ahhl ~dxv mh- shvzshuh- dv

sxvsdzh4 @dr rmm d dooxh d ah ~dxv

mh o `h xxvh4

<. Rà gol d zdam favvhvz ld rh àuh dla~

r`` h`hv mk xz vdk hpshvhoo `hamo

dv ghhs xz vdk vhaò dx d d`hvz4

8. @dr k` ~dx fvo `hamo aol vhzdvado d

`h shdsmh o ~dxv `xv` aol d `dzh r`d ld

od ~h godr Ihzxz J`vz4

5. Jdozlhv `h d`hv shdsmh ~dx àuh hodxohvhl

o `hzh rd hpz (h//- Iavxz- `h lzsmhz- `h

dkkxo~ d Z~àv- `h vdrlz- Ihzxz///./ Ld

~dx vhmah d ao~ d `hv hpshvhohz9 z`dg-

`havo hzkdo~- ahsaoh- ksahoh-zàkh- `dsh- dv vhfxgh4

Sva~hv

Bdl- dxv `hamhv- rh |àog ~dx dv vhjdojnmnob

xz |d ~dxvzhm/ \àog ~dx dv |`h kao~ ra~z ~dx

vhaj` dx| |d xz |`vdxb` d|`hvz aol |dxj` dxv mnuhz/ Rh

lhznvh |d zàvh ~dxv mduh rn|` d|`hvz7 fx| rh ohhl ~dxv

rnzldk |d godr `dr- aol rh ohhl ~dxv h~hz |d zhh

|`h favvnhvz |à| ghhs xz vdk hkfdl~nob `hamnob aol

vhjdojnmna|ndo/ Akho/

Svaj|njh

\agh zdkh kh d rvh a àog ~dx mhhv(z.

hpsvhzzo ~dxv vaxlh d `dzh r`d àuh kalh

a lhvhoh o ~dxv mh f~ fvoo zdkh gol d

`hamo aol vhzdvado- r`h`hv avo dv ~dx

s`~zamm~- hkddoamm~- dv zsvxamm~/

zhzzndo edxv 61



Nolnunlxam Svhsava|ndoNo Vdkaoz 16- `h Asdzmh Saxm rvhz d

fhmhuhvz azgo `hk d uh amm d `hkzhmuhz

d Bdl- r`` h za~z z vxh rdvz`s/ @h xzhz

`h aoamd~ d `h `xkao fdl~ d lhzvfh `dr

rh avh ohvdoohhl aol `dr Bdl àz hl

huhv~doh d zhvuh o uavdxz ra~z/ Zoh rh avh `h

J`xv`- rh avh `h fdl~ d J`vz aol avh d hpz

o àvkdo~ r` doh aod`hv dv `h zagh d `h

rdvml- aol dv `h zagh d doh aod`hv/ R`ho ~dx

dohzz Ihzxz J`vz az Mdvl aol Zaudv- vxzoo `z vhzxvvhdo- ~dxv lho~ z vhlhohl/ ^dx

avh rhmdkhl az ao olulxam- fx ~dx avh amzd

rhmdkhl aol hkfvahl od `h xmmohzz d `h

dkkxo~ d Bdl/ \`dxzaolz akh fhdvh xz-

aol `dxzaolz rmm dkh ahv xz/ Ihzxz J`vz

houzdohl a shdsmh r`d rdxml muh dx `hv a`

od dom~ olulxamm~ fx amzd dkkxoamm~ r`- az

Saxm hmmz xz- lhvho fx hqxamm~ uamxhl vdmhz/ Az

`h rvdh-

”Edv ixz az ha` d xz àz doh fdl~ r`kao~ khkfhvz- aol `hzh khkfhvz ld od amm

àuh `h zakh xodo- zd o J`vz rh- `dx`

kao~- dvk doh fdl~- aol ha` khkfhv fhmdoz d

amm `h d`hvz/ Rh àuh lhvho z- advlo

d `h vah uho d ha` d xz/ N ~dxv z

svds`hz~o- `ho svds`hz~ o advlaoh r`

~dxv a`7 z zhvuo- `ho zhvuh7 z

haò- `ho ha`7 z d hodxvah- `ho uh

hodxvahkho7 z uo- `ho uh hohvdxzm~7 z d mhal- ld lmhom~7 z d z`dr

khv~- ld `hhvxmm~‛ (Vdkaoz169<07 zhh amzd 1

Jdvoàoz 169<+1<7 Hs`hzaoz <911+1:7 Bamaaoz

:965+60./

Zdkhkhz Saxm„z mz d z ao fh uhrhl

az zshamyhl aol mko/ Zshamyhl“az

haò ao dom~ fh ldoh a hvao ra~7 aol

mko“ az dom~ hvao golz d shdsmh ao

mhal/ No axam~- `hzh uhvzhz avh od mko/

Oh`hv avh `h uavdxz mzz d zsvxam z khaod fh hpàxzuh/ Mh xz òg aol a vhauhm~

dh`hv/ Mh xz `hms ha` d`hv f~ zhho aol

vhdoyo z o doh aod`hv aol zhhgo ra~z

d xzh `hk/ No `z zhzzdo ~dx rmm rdvg dh`hv

hpsmdvo `h Ohr \hzakho d mddg a `h kao~

ra~z dxv zzhvz aol fvd`hvz zhvuhl Bdl f~ zhvuo

doh aod`hv- `hv dkkxohz- aol `hv rdvml/ No

ldo zd- ka~ ~dx ol dxvah- `dsh aol sazzdo

az ~dx dooxh d dmmdr dxv Mdvl aol Zaudv

Ihzxz J`vz o ~dxv `dkhz- droz- hz- `xv`hz-z`ddmz- rdvgsmahz- aol huho dvho dxovhz/

Ka~ ~dx hksdrhv doh aod`hv- zhh `h fhz o ha`

d`hv- aol `dodv `h z à kagh ~dx doh fdl~-

xzo `hk d `h mdv~ d Bdl/

8

Bn|z % Zhvunjh

zhzzndo e nuh 66




@nz|dvnjam aol Fnfmnjam Fajgbvdxol“Jdoznlhvnob |`hJdo|hp|

Az 1+6 svhzhoz `h vz rohzz d rà a

dkkxo~ d J`vzaoz mddghl mgh ahv Ihzxz

vdzh vdk `h lhal aol azholhl od `hauho/ \`h

@dm~ Zsv akh a Shohdz- xmmmo `h rdvlz

d `h svds`h Idhm- ”N rmm sdxv dx k~ Zsv do amm

shdsmh/‛ \`hzh fvd`hvz aol zzhvz o Ihvxzamhk-

r`d rhvh kdzm~ Ihrz- kh o `h hksmh dxvz-

zàvhl `h Mdvl„z Zxsshv dh`hv o `hv `dkhz-

zhvuhl `h sddv- aol zàvhl `hv vhzdxvhz/ Az

091+: hmmz xz à a vha shvzhxdo fvdgh dx

aaoz `h `xv o Ihvxzamhk/ Zhs`ho raz

zdohl- kho aol rdkho rhvh sx od svzdo- aol

`h Ihrz` J`vzaoz zahvhl/ \`h vhzxm raz

à `h asdzmhz aol lzsmhz d Ihzxz vxm~ holhl

xs do dx ”od amm `h oadoz/‛ \`h~ rhvh

a`xm o dooxo d rdvg dx rà khao

d muh az dmmdrhvz d Ihzxz amm avdzz `h godro

rdvml/ \`hzh uhv~ havm~ J`vzaoz- lhzvfhl o

`h vz hr àshvz d Az- rhvh svkavm~ Ihrz

r`d fhmhuhl o Ihzxz az `hv Khzza`/ \`h~ àl

d lhlh `h~ z`dxml zmm dmmdr hvao marz

vdk `hv valdo aol Bhomhz (odo+Ihrz.

r`d fhakh fhmhuhvz z`dxml fh hpshhl d dmmdr

`hzh marz az rhmm (Az 13+119 18./ \`h~ amzd àl d

dohol r` `h vdro hav aol `dzm~ dravl

J`vzaoz `vdx`dx `h Vdkao Hksvh

Edv `h vz `vhh hoxvhz ahv Ihzxz„

vhzxvvhdo- J`vzao~ az a a` hpshvhohl

a md d vdr`/ Huho lxvo shvdlz d ohozh

shvzhxdo- `dxzaolz d shdsmh dooxhl d

fhmhuh o `h oakh d Ihzxz J`vz- aol `h a`

edxvz`hl/ Huho a Sàvzhh f~ `h oakh d Zaxm-akdxz dv `z shvzhxdo d J`vzaoz- fhakh

a fhmhuhv (`h Asdzmh Saxm./ \`h asdzmhz

r`d àl godro Ihzxz aol lvhm~ vhhuhl `z

haò- vauhmhl rlhm~ `vdx`dx `h Hksvh

hodxvao fhmhuhvz o uavdxz hz f~ rvo

mhhvz d ozvxdo aol hodxvahkho/ \`h~

dooxhl d svha` afdx `z kao oakhl Ihzxz

J`vz r`d lhl aol vdzh vdk `h lhal/

Amm `h mhhvz o dxv Ohr \hzakho dkh

vdk `h asdzmhz (kdzm~ Saxm. r`d rvdh d

`h `dxzh `xv`hz o uavdxz hz allvhzzo

`hv àmmhohz aol doez- ghhso `hkadxoafmh- aol ozvxo `hk o `h a`/

\`hzh `dxzh `xv`hz fhakh `h xolakhoam

fazh dv xv`hvo `h Bdzshm o `hv vhzshuh

dkkxohz/ \`h `dzz d `dxzh `xv`hz rhvh

dho ammhl ”hmmdr mafdvhvz-‛ az rhvh `dzh r`d

rhvh oudmuhl o d`hv azshz d `h `xv`„z

kozv~/‛

\`h Vdkao ax`dvhz dxml od zds `h

zsvhalo d `h Bdzshm `vdx` `hzh `dxzh

`xv`hz- aol `hvhdvh `h~ rhvh vxam d `hzsvhal d `h a`/ \`h `dxzh `xv`hz amzd

zhvuhl az dmmho zadoz dv dvam aol rvho

valdoz à rdxml mahv fh svhzhvuhl az dxv

Ohr \hzakho- zx` az `h mhhvz rvho f~ `h

asdzmhz- aol hzshamm~ `h rohzz d `h Bdzshmz/

Az `hzh `dxzh `xv`hz dooxhl d vdr- d`hv

lhzoadoz dv vdmhz o `h J`vzao dkkxo~

fhao d lhuhmds az `h ohhl dv mhalhvz aol

dvaoyado vhr/


Edv `z zhzzdo- huhv~doh rmm ohhl a Ffmh/

@auo a hr Ffmhz r` kasz dv uzxamz d `h

mdadoz d `h shdsmh `h~ rmm fh mddgo xs

dxml fh `hmsxm/ \`z zo„ vhqxvhl- fx ka~ fh ao

ohvhzo mhzzdo o hdvas`~ az rhmm az svdulo

a fhhv xolhvzaolo d ixz `dr av kao~ d `h

asdzmhz vauhmhl lxvo `hv kozvhz az rhmm az

`dr rlhzsvhal `h kao~ `dxzh `xv`hz rhvh

o `h 1z hoxv~ AL/ Zdkh uhvzhz ka~ vhqxvh

a mmh f d fagvago o `h hp dv o `h

ovdlxdo d a mhhv o dvlhv d mdah a ~ d

vhhvhoh (dv ozaoh Saxm„z mhhv d \kd`~ o

1 \kd`~ 19: mdahz `dzh mhhvz d `h `xv` o

Hs`hzxz./

zhzzndo e nuh 6:



Xolhv `h `halo Zsh xodoz- gh~

rdvlz d mddg dv avh lhadoz- asdzmhz- svds`hz-

svhaò (huaohmz.- aol d+rdvghvz/ Xolhv

D`hv Kozvhz `h sazzahz omxlh avh d

rldrz- dzsam~- oaoam zxssdv- sxfm

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ra~z/

\`z zhzzdo„z sxvsdzh z d lzduhv dh`hv

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aoaz“`h àolz aol hh d Ihzxz- `h fdl~ d

J`vz“vhaò dx d dxv fvdgho rdvml/




Svhsavado/ N khkfhvz d `h vdxs àuh od

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Non|nam Vhehj|ndoz

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`dzh o kozv~.

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svhaò.

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zxado- zx` az `h avh dv rldrz o Az 5/

Rà zdvz d kozvhz k` ~dxv dkkxo~

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ka~ ohhl a smah d ào dx dv vhhuh xdvo

ahv z`ddm/

:. Rà zdv d sdzdoz à ldo„ àuh zsham

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`xv`hz4

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Akho/

zhzzndo e nuh 68



\`h Ohr Akhvnjao Jdkkho|av~ zhvhz/ Oazùmmh9

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aol Ffmh zxlhoz r`d rao d xolhvzaol aol

hpsdxol `h Zvsxvhz/

Ohr No|hvoa|ndoam Jdkkho|av~ do |`h Ohr

\hz|akho|/ Bvaol Vaslz9 Hhvlkaoz/ Svdulhz

zxlhoz d `h Ohr \hzakho r` ao hpsdzdo

à z `dvdx` aol afvhaz d kdlhvo z`dmavz`s

aol a `h zakh kh md~am d `h Zvsxvhz/ R`mh

fazhl do a `dvdx` zxl~ d `h Bvhhg hp- `hdkkhoav~ ovdlxdoz aol hpsdzdoz doao

a kokxk d Bvhhg vhhvhohz/ \`h ONJO\

ax`dvz huamxah zoao hpxam svdfmhkz aol

agh od adxo `h kdz ksdvao hphham

mhvaxvh/

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Bvaol Vaslz9 Hhvlkaoz/ Z`dmavz- sazdvz- aol

zhvdxz Ffmh zxlhoz rmm rhmdkh `h vhz` m`

à `z dkkhoav~ zhvhz azz do aoho ~h

akmav ffmam hpz/ Edv `dzh kao~ kdlhvo

vhalhvz r`d ol `h Dml \hzakho d fh zvaoh

aol dvho zdm- `h ONJD\ zhvhz zhvuhz az ao

ax`dvauh xlh fvlo `h xmxvam as

fhrhho dla~„z rdvml aol `h rdvml d aoho

Nzvahm/

Kavo- Vams` S/ aol Shhv @/ Laulz- hlz/

Lnj|ndoav~ d |`h Ma|hv Ohr \hz|akho| % N|z Lhuhmdskho|z/ Ldrohvz Bvduh9 Nohvuavz~- 1>>2/

\`h `vl d NUS„z vamm~ amakhl zhvhz d

ldoavhz d `h Ohr \hzakho svdulhz dxzhl

zxl~ do `h dho+ohmhhl sdvdoz d `h Ohr

\hzakho9 Az- @hfvhrz- `h Bhohvam Hszmhz

aol Vhuhmado/

Alln|ndoam Vhzdxvjhz


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