Constraints & Challenges to Tracking SD Where are we? Way Forward for SDRA-V Assessment Framework...
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Constrain ts & Challenge s to Tracking SD Where are we? Way Forward for SDRA- Assessme nt Framewor k Themes & Sub- Themes Concept of SD SD Indicator s CSD Indicato rs Tailorin g CSDI to Africa Sustainable Development Report on Africa: Concepts, Indicator Sets & Assessment Framework WASHINGTON OCHOLA
Constraints & Challenges to Tracking SD Where are we? Way Forward for SDRA-V Assessment Framework Themes & Sub-Themes Concept of SD SD Indicators CSD Indicators
Constraints & Challenges to Tracking SD Where are we? Way
Forward for SDRA-V Assessment Framework Themes & Sub-Themes
Concept of SD SD Indicators CSD Indicators Tailoring CSDI to Africa
Sustainable Development Report on Africa: Concepts, Indicator Sets
& Assessment Framework WASHINGTON OCHOLA
Slide 2
The Concept Sustainable development is development that meets
the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs
Slide 3
Spectrum and Elements of Sustainability
Slide 4
Slide 5
Pillars of Sustainable Development
Slide 6
The Governance Dimension
Slide 7
SD Concept from a Construction Perspective
Slide 8
Slide 9
Ecological Footprint
Slide 10
Sustainable Production and Consumption
Slide 11
Building Sustainable Societies
Slide 12
SDI Conceptual Frameworks CFs for indicators help to focus and
clarify: what to measure; what to expect from measurement; and what
kinds of indicators to use. Diversity of core values, indicator
processes and SD theories have resulted different frameworks that
differ in conceptualization of key dimensions of SD; inter-linkages
among these dimensions Grouping of the issues to be measured
selection and aggregation of indicators.
Slide 13
DPSIR Framework
Slide 14
PREM Framework The pressure-response-effect-mitigation
conceptual framework for indicator definition and sustainable
development assessment
Slide 15
Typology of SDI frameworks Issue or theme-based frameworks:
most widely used indicators are grouped into various different
issues relating to SD. Capital frameworks: calculate national
wealth as a function of the sum of and interaction among different
kinds of capital (financial, natural, human, social and
institutional ). Accounting frameworks: draw all indicators from a
single database allowing for sectoral aggregation and using
consistent classifications and definitions.
Slide 16
Core themes, sub-themes, lead indicators and other
indicators
Slide 17
Some Questions for Monitoring SDI in Africa Is wealth created,
sustained, and fairly shared? Are ecosystem services and functions
conserved? Is the biodiversity conserved? Is resource
quantity/productivity maintained? Is pollution prevented? Is
culture preserved? Is the country delivering on its international
commitments? Global partnership for development
Slide 18
Commission for Sustainable Development - CSD Reflective of
global goals, regional priorities and downloadable to local,
national contexts
Slide 19
Example of Poverty Theme
Slide 20
Adapting CSD Indicators to National Tracking Processes
Slide 21
Indicator Selection primarily national in scope; relevant to
assessing sustainable development progress; limited in number, but
remaining open-ended and adaptable to future needs; broad in
coverage of Agenda 21 and all aspects of sustainable development;
understandable, clear and unambiguous; conceptually sound;
representative of an international consensus to the extent
possible; within the capabilities of national governments to
develop; and dependent on cost effective data of known
quality.
Slide 22
Addressing Interlinkages between the themes and sub-themes SDI
attempt to measure SD in its entirety, taking into account the
multi-dimensional and integrated nature of SD. Ceasing to
categorize indicators into the pillars of SD - strengthens the
emphasis on the multi- dimensionality SD Frameworks and thematic
approach Single indicators and themes/sub-themes are already
integrative but may require additional information or analysis to
make their integrative nature more explicit. Example from SDRA
IV
Slide 23
SDRA-V Indicators Indicator Sets
Slide 24
Some Headline Indicators Governance Peace & Security
Political Governance Business Governance African Governance Index
Number of active conflicts Control of Corruption Political
Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism Number of active
conflicts Control of Corruption Political Stability and Absence of
Violence/Terrorism Countries participating in the APRM Regulatory
Quality Government Effectiveness Rule of Law Countries
participating in the APRM Regulatory Quality Government
Effectiveness Rule of Law Business regulatory environment rating
Governance for SD Environmental Governance Countries with national
multi-stakeholder bodies & processes for SD Level of
implementation of the Rio MEAs
Slide 25
THEME HEADLINE INDICATOR Governance African Governance Index
Economic Transformation and Macro economy Adjusted net savings
Sustainable consumption and production Resource Productivity (Ratio
between GDP and DMC) Energy Renewable versus non-renewable total
primary energy supply mix (consumed not produced) Poverty
Proportion of population living below $1 a day Demographic changes
Dependency Ratio Gender The Africa Gender and Development Index
Education Public and Private expenditure on education per capita
Health Life expectancy at birth, by gender Agriculture and food
security Food Production Index Land Based Natural Resources Forest
cover areas Marine and freshwater resources Proportion of total
water resources used with respect to renewable water available, and
by sector (industry, domestic, agriculture) Climate change GHG
emission per capita, including and excluding LULUCF Natural
disasters Human and economic losses due to disasters Means of
Implementation Percentage of country budget coming from domestic
resources
Slide 26
Where are we? (1): SNAPSHOTS FROM SDRA-IV Share of population
living on less than $1.25 a day, % (2009); Absolute numbers of
people living on less than $1.25 a day (2009)
Slide 27
Where are we? (2) Proportion of population with access to an
improved sanitation facility in 2008
Slide 28
Where are we? (3) Access to improved water for urban and rural
areas
Slide 29
Where are we? (4) Share of people without electricity access
for developing countries, 2008
Slide 30
Where are we? (5) Region International Tourists Arrivals
(millions) Market share (%)Change (%) Average annual growth (%)
1990199520002005200820092010 09/ 08 10/ 0900-10 Africa
14.818.926.535.444.44649.45.23.77.36.4 North Africa
8.47.310.213.917.117.618.72.02.56.2 Sub-saharan Africa
6.411.616.221.527.228.430.73.34.48.06.6 World
435528675798917882940100-3.86.63.4
Slide 31
Where are we? (6) Gender parity index in primary education
enrolment, 1990 - 2008
Slide 32
Where are we? (7) Maternal Mortality Ratio: 1990, 2000, and
2008
Slide 33
Where are we? (8) Levels and trends in under-5 mortality
rate
Slide 34
Where are we? (9) Number of people with HIV&AIDS in
2011
Slide 35
Where are we? (10) Sub-regional forest cover and change in
1990, 2000 and 2010
Slide 36
Where are we? (11) Area of forest designated primarily for
conservation of biodiversity in Africa, 19902010
Slide 37
Where are we? (12) Trend in CO 2 emissions, 1990-2007
Slide 38
Where are we? (12) Value of foreign investment flows by
sub-region between 1990 and 2010
Slide 39
Some Challenges, Constraints and Lessons Constant need to
review SD indicators based on lessons from country/REC application
& adaptation Continued need for raising awareness on SD as it
relates to environmental, economic, social and governance dimension
Difficulty in integrating SDIs in national and sub- regional policy
processes: Too large set of indicators Limited
downscaling/adaptation approaches/tools Limited institutional
capacities for coordination Compartmentalization (silo) syndrome
continues to pervade development planning and tracking Data
consistency, availability and reliability
Slide 40
What Next Refinement, adaptation and validation of the the
Assessment Framework and SDI sets Filling up the data gaps and
statistical analysis, trend analysis based on comparable indicators
for pilot countries/themes Data Capture and reporting tools
including on-line platforms and SD monitoring systems Expert Input
and validation innovation for better SD communication including
databases Adopting thematic and pilot/case study approach e.g. SDRA
V - Achieving sustainable development in Africa through inclusive
green growth Increasing awareness and appreciation among policy
makers of the need for a balanced integration of the three pillars
of SD
