CONSTRUCTION OF A DEEP CONSTRUCTION OF A DEEP

TUBE WELLTUBE WELL-- A CASE STUDY.A CASE STUDY.

A PRESENTATION BY T.S. BADRINARAYANAN, GEOSCIENTIST,

B SQUARE GEO TECH SERVICES, KOLLIDAM, SIRKALI TALUK,

NAGAI DISTRICT,TAMILNADU, PIN- 609 102.

E-MAIL: tsbadri56@gmail.com, MOB- 94430 46102.

BADRI.BADRI. 22

AREA & PURPOSE OF AREA & PURPOSE OF

INVESTIGATIONINVESTIGATION..

Name of the village : Ko.Pavalangudi.Name of the village : Ko.Pavalangudi.

Panchayat Union : Vridhachalam. Panchayat Union : Vridhachalam.

Taluk Taluk : Vridhachalam.: Vridhachalam.

DistrictDistrict : Cuddalore.: Cuddalore.

StateState : Tamilnadu.: Tamilnadu.

Area of extentArea of extent : 100 acres.: 100 acres.

Purpose of Purpose of

investigationinvestigation : To construct a very deep: To construct a very deep

tube well for agriculturaltube well for agricultural

purpose.purpose.

BADRI.BADRI. 33

CUDDALORE DISTICT MAP SHOWING CUDDALORE DISTICT MAP SHOWING

THE AREA OF INVESTIGATIONTHE AREA OF INVESTIGATION..

KO.PAVALANGUDI

BADRI.BADRI. 44

KO.PAVALANGUDI

VRIDHACHALAM UNION MAP

BADRI.BADRI. 55

PROBLEMS.PROBLEMS.

�� The hydrogeological condition is such that, The hydrogeological condition is such that, potential confined aquifers occurs @ a potential confined aquifers occurs @ a very deep depth of > 200 meters below very deep depth of > 200 meters below ground level.ground level.

�� A very huge thick layer of aquiclude.A very huge thick layer of aquiclude.

�� Exploring the very deep aquifer & Exploring the very deep aquifer & construction of well are problematic.construction of well are problematic.

�� A huge investment has to be made for A huge investment has to be made for construction.construction.

BADRI.BADRI. 66

STAGES OF

GW EXPLORATION

IN SEDIMENTARY

TERRAIN.

SURFACE METHODS.WELL SITE

SELECTON BY

INTEGRATED

HYDROGEOLOGICAL

& GEOPHYSICAL

METHODS.

SUB SURFACE METHODS.

DRILLING PILOT

BORE HOLE

LITHOLOG

ELECTRICAL WELL

LOGGING

WELL DEVELOPMENT

BY AIR COMPRESSOR

YIELD ASSESSMENT

WELL COMPLETION

PUMPING TEST-

HYDROGEO CHEMICAL

ANALYSIS OF

WATER SAMPLE.

BADRI.BADRI. 77

METHODOLOGY.METHODOLOGY.

�� Three stages of ground water exploration Three stages of ground water exploration ––surface, surface,

subsurface methods & well development.subsurface methods & well development.

�� Surface methodSurface method-- hydrogeological investigation to select hydrogeological investigation to select

a bore hole point.a bore hole point.

�� Sub surface methodSub surface method--drilling pilot bore welldrilling pilot bore well-- litholog litholog

preparationpreparation-- electrical well logging.electrical well logging.

�� Well designing & constructionWell designing & construction--

�� Well development by compressorWell development by compressor-- yieldyield

assessmentassessment--well completion.well completion.

BADRI.BADRI. 88

GROUND WATER EXPLORATION METHODOLOGY ADAPTED.

SECOND STAGE.

SURFACE METHOD.

HYDROGEOLOGICAL

FIRST STAGE.

SUB SURFACE METHOD.

GEOLOGICAL-LITHOLOG.

HYDROGEOLOGICAL

THIRD STAGE.

PILOT BORE HOLEDRILLING.

SELECTINGFEASIBLE POINT.

GEOPHYSICAL-ELECTRICAL LOGGING.

WELL DESIGNING &CONSTRUCTION.

WELL DEVELOPMENT

WELL COMPLETION

BADRI.BADRI. 99

1.1.FIRST STAGE1.1.FIRST STAGE-- SURFACE SURFACE

METHOD.METHOD.

�� Geological and Hydrogeological Geological and Hydrogeological

investigations to select a investigations to select a

feasible point to drill a pilot feasible point to drill a pilot

bore hole.bore hole.

BADRI.BADRI. 1010

GEOMORPHOLOGY MAP OF CUDDALORE DISTRICT.

BADRI.BADRI. 1111

GEOLOGY OF THE AREA.GEOLOGY OF THE AREA.

�� TerrainTerrain-- Sedimentary terrain.Sedimentary terrain.

�� The area is covered by various geological The area is covered by various geological formations ranging in age from Cretaceous to formations ranging in age from Cretaceous to Recent represented by black clay, calcareous Recent represented by black clay, calcareous sandstones & marls [Upper Cretaceous] overlain sandstones & marls [Upper Cretaceous] overlain by Gopurapuram formations of Eocene age, by Gopurapuram formations of Eocene age, essentially argillaceous, comprising silts, essentially argillaceous, comprising silts, claystones, calcareous sandstones, shales, black claystones, calcareous sandstones, shales, black clay & soils.clay & soils.

�� The area is about 60 to 65 kms away from sea The area is about 60 to 65 kms away from sea shore. shore.

[SOURCE[SOURCE-- CGWB].CGWB].

BADRI.BADRI. 1212

HYDROGEOLOGY.HYDROGEOLOGY.

�� Ground water occurs in all geological formations both Ground water occurs in all geological formations both under confined & unconfined conditions.under confined & unconfined conditions.

�� The area receives maximum rain fall during northeast The area receives maximum rain fall during northeast monsoon period which is the main source for ground monsoon period which is the main source for ground water recharge. water recharge.

�� The shallow unconfined aquifers may not be potential to The shallow unconfined aquifers may not be potential to tap for irrigation purposes.tap for irrigation purposes.

�� The deep confined aquifer occurs below 200 meters The deep confined aquifer occurs below 200 meters below ground level.below ground level.

�� The principal & potential aquifers are sand stones, fine The principal & potential aquifers are sand stones, fine to medium grained sands, pebbles & gravels.to medium grained sands, pebbles & gravels.

�� The depth to water level ranges from 20 to 60 m bgl.The depth to water level ranges from 20 to 60 m bgl.

BADRI.BADRI. 1313

2.1. SECOND STAGE2.1. SECOND STAGE--

SUBSURFACESUBSURFACE METHODMETHOD

�� Drilling of pilot bore holeDrilling of pilot bore hole--

�� Rig engagedRig engaged-- Rotary rig.Rotary rig.

�� Dia & depth of pilot bore holeDia & depth of pilot bore hole-- 300 mm300 mm--

depthdepth-- 312 m.312 m.

�� Soil samples collected for every 6 mSoil samples collected for every 6 m-- litholog litholog

preparedprepared-- soil samples analyzed in depth.soil samples analyzed in depth.

BADRI.BADRI. 1414

MUD PIT.

ROTARY RIG.

BADRI.BADRI. 1515

ROTARY RIG.ROTARY RIG.

PVC CASING PIPES.

ROTARY RIG.

PEBBLES.

BADRI.BADRI. 1616

TYPICAL

ROTARY WELL CONSTRUCTION

SEQUENCE

OVERSIZEDBOREHOLE

DRILLED

IDENTIFYAQUIFER

INSTALL CASING(& SCREEN)

YIELD TEST&

WATER SAMPLING

WELL DEVELOPMENT

GROUTANNULAR

SPACE

1 2 3

6 5 4

BADRI.BADRI. 1717

2.2. LITHOLOG.2.2. LITHOLOG.JEYARAMAN, KO.PAVALANGUDI, LITHO LOG.

34

29

7

25

10

15734

20

18

14

28

6

29

9

26

6165

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

DE

PT

H I

N M

BG

L.

BLACK CLAY

GREY COLRED FS-

YELLOWISH BALCK CLAY

FMS

BLACK CLAY

GREY COLRED FS- SST

BLACK CLAYEY SAND

BLACK CLAY + SST

BLACK FINE SILTY CLAY

BLACK CLAYEY SST

BLACK CLAY

SST

BLACK CLAY

SST

BLACK CLAY+ SST

SST

CLAYEY SST

YELLOWISH WHITE SST

BLACK CLAY

TS +YELLOWISH BROWN COLORED CLAY

CONFINEDAQUIFER

BADRI.BADRI. 1818

2.3. GEOPHYSICAL2.3. GEOPHYSICAL--

ELECTRICAL WELL LOGGINGELECTRICAL WELL LOGGING

�� One of the subsurface methods of ground water One of the subsurface methods of ground water

exploration namely the electrical well logging exploration namely the electrical well logging

facilitates continuous recording of electrical facilitates continuous recording of electrical

response verses depth by a sensor when it response verses depth by a sensor when it

moves inside the bore hole. Among the several moves inside the bore hole. Among the several

methods of well logging the common method methods of well logging the common method

used for ground water exploration is electrical used for ground water exploration is electrical

well logging which includes SP log and resistivity well logging which includes SP log and resistivity

logs.logs.

BADRI.BADRI. 1919

WELL LOGGINGWELL LOGGING..

BADRI.BADRI. 2020

LOGGING CONFIGURATIONLOGGING CONFIGURATION..

BADRI.BADRI. 2121

ELECTRICAL WELL LOGGINGELECTRICAL WELL LOGGING

�� Logging equipmentLogging equipment-- Portable spot logger.Portable spot logger.

�� Resistivity meter usedResistivity meter used-- Microprocessor Microprocessor

based signal stacking digital meterbased signal stacking digital meter--

modelmodel-- SSRSSR-- MPMP-- ATAT-- S 0f IGIS, S 0f IGIS,

Hyderabad make.Hyderabad make.

�� Logging modesLogging modes-- SP & Normal resistivitySP & Normal resistivity

loglog-- LNLN--6464’’’’..

BADRI.BADRI. 2222

SP LOGSP LOG..JEYARAMAN, KO.PAVALANGUDI, SP LOG

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

50 70 90 110 130 150 170

SP IN MV

DE

PT

H IN

M B

GL

.

SP

BADRI.BADRI. 2323

NORMAL RESISTIVITY LOGNORMAL RESISTIVITY LOG--

LN 64LN 64’’’’JEYARAMAN, KO.PAVALANGUDI, RES LOG- SN-64''

0102030405060708090

100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240250260270280290300310320

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

RES IN OHM /M

DE

PT

H IN

M B

GL

.

SN-64''

AQUIFER ZONE.

AQUICLUDE.

BADRI.BADRI. 2424

3.THIRD STAGE3.THIRD STAGE-- WELL DESIGNWELL DESIGN

& CONSTRUCTION.& CONSTRUCTION.

�� The success of well depends on the well design The success of well depends on the well design and construction. The tube well design shall and construction. The tube well design shall ensure an efficient and economical well with a ensure an efficient and economical well with a service life of more than a decade.service life of more than a decade.

�� Well designWell design-- The assembly of plain and slotted The assembly of plain and slotted pipes. The aim of screened & gravel packed well pipes. The aim of screened & gravel packed well is to draw clear water from the aquifer without is to draw clear water from the aquifer without excessive head loss and to keep the aquifer excessive head loss and to keep the aquifer

material cut.material cut.

BADRI.BADRI. 2525

�� Poor construction can affect drinking water Poor construction can affect drinking water quality.quality.

�� Poor construction can contribute, promote, Poor construction can contribute, promote, and facilitate pollution and contamination of and facilitate pollution and contamination of the groundwater aquifer.the groundwater aquifer.

�� Proper construction can prolong the life and Proper construction can prolong the life and yield of the well.yield of the well.

WHY CARE ABOUT WELL WHY CARE ABOUT WELL

CONSTRUCTION ?CONSTRUCTION ?

BADRI.BADRI. 2626

Logging Rest.

-curve

Kankar

Clay

Sandy-

clay

Sand

shale

CONSTRUCTION OF BORE WELL IN SEDIMENTARY TERRAIN

Bore well

BADRI.BADRI. 2727

TYPICAL DRILLED WELL TYPICAL DRILLED WELL CONSTRUCTION WITH SCREEN WELLCONSTRUCTION WITH SCREEN WELL

BADRI.BADRI. 2828

3.1. KO.PAVALANGUDI 3.1. KO.PAVALANGUDI

TUBE WELL DESIGN.TUBE WELL DESIGN.

213

18

36

189

18

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

DE

PT

H IN

M B

GL

.

JEYARAMAN, KO.PAVALANGUDI, PD.

SLOT PIPE + BD.

PLAIN PIPE

SLOT PIPE

PLAIN PIPE

SLOT PIPE

PLAIN PIPE

2929

GROUND LEVEL.

CLAY

PACKING.

DRY CLAY

BALL PACKING

PEBBLE

PACKING.

3.3. KO. PAVALANGUDI TUBE WELL CONSTRUCTION

0 TO 213 M PLAIN PIPE.

213 TO 231 M SLOTTED PIPE.

231 TO 267 M PLAIN PIPE.

267 TO 285 M SLOTTED PIPE.

285 TO 294 M PLAIN PIPE.

294 TO 312 M SLOTTED PIPE +

BOTTAM DUMMY.

PVC PLAIN PIPE

SLOTTED PIPE.

175 M

200

312 M

TUBE WELL DEPTH – 312 M.

BADRI.BADRI. 3030

3.4. DEVELOPMENT AND 3.4. DEVELOPMENT AND

COMPLETION OF WELLCOMPLETION OF WELL

�� Development of well is essential to obtain an efficient Development of well is essential to obtain an efficient and long lasting well. The fundamental purpose of and long lasting well. The fundamental purpose of development is to cause reversal of flow through the development is to cause reversal of flow through the screen openings. A permeable zone is created around screen openings. A permeable zone is created around the well screen.the well screen.

�� The tube well constructed was developed after 10 days The tube well constructed was developed after 10 days by an air compressor. 90by an air compressor. 90°° VV-- notch yield was ascertained notch yield was ascertained while developing. The yield of the well is 760 liters per while developing. The yield of the well is 760 liters per minute. The water is very clear and the quality is very minute. The water is very clear and the quality is very good to drink. Finally the well was completed by good to drink. Finally the well was completed by grouting and sealing the casing. grouting and sealing the casing.

BADRI.BADRI. 3131

WELL DEVELOPEPMENT BY WELL DEVELOPEPMENT BY

COMPRESSORCOMPRESSOR

3232

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONRESULT AND CONCLUSION..

�� The depth of tube well [TW] constructedThe depth of tube well [TW] constructed-- 312 m & dia of312 m & dia of

TWTW-- 150 mm. 150 mm.

�� The principal & potential aquifersThe principal & potential aquifers-- sandstone, fine to medium sandstone, fine to medium

grained sand [FMS] & fine sand.grained sand [FMS] & fine sand.

�� The thickness of FMSThe thickness of FMS-- 26 m.26 m.

�� Number of slotted pipes providedNumber of slotted pipes provided-- 18 pipes18 pipes-- 54 m.54 m.

�� Yield of the TW, by 90Yield of the TW, by 90°° VV--notchnotch-- 66’’’’-- 760 LPM.760 LPM.

�� The quality of water is good.The quality of water is good.

�� Thus by integrated geological, hydrogeological & geoelectrical Thus by integrated geological, hydrogeological & geoelectrical

investigations the deep potential confined aquifer could be investigations the deep potential confined aquifer could be

explored & exploited successfullyexplored & exploited successfully..

BADRI.BADRI. 3333

THANK YOU.THANK YOU.

LET US CONSERTVE WATER.