Consumer Health Education CHS 488 Lecture 1 By Dr Ebtisam Fetohy Semester 2/2011-2012

Consumer Health Education Consumer Health Education CHS 488 CHS 488

Lecture 1Lecture 1

By Dr Ebtisam FetohyBy Dr Ebtisam Fetohy

Semester 2/2011-2012Semester 2/2011-2012

You are welcomed in the Consumer You are welcomed in the Consumer Health Education courseHealth Education course

I wish to you happy semesterI wish to you happy semesterINSTRUCTORINSTRUCTOR’’S EXPECTATIONS:S EXPECTATIONS: MOBILES OFF MOBILES OFF Attendance and punctualityAttendance and punctuality المواعيد المواعيد دقة دقة Participation Participation Commitment Commitment Respect of: Respect of: Each other Each other Due datesDue datesاالستحقاقاالستحقاق

Consumer health educationConsumer health education Health education (HE) is Health education (HE) is ““the necessary linkthe necessary linkالحلقةالحلقة

in evolution of health servicesin evolution of health services””.. تطورتطور

This link is not a single entityThis link is not a single entityانJJانكيJJكي but a but a composite of h. related information composite of h. related information includingincluding::

1.1. Knowledge of disease,Knowledge of disease,

2.2. Disease prevention,Disease prevention,

3.3. Medication,Medication,

4.4. PatientsPatients’’ rights, rights,

5.5. Knowledge of community, state and national Knowledge of community, state and national laws in reference to health matters, andlaws in reference to health matters, and

Consumer health educationConsumer health education

6. A host of other factors that 6. A host of other factors that cancan and and dodo make difference between health make difference between health and sickness.and sickness.

In order to appreciate the concept of In order to appreciate the concept of public HE as it is defined here, one public HE as it is defined here, one must first accept the definition of must first accept the definition of health as much more than the health as much more than the absence of disease.absence of disease.

Consumer health Consumer health educationeducation

The WHO constitution The WHO constitution تورJتوردسJدس begins begins with the followingwith the following definition of definition of health:health:”” health is a state of health is a state of complete physical, mental, complete physical, mental, societalsocietalاريةJJJاريةحضJJJحض (environmental), (environmental), emotional, spiritual and social well-emotional, spiritual and social well-being and not merely absence of being and not merely absence of disease or infirmitydisease or infirmityالوهنالوهن ””..


WHOWHO’’s definition of health is vital for s definition of health is vital for acceptance of consumer HE as a acceptance of consumer HE as a necessary component of health care necessary component of health care services.services.

Consumer HE programs are concerned Consumer HE programs are concerned

with taking into consideration the with taking into consideration the ““wholewhole”” person person. .

Consumer health educationConsumer health educationIf a patient isn't cooperating in If a patient isn't cooperating in

taking his/her medication, for e.g. taking his/her medication, for e.g. the physician or H. educator the physician or H. educator should considershould consider::

1.1. Whether the patient clearly Whether the patient clearly understands the reasons for taking understands the reasons for taking medication;medication;

2.2. What the patient What the patient ””thinksthinks”” about a about a specific medication specific medication (what he/she (what he/she been told by others perhaps);been told by others perhaps);


3.What patient3.What patient’’s outlooks outlook نظJر نظJر وجهJة is on is on وجهJةmedication in general medication in general (he/she may (he/she may have been reared in a culturehave been reared in a culture that that disapproves ofdisapproves of all medication).all medication).

The suggested action in this e.g. may The suggested action in this e.g. may be obvious, but the e.g. stress the be obvious, but the e.g. stress the importance of considering importance of considering physicalphysical, , mental, mental, societalsocietal, emotional, , emotional, spiritualspiritual and and socialsocial processes in all aspects of processes in all aspects of health carehealth care


A variety of entities seek to inform the A variety of entities seek to inform the public about h. matters. HE is public about h. matters. HE is discussed under the six primary discussed under the six primary categories of the Consumer HE.categories of the Consumer HE.

The programs mentioned in the The programs mentioned in the following reach the majority of following reach the majority of consumer of health services.consumer of health services.

Classification Consumer HE programsClassification Consumer HE programs

They are discussed under 6 headings They are discussed under 6 headings according to the type of institution or according to the type of institution or primary audienceprimary audience::

11..Patient EPatient E

22..School HESchool HE,,

33..Occupational HEOccupational HE

44..Community HECommunity HE

55..National HENational HE

66..The mediaThe media..

Classification Consumer HE programsClassification Consumer HE programs

11--Patient EducationPatient EducationPatient E programs are aimed at people with Patient E programs are aimed at people with

specific disease or health problem. Patient specific disease or health problem. Patient E. exists in:E. exists in:

1.Hospital as well as 1.Hospital as well as 2.H. maintenance organization (HMOs)2.H. maintenance organization (HMOs)3.Group or single medical practices, 3.Group or single medical practices, 4.Nursing home 4.Nursing home 5.Hospices5.Hospices العجزة العجزة دور دور6.Mental H. institution,6.Mental H. institution,7.7.Home Health AgenciesHome Health Agencies and and8.Community or neighborhood8.Community or neighborhoodالحيالحي health health

centers. centers.

11--Patient EducationPatient Education Recently, programs of planned patients (as Recently, programs of planned patients (as

consumers) education have been recognized consumers) education have been recognized by health care personnel and the public as by health care personnel and the public as being an integral being an integral مكملمكملpart of health care part of health care delivery. delivery.

Various key elements Including: Various key elements Including: 1.1. legislativelegislativeتشريعيتشريعي action, action, 2.2. The advent The advent ولJولوصJوصof audiovisual technology, of audiovisual technology,

andand3.3. Rising health care costs Rising health care costs have have

contributedcontributedاهمJJاهمسJJس to the development of to the development of patient education programs in hospitals.patient education programs in hospitals.

11--Patient educationPatient education : :

Patient E. may be organized:Patient E. may be organized:

1.Informally on a one to one basis 1.Informally on a one to one basis (doctor or nurse to patient) or(doctor or nurse to patient) or

2.As a planned group education 2.As a planned group education programs in a hospital or other programs in a hospital or other health facilityhealth facility وسيلةوسيلة . .

1-Patient education:1-Patient education:

1)The one to one instruction:1)The one to one instruction: occurs most occurs most often in an informal manner when during often in an informal manner when during physical examination or in a doctor physical examination or in a doctor private office private office the physician or nurse the physician or nurse impart impart يمنحيمنح to the patient information to the patient information about:about:

1.1. A disease. A disease. 2.2. Its treatment.Its treatment.3.3. The methods of taking prescribed The methods of taking prescribed

medication.medication.

11--Patient educationPatient education::In most cases this type of educational In most cases this type of educational intervention is notintervention is not::

1.1. Planned,Planned,2.2. Organized, and followed byOrganized, and followed by3.3. Printed matter or communication at a later Printed matter or communication at a later

date by a health educator, nurse or date by a health educator, nurse or receptionist. At best it is a hit-or-mess receptionist. At best it is a hit-or-mess affair.affair. أوالضربة الفوضى أوالضربة قضية الفوضى قضية

Some exceptions to this approach exist. A Some exceptions to this approach exist. A few physicians (particularly those in group few physicians (particularly those in group practice) have a H. educator on staff or practice) have a H. educator on staff or designate designate حJحمرشJمرشorganized HE as a physician organized HE as a physician and/or nurse function.and/or nurse function.

11--Patient educationPatient education::This approach includesThis approach includes::

• Written materials specific to disease Written materials specific to disease entity,entity,كيانكيان

• Medication, orMedication, or• General condition, andGeneral condition, and• Follow up programs to:Follow up programs to:1.Ensure adherence to a specific 1.Ensure adherence to a specific

regimen orregimen or2.Provide answers to questions that may 2.Provide answers to questions that may

otherwise go unanswered.otherwise go unanswered.

11--Patient educationPatient education::

2)Most organized patient E programs 2)Most organized patient E programs can be found in hospital setting:can be found in hospital setting:

•These programs aren't widespread, ButThese programs aren't widespread, But•They are receiving a great deal of They are receiving a great deal of public and professional attentionpublic and professional attention. .

Most common programs developed for Most common programs developed for adult inpatientsadult inpatients

Organized programs for Adult inpatients offeredOrganized programs for Adult inpatients offered::

11--diabetesdiabetes , ,

22--nutritionnutrition,,

33--prenatalprenatal , ,

44--ostomyostomy,,55--heart attackheart attack , ,

66--mastectomymastectomy,,

77--postnatalpostnatal , ,

88--preoperativepreoperative,,

99--respiratoryrespiratory , ,1010--postoperativepostoperative,,

1111--stroke, andstroke, and

1212--Pacemaker Pacemaker educationeducation

11--Patient educationPatient education::In those hospitals that do have In those hospitals that do have formal patient E, formal patient E,

the programs are usually of the following the programs are usually of the following types:types:

1.1. Programs for diabetes, Programs for diabetes, cardiaccardiac patient , or patient , or other serious chronic diseases or disabilities;other serious chronic diseases or disabilities;

2.2. Expectant parentExpectant parent’’s class; ands class; and3.3. Preoperative instruction.Preoperative instruction.


In these areas where there is a In these areas where there is a large patient population, and large patient population, and often classes can be given on a often classes can be given on a daily basis by H. educators or daily basis by H. educators or nurse.nurse.

These courses aren't mandatory These courses aren't mandatory and are usually taken by the and are usually taken by the patient on referral from his patient on referral from his doctor or the nurse-educator on doctor or the nurse-educator on the floor.the floor.


In general, In general, patient E programs patient E programs lack defined:lack defined:

a) Goals anda) Goals and

b) b) MethodologiesMethodologies for:for:

1.Evaluating the programs,1.Evaluating the programs,

2.Teaching and2.Teaching and

3.Financing.3.Financing.


The development of The development of ““disease-specificdisease-specific,,

Clinically tested, teaching and Clinically tested, teaching and evaluation protocolsevaluation protocolsاتJJJاتاتفاقيJJJاتفاقي ““are are deemeddeemedيعتبريعتبر essential for:essential for:

1-Third-party reimbursement 1-Third-party reimbursement ويضJويضتعJتع for for patient patient

2-Accreditation2-Accreditation االعتماد- االعتماد-التفويض and/ or, and/ or , التفويض

3-Evaluation by Professional Standards 3-Evaluation by Professional Standards

Review Organizations (PSRO).Review Organizations (PSRO).

Advantages of working in Health Care SettingAdvantages of working in Health Care Setting

Highly varied job responsibilitiesHighly varied job responsibilities Increased credibility due to health Increased credibility due to health

care connectioncare connection High community profile High community profile حياة حياة لمحة لمحة Diverse Diverse متنوعةمتنوعةgroupsgroups Good wages and benefitsGood wages and benefits Good job satisfactionGood job satisfaction

Disadvantages of working in Health Care Disadvantages of working in Health Care SettingSetting

Health education may have a low Health education may have a low prioritypriority

Jobs are hard to come Jobs are hard to come الحصول الحصول صعبة byby صعبة Long hoursLong hours Some M.D.s have little respect for Some M.D.s have little respect for

health educationhealth education

22--School health education (SHE)School health education (SHE):: The school settingThe school setting. . The importance of The importance of

including health instruction in education including health instruction in education curricula has been recognized since the curricula has been recognized since the early 1900s. early 1900s.

-In 1997, the Institute of Medicine advised -In 1997, the Institute of Medicine advised that students should receive the health-that students should receive the health-related education and services necessary related education and services necessary for them to: for them to:

Derive maximum benefit from their Derive maximum benefit from their education and education and

Enable them to become healthy, Enable them to become healthy, productive adultsproductive adults

They embrace They embrace يعتنقيعتنقhealth as a valuehealth as a value They are provided with the They are provided with the

knowledgeknowledge, skills and , skills and empowermentempowerment needed to choose and maintain needed to choose and maintain healthful personal behaviorshealthful personal behaviors

As a life time learner, students be As a life time learner, students be able to able to obtainobtain, evaluate and , evaluate and useuse new new information for future health-related information for future health-related decisionsdecisions

1. It1. It’’s now recognized for its value in:s now recognized for its value in: Changing the health behaviors of Changing the health behaviors of

young people as well asyoung people as well as Coordinating Coordinating يقJJJJJيقتنسJJJJJتنس the many the many

different different servicesservices and and programs programs responding to the health needs of responding to the health needs of children and youthchildren and youth

2. It helps to change:2. It helps to change: Not only the health behaviors of Not only the health behaviors of

individuals but also individuals but also The environments in which students The environments in which students

and educators live, learn and work. and educators live, learn and work.

The The policiespolicies, , programsprograms, , servicesservices and and activities activities that are delivered within this comprehensive that are delivered within this comprehensive framework are the responsibility of: framework are the responsibility of:

Young people, Young people, Parents, Parents, Health and social services professionals, Health and social services professionals, Educators,Educators, Institutions, Institutions, Agencies and Agencies and Governments.Governments.

22--School health education (SHE)School health education (SHE)::

-It is one of the most neglected areas of HE:-It is one of the most neglected areas of HE:--The possibilities are enormous both:The possibilities are enormous both:

1-In the number of students who could be 1-In the number of students who could be reached by HEreached by HE

2-Programs and benefits that could be 2-Programs and benefits that could be attained in the present and in the future.attained in the present and in the future.

For e.g., early disease prevention oriented For e.g., early disease prevention oriented H E programs could decrease the risk H E programs could decrease the risk factors associated with heart disease factors associated with heart disease before the disease has a chance to take before the disease has a chance to take place.place.

22--School health education (SHE)School health education (SHE)::RULES OF GOOD HEALTH:RULES OF GOOD HEALTH:1.1. Take a full bath more than once a weekTake a full bath more than once a week2.2. Brush teeth at least once a dayBrush teeth at least once a day3.3. Sleep long hours with windows openSleep long hours with windows open4.4. Drink as much milk as possible, but no Drink as much milk as possible, but no

coffee or teacoffee or tea5.5. Eat some vegetables or fruit everydayEat some vegetables or fruit everyday6.6. Drink at least 4 glasses of water a dayDrink at least 4 glasses of water a day7.7. Play part of every day outdoorsPlay part of every day outdoors8.8. Have a bowel movement every Have a bowel movement every

morningmorning

Today’s Health Ed Standards :Today’s Health Ed Standards :Students willStudents will::

1.1. Comprehend concepts related to Comprehend concepts related to health promotion & disease health promotion & disease preventionprevention

2.2. Demonstrate the ability to access Demonstrate the ability to access valid valid حيحةJJJJJJJJحيحةالصJJJJJJJJالصhealth education health education information and health- promoting information and health- promoting products and servicesproducts and services

3.3. Demonstrate ability to practice health- Demonstrate ability to practice health- enhancing behaviors and reduce enhancing behaviors and reduce health riskshealth risks

Today’s Health Ed StandardsToday’s Health Ed Standards : :Students willStudents will:/2:/2

4.4. Analyze the influence of culture, media, Analyze the influence of culture, media, technology and other factors on healthtechnology and other factors on health

5.5. Demonstrate the ability to use Demonstrate the ability to use interpersonal communicationinterpersonal communication skills to skills to enhance healthenhance health

6.6. Demonstrate the ability to use Demonstrate the ability to use goal-goal-setting and decision-making skillssetting and decision-making skills to to enhance healthenhance health

7.7. Demonstrate the ability to advocate for Demonstrate the ability to advocate for personal, family and community healthpersonal, family and community health

Coordinated school health programCoordinated school health program A coordinated A coordinated قJJقمنسJJمنس school health program school health program

brings together (integrates) various aspects of brings together (integrates) various aspects of a school district to best impact the health of the a school district to best impact the health of the students, faculty, staff, administration, and the students, faculty, staff, administration, and the community as a whole. community as a whole. It includes the It includes the coordination of:coordination of:

1.1. Food services, nursing services, school Food services, nursing services, school counselingcounseling

2.2. Health instructionHealth instruction3.3. Physical educationPhysical education4.4. AdministrationAdministration5.5. School environmentSchool environment6.6. Community Community 7.7. Faculty/staff wellnessFaculty/staff wellness

Who’s Teaching School Health Who’s Teaching School Health Education (SHE)Education (SHE)??

Is school health a priority?Is school health a priority? What are the qualifications of the What are the qualifications of the

health educator?health educator? What are the job opportunities for What are the job opportunities for

school health educators?school health educators?

Advantages/disadvantages of teaching Advantages/disadvantages of teaching school health education school health education (SHE)(SHE)::

Advantages:Advantages:1.1. Working with young people during these Working with young people during these

developmental yearsdevelopmental years2.2. Prevent harmful behaviors from forming rather Prevent harmful behaviors from forming rather

than working with people who have already than working with people who have already formed bad habitsformed bad habits

3.3. Impact all students because it is a required Impact all students because it is a required course for all studentscourse for all students

4.4. Graduate degree is not needed for entry-level Graduate degree is not needed for entry-level employmentemployment

5.5. Good job securityGood job securityأمنأمن 6.6. Summer months are freeSummer months are free7.7. Benefits are goodBenefits are good

Disadvantages: School Health EducatorDisadvantages: School Health Educator

1.1. Long hours on the job, including many Long hours on the job, including many weekends and eveningsweekends and evenings

2.2. Relatively low status when compared with Relatively low status when compared with math. English, and science teachersmath. English, and science teachers

3.3. Relatively low pay when compared with other Relatively low pay when compared with other professionals in other fields, but comparable professionals in other fields, but comparable with that of other health educators in other with that of other health educators in other fieldsfields

4.4. Discipline Discipline انضباطانضباطproblems with studentsproblems with students5.5. Pressure to get a masterPressure to get a master’’s degrees degree6.6. Difficulties with parents and administration Difficulties with parents and administration

when controversialwhen controversialجدليجدلي subjects are taught..subjects are taught..

22--School health education (SHE)School health education (SHE)::School HE is considered as a part ofSchool HE is considered as a part of

little importance of:little importance of:

1.1. Physical education Physical education

2.2. BiologyBiology

3.3. Home economic department.Home economic department.

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:

1-The curriculum is frequently1-The curriculum is frequently

inappropriate to todayinappropriate to today’’s student.s student.


Three major problems in school HEThree major problems in school HE::

1.1. A tradition of low visibilityA tradition of low visibilityةJةرؤيJرؤي and and priority.priority.

2.2. A narrow definition of appropriate A narrow definition of appropriate content and -Jurisdiction content and -Jurisdiction ديJJديمJJم––for for HE.HE.

3.3. Few adequately trained health Few adequately trained health educators. educators.


It is important for improvement of SHE It is important for improvement of SHE to doto do::

1.1. Teacher training.Teacher training.

2.2. Pilot and demonstration projects.Pilot and demonstration projects.

3.3. Grants Grants منحمنحto generalized and local to generalized and local agencies for the development of agencies for the development of comprehensive elementary and comprehensive elementary and secondary school HE programs.secondary school HE programs.


There is an immediate need of Both:There is an immediate need of Both:1. curriculum 1. curriculum 2.Personnel development.2.Personnel development.

If the impact of HE on the future If the impact of HE on the future population could be appreciated. Then population could be appreciated. Then health education become as integral part health education become as integral part of curriculum as math and science.of curriculum as math and science.

..

University Wellness ProgramsUniversity Wellness Programs

Faculty & Staff ProgramsFaculty & Staff Programs Student ProgramsStudent Programs

Group or personal Disease Group or personal Disease PresentationPresentation!!

At the conclusion of your presentation, At the conclusion of your presentation, prepare a quiz with five questions relating prepare a quiz with five questions relating to your topic (this may be included at the to your topic (this may be included at the end of your presentation). end of your presentation).

DonDon’’t forget your table of contents and t forget your table of contents and cover page! Itcover page! It’’s your job as a group or s your job as a group or personal to present the topicpersonal to present the topic

Grading Rubric! Grading Rubric! ارشاداتارشادات Clarity and PresentationClarity and Presentation _____ 20 _____ 20 Content ReliabilityContent Reliability _____ 20 _____ 20 Group ParticipationGroup Participation _____ 20 _____ 20 OrganizationOrganization _____ 20 _____ 20 CreativityCreativity _____ 20 _____ 20

Total ScoreTotal Score _____ 100_____ 100

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Consumer Health Education CHS 488 Lecture 1 By Dr Ebtisam Fetohy Semester 2/2011-2012