Consultative Committee Meeting on

“PMKSY-CAD- SPRINKLER & DRIP PROMOTION”

MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT AND GANGA REJUVENATION

KHAJURAHO, MP

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Irrigation Potential Created and Utilised

Ultimate irrigation potential (UIP) of the country is 140 Mha, out of which 114 Mha of has been created (IPC) and irrigation potential of 88 Mha has utilised (IPU) as per then Planning Commission upto March, 2012. As per Ministry of Agriculture, IPU is about 65 Mha.

60% of the irrigation is covered under ground water resources and a large section of the farmers are dependent on ground water for agriculture.

Therefore, it is important to bridge the gap of IPC and IPU and promotion of water saving techniques like drip/sprinkler irrigation systems.

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IPU under CADWM programme

Plan Period Irrigation Potential Utilized (Mha)

Upto VIII Plan 13.95

IX Plan 1.80

X Plan 2.31

XI Plan 2.08

XII Plan 0.66

Total 20.8

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Progress made by the States

Some States have achieved very good progress under CADWM States like Haryana, Punjab, Tamil Nadu which have

developed /utilised Irrigation Potential has shown higher GDP

Similarly, Madhya Pradesh has achieved miraculous progress in optimization of water resources

Land under cultivation rose 21% in 10 years to 2012-13

State’s GDP has grown more than 9% points consistently since 2009-10; agri growth >20% in these years

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Progress made by the States

Madhya Pradesh :

Contribution of agri to GDP 27.5 %; up 5% points

Agri growth 24.99% in 2013-14; India 4.9%; State becomes 2nd largest producer of food grains after UP

Irrigated area increased to 27.5 lakh ha from 7.54 lakh ha.

Impact assessment by IIM, Indore shows-

Areas under micro-irrigation systems/scheme showed 30% higher yield for potato, onion, garlic and bananas; 20% for other crops, while farmers used 50% less water.

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Objective : CADWM programme

Centrally Sponsored Command Area Development (CAD) Programme was launched in 1974-75for development of adequate delivery system of irrigation water up to farmers’ field with an objective to bridge the gap between potential created and utilised and to enhance water use efficiency and production and productivity of crops per unit of land and water for improving socio-economic condition of farmers.

The programme envisages integration of all activities relating to irrigated agriculture in a coordinated manner with multi-disciplinary team under a Command Area Development Authority

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CAD - Brief History CAD programme was initially started in the Ministry of

Agriculture and was transferred to Ministry of Water Resources in the early eighties.

The programme has been modified from time to time as per requirements felt during its implementation.

Reclamation of waterlogged areas was added as a component w.e.f. 01.04.1996.

CAD Programme was restructured as Command Area Development and Water Management (CADWM) Programme w.e.f. 01.04.2004.

The scheme was being implemented as a State Sector Scheme during the XI Five Year Plan (2008-09 to 2011-12).

The programme is being implemented pari-passu with Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme (AIBP) during XII Plan.

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Components under CAD Programme Survey, Planning and Design of On-Farm Development

(OFD) works

OFD Works (comprising construction of field channels, micro-irrigation, land leveling where necessary)

Construction of Field, Intermediate and Link Drains

Reclamation of Waterlogged Areas (surface & sub-surface)

Correction of System Deficiencies in canals between outlet upto 4.25 cumec (150 cusec) capacity

Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM)-One time functional grants and One time infrastructure grant to Water Users’ Associations

One time infrastructure grant to WALMIs/IMTIs

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Components under CAD Programme Cont’d…

Training of Functionaries of CADAs and Farmers

Adaptive Trials and Demonstrations (including on micro-irrigation, land leveling, water use efficiency) on farmers’ field for promotion of improved practices

Monitoring and Evaluation

Establishment- limited to 10% of the works carried out for OFD Works, Field Drains, Reclamation of Water Logged Area & Correction of System Deficiency.

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CAD - Financial Achievements

The continuation of CADWM scheme with an outlay of Rs.15000 crore during XII Plan has been accorded in September, 2013.

An amount of about Rs.6140 crore has been released to States as Central Assistance under the CAD Programme since its inception in 1974-75 upto July, 2015.

Out of total, about Rs.931 crore has been released during the period from 2012-13 to 2015-16 (July, 2015)

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Cad - Physical Progress

Active on-going projects spread across the 29 States of the country carried over from XI Plan and new projects included during XII Plan as on 31.3.2015 are 142, including 24 new projects included during XII Plan.

219 projects have been completed under CAD programme

On-Farm Development (OFD) works comprise construction of field channels etc. An area of about 20.8 Mha has been covered under OFD works since inception up to end of March, 2014.

Under reclamation of water logged areas, 823 schemes of 9 states, namely, Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh have been approved for reclamation of 122.532 th.ha. of water logged areas. An area about 78.278 th.ha. has been reclaimed by these States upto March, 2014.

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CAD - Physical Progress Cont’d

To promote participatory approach, a functional grant is provided to the Water Users’ Associations (WUAs) to operate and maintain the irrigation system in their jurisdiction. So far, 84779 WUAs have been formed in various States covering an area of 17.842 M.ha.

Under the component of correct ion system deficiencies, 129 schemes of 6 states namely Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu approved for Correction of System Deficiency of 315.275 Th. ha. area. An area of about 211.9 Th. ha. reported to be covered by these States upto March, 2014.

During XII Plan, assistance is being provided for development of infrastructure to facilitate use of sprinkler/drip irrigation systems as an alternative to construction of field channels and at least 10% of CCA of each project is to be covered under micro-irrigation.

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Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) - Introduction

PMKSY has been approved with an indicative outlay of Rs.50000 crore over a period of five years from 2015-16 to 2019-20

to ensure access to some means of protective irrigation to all agricultural farms (Har Khet Ko Pani) in the country,

to produce ‘per drop more crop’, thus bringing much desired rural prosperity.

The programme is an amalgamation of on-going schemes of Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Agriculture & Cooperation and Ministry of Rural Development.

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PMKSY - Convergence

PMKSY will also seek convergence of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee

Scheme (MGNRES), Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY), Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission and Rural

Electrification programmes (JLNNSM&REP), Rural Infrastructure development Fund (RIDF), Member of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme

(MPLAD), Member of Legislative Assembly Local Area Development

Scheme (MPLALAD), Local body funds (LBF), Working Plan of State Forest Department (WPSFD) etc.

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PMKSY - Objectives

The Prime objective of PMKSY is to increase agricultural production and productivity and to enhance farm income. Other social, technical and economic objectives include: •convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level, •enhancing access to water on farm, •expand cultivable area under assured irrigation, •integration of water source, distribution and its efficient use through appropriate technologies, •enhance on-farm WUE spatially and temporally to reduce wastage, and increase availability, •promote precision irrigation (sprinkler, drip, etc.), • enhance recharge of aquifers for sustainable conservation, •promote rain-fed integrated areas development from ground water with supported livelihood options, •promote agriculture extension and support, •explore feasibility for re-use of treated municipal waste in commands, and •attracting private investments.

.

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PMKSY - Components

Four Schemes of MoWR,RD&GR are proposed under PMKSY, such as AIBP, PMKSY(Har Khet Ko Pani), PMKSY (per drop more crop) and PMKSY (watershed development)

AIBP: Main focus on AIBP would be faster completion of ongoing major, medium irrigation (MMI) projects including National projects.

PMKSY (Har Khet ko Pani): Its aim is to harness all possibilities to facilitate and provide assured irrigation supplies to each farm. The schemes include (i) new minor irrigation schemes, (ii) repair, renovation and restoration (RRR) of water bodies, (iii) Command Area Development (CAD), (iv) groundwater development in potential areas, (v) diversion schemes from plenty to scarce areas, (vi) creating and reviving water tanks, pond etc

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PMKSY – Components, Cont’d.. .

PMKSY (per drop more crop): Its aim is to promote micro irrigation (sprinkle, drip, pivots, rain-guns). Possible candidates reported are: District level schemes with annual plan approval, (ii) Micro irrigation schemes under MGNREGS, (iii) micro level ground water schemes under MGNREGS, (iv) Storage including canal storages for tail-ends of canals, and (v) water lifting devises like diesel/electric/ solar pump sets with water carriage pipes).

PMKSY (watershed development): Its aim is to promote rural development, forest conservation, and drought prone area programs including rain fed area programs such as IWMP of NRAA/MoRD.

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District Irrigation Plans (DIPs) shall be the cornerstone for planning and implementation of PMKSY.

State level and District level plans irrigation planning for all converged schemes would be formulated.

District Agriculture Plans (DAPs) were earlier prepared under RKVY.

Irrigation Plans are proposed to fill the gaps in DAPs.

A holistic approach to irrigation planning and implementation is suggested at block, district and state level.

PMKSY – Components, Cont’d..Planning and implementation of PMKSY

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PMKSY – Cost Norm & Pattern of Assistance

Technical requirements / standards, pattern of assistance etc. for activities of respective components like AIBP, PMKSY (Har Khet Ko Pani), PMKSY (Per drop more crop) and PMKSY (Watershed Development) will be as per the existing guidelines of the respective Ministries/Departments or as per revised norms including that of additional activities introduced, to be issued by the respective ministries/departments with the approval of concerned Union Minister.

 PMKSY funds will be provided to the State Governments as per the pattern of assistance of Centrally Sponsored Schemes decided by Ministry of Finance and NITI Aayog.

During 2015-16, existing pattern of assistance of ongoing schemes will be continued.

Operational guidelines are in the website of Ministry of Agriculture.

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PMKSY – Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation

One of the main objectives of PMKSY is improvement of on-farm water use efficiency to reduce wastage and increase availability both in duration and extent.

To accomplish this objective, enhancement for adoption of precision-irrigation and other water saving technologies (More crop per drop) are to be promoted with efficient water conveyance and field application devices within the farm viz, underground piping system, Drip & Sprinklers, pivots, rain-guns and other application devices etc.

 Construction of micro irrigation structures are proposed to supplement source creation activities including tube wells and dug wells (in areas where ground water is available and not under semi critical /critical /over exploited category of development) which are not supported under AIBP, PMKSY (Har Khet ko Pani), PMKSY (Watershed) and MGNREGS as per block/district irrigation plan.

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PMKSY – Status of the programme

The operational guidelines of PMKSY approved by the Hon’ble Agriculture Minister have been circulated.

The preparation of DIP and SIP has been initiated. As existing pattern of assistance of ongoing schemes will be continued during 2015-16, the process for implementation as per existing scheme guidelines has been initiated.

A meeting regarding implementation of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) during 2015-16, was held on 06/08/2015 at New Delhi under the Chairmanship of Secretary (MoWR,RD&GR) and Principal Secretaries of 14 State Governments.

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Drip & Sprnkler Irrigation Systems

Drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation saves water and fertilizer, allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants through a network of bulbs, pipes, tube wells and emitters.

Modern drip sprinkler irrigation systems have proved that yield of crops increases upto 70% as compared to convention flow irrigation systems.

Adoption of modern irrigation systems also results in water savings upto 50%, fertilizer such as utilization of difficult terrain, maintenance of soil health, use of degraded/water logged areas, are rendered feasible by technological interventions.

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Drip Irrigation Systems

Modern drip irrigation has become the world's most valued innovation in agriculture since the invention of the impact sprinkler , which offered the first practical alternative to surface irrigation.

Drip irrigation may also use devices called micro-spray heads, which spray water in a small area, instead of dripping emitters. These are generally used on tree and vine crops with wider root zones.

Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) uses permanently or temporarily buried dripperline or drip tape located at or below the plant roots.

It is becoming popular for row crop irrigation, especially in areas where water supplies are limited or recycled water is used for irrigation

The pros are less loss of Fertilizer and nutrient due to localized application and reduced leaching, high Water application efficiency and the main cons are high initial cost and probable clogging of pipes, if water is not filtered and lack of maintenance

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Drip Irrigation Systems- Comparison with Traditional Systems

Water Saving and Yield Increase under Drip Irrigation Systems for some crops

Sl. No. Name of Crop Water Saving (%)

Yield Increase (%)

1 Cauliflower 30-40 50-60

2 Cabbage 25-35 60-70

3 Potato 25-35 55-65

4 Tomato 30-50 55-755 Bhindi 30-45 40-506 Brinjal 25-35 50-707 Rice 30-40 105-1458 Wheat 20-25 88-110

Source : Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi and Sher-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K

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Sprinkler Irrigation Systems

Sprinkler Irrigation is a method of applying irrigation water which is similar to rainfall. Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping.

It is then sprayed into the air and irrigated entire soil surface through spray heads so that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the ground.

Sprinklers provide efficient coverage for small to large areas and are suitable for use on all types of properties.

It is also adaptable to nearly all irrigable soils since sprinklers are available in a wide range of discharge capacity.

The pros of the system: Applicable to all types of surfaces, doesn’t require any type of land leveling or resurfacing, and the main cons are: High cost and maintenance, with regard to crop sensitivity due to salt accumulation of leaves, affect of wind etc.

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Water Saving and Yield Increase under Sprinkler Irrigation Systems for some crops:

Sprinkler Irrigation Systems- Comparison with Traditional Systems

Sl. No.

Name of Crop Water Saving (%) Yield Increase (%)

1 Bhindi 37 25

2 Chilli 40 26

3 Onion 41 25

4 Cauliflower 41 24

5 Wheat 42 27

Source : Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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Potential Area under Micro-Irrigation in India

Name of State

Drip (Area in th.ha)

Sprinkler (Area in th.ha)

Total (Area in th.ha)

Pot Actual

% age Pot Actual

% age Pot Actual

% age

Andhra Pradesh

730 363.07 49.74 387 200.95 51.93 1117 564.02 50.49

Bihar 142 0.16 0.11 1708 0.21 0.01 1580 0.37 0.02Chhatisgarh 22 3.65 16.59 189 59.27 31.36 211 62.92 29.82Goa 10 0.76 7.60 1 0.33 33.00 11 1.09 9.91Gujarat 1599 169.69 10.61 1679 136.28 8.12 3278 305.97 9.33Haryana 398 7.14 1.79 1992 518.37 26.02 2390 525.51 21.99Himachal Pradesh

14 0.12 0.86 101 0.58 0.57 115 0.70 0.61

Jharkhand 43 0.13 0.30 114 0.37 0.32 157 0.50 0.32Karnataka 745 177.33 23.80 697 228.62 32.80 1442 405.95 28.15Source: Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity

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Potential Area under Micro-Irrigation in India

Name of State

Drip (Area in th.ha)

Sprinkler (Area in th.ha)

Total (Area in th.ha)

Pot Actual % age Pot Actual % age Pot Actual % age

Kerala 179 14.12 7.89 35 2.52 7.20 214 16.64 7.78Madhya Pradesh

1376 20.43 1.48 5015 117.69 2.35 6391 138.12 2.16

Maharashtra 1116 482.34 43.22 1598 214.67 13.43 2714 697.01 25.68Nagaland 11 0 0.00 42 3.96 9.43 53 3.96 7.47Orissa 157 3.63 2.31 62 23.47 37.85 219 27.10 12.37Punjab 559 11.73 2.10 2819 10.51 0.37 3378 22.24 0.66Rajasthan 727 17 2.34 4931 706.81 14.33 5658 723.81 12.79Tamil Nadu 544 131.24 24.13 158 27.19 17.21 702 158.43 22.57Uttar Pradesh

2207 10.68 0.48 8582 10.59 0.12 10789 21.27 0.20

West Bengal

952 0.15 0.022 280 150.03 53.58 1232 150.18 12.19

Others 128 15 11.72 188 30.00 15.96 316 45.00 14.24Total 11659 1428.46 12.25 30578 2442.42 7.99 42237 3870.88 9.16Source: Exim Bank-Technological Interventions in Indian Agriculture for enhancement of crop productivity

Comparison of Cost Benefit Ratio for Canal Irrigation and Micro-irrigation

Sl. No.

Parameter Traditional (piped +On Farm flow) System

Micro-irrigation (piping network + On Farm Drip irrigation)

1 Project Area (Acre) 2009 2009

2 Project Cost (Rs. Million)

275.1 364.0

3 Project Cost (Rs. /Acre)

1,36,817 1,81,042

4 Irrigation Efficiency 57% 86%

5 Water Required, Mm3 17.97 11.91

6 Anticipated Crop Yield as per Project cropping pattern, MT

60,317 1,20,635

7 Water Use Efficiency, Kg/m3

3.36 10.13

8 Expected Gross Income, Rs. Million

50.2 158.7

9 Net Income, Rs./Acre 24,980 78,938

10 Value Creation Efficiency, Rs./m3

2.79 13.32

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Level of Efficiencies from Different Types of Irrigation

Factors Sprinkler Irrigation System

Drip Irrigation

Surface Irrigation

Overall irrigation efficiency

50-60% 80-90% 30-35%

Application efficiency

70-80% 90% 60-70%

Water saving 30% 60-70% NASource: Present Status and Future Requirement of Farm Equipment for Crop Production, MM Pandey, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal

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Micro-Irrigation in Sanchore, Rajasthan

Sprinkler Irrigation has been made mandatory under Narmada Canal Project in Sanchore district, Rajasthan, for utilisation of Narmada Water allocated to Rajasthan to Reduce chances of water logging, Conjunctive use of surface water and ground water. The System has led to:

Reduction in water allowance and will result in reduction in depleting water table

Introduction of Kharif crop area (about 20%), which in turn will reduce ground water table (in addition to bio-drainage)

Controlled water supply from single source to the farmers by volumetric measurement through pipelines

Increase of original command of 1.31 lakh ha. to 2.46 lakh ha. by adopting a combination of flow and sprinkler

125 villages of Jalore and 108 villages of Barmer to be brought under irrigation, 874 villages of Sanchore, Bhinmal & Jalore and 667 villages of Barmer district are to be benefitted for drinking water

More than 80% of physical target ( to cover 2.46 lakh ha) for approaching through sprinkler irrigation of this unique project has already been achieved.

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Micro-Irrigation Systems

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